冲突与协商：西方儿童地理学的发展及启示

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002715

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

20世纪90年代之前，儿童群体在地理学研究中一直处于边缘地位。随着来自地理学学科内部以及社会科学领域的合力推动，地理学家开始关注童年的社会空间以及儿童的地方体验。《儿童地理学——玩耍•生活•学习》一书的诞生及专刊《Children’s Geographies》的创立，表明儿童地理学作为一门新兴学科已然形成并日渐壮大。文章追溯了儿童地理学诞生的学科背景，并通过对其专刊《Children’s Geographies》及地理界三大权威期刊自创刊以来的相关文献进行分析，梳理了西方儿童地理学的两大研究议题：1）童年的社会空间：公共空间、学校和家庭中成人的规训与儿童的抵抗；2）全球化背景下多样化的童年：流动与差异。并在此基础上提出国内儿童地理学可能的研究方向。

关键词: 儿童地理学, 社会空间, 全球化, 地方

Abstract: Abstract: Until the 1990s, the children were marginalized in the geographical research. With the drive of both human geography and social science, the childhood’s social space and the children’s place experience draw human geographers’ focus. The publication of Children’s Geographies: playing, living, learning and the foundation of the journal- Children’s Geographies indicated that children’s geographies, as a newly-built branch, had come into being and was developing day by day. This review traces back the academic background to the formation of children’s geographies, and analyses the concerned papers in the journal of Children’s Geographies and other three authority journals in the geographic field. After the detailed review, the authors find out two main research topics: 1) the social space of childhood: the adult’s discipline and children’s resistance in public space, school and home; 2) the diversified childhood under the globalization: mobility and difference. Based on this review, the paper proposes the potential research trends in China, aiming at the localization of children’s geographies and the integration with the western research.

Key words: children’s geographies, social space, globalization, place

陈淳，朱竑. 冲突与协商：西方儿童地理学的发展及启示[J]. 热带地理, 2015, 35(4): 489-497.

CHEN Chun，ZHU Hong. Conflict and Negotiation: A Review on Children’s Geographies in Recent Western Geography[J]. TROPICAL GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 35(4): 489-497.

参考文献

[1] ARIES P．Centuries of childhood：a social history of family life [M]．London：Jonathan Cape，1962：6-10．

[2] CRAIG C，DONAULD L，AUZANNE K．Understanding sociology [M]．New York：McGraw-Hill Companies，1995：20-22．

[3] QVORTRUP J．Childhood and matters：An introduction[M]//QVORTRUP J，BARDY G，SGRITTA G．Childhood Matters：Social Theory，Practice and Polities．Brookfield：Avebury，1994：1-23．

[4] VIVIANA Z．Pricing the priceless child：the changing social value of children[M]．Princeton：Princeton University Press，1985：16-19．

[5] POSTMAN N．The disappearance of childhood[M]．New York：Delacotte Press，1982．

[6] NORMAN K D．The recovering alcoholic sociological observations [M]．England：Sage Publications，1987．

[7] HILL M，TISDALL K．Children and society[M]．London：Longman，1997．

[8] JAMES S．Is there a place for children in geography[J]．Area，1990，22（3）：278-283．

[9] SIBLEY D．Children’s geographies：some problems of representation [J]．Area，1991，23（3）：269-270．

[10] HOLLOWAY S L，VALENTINE G．Children’s geographies：playing，living，learning[M]．London：Routledge，2000：8-9．

[11] KATZ C．Growing up global：economic restructuring and children’s everyday lives[M]．Minneapolis：University of Minnesota Press，2004．

[12] VAN BLERK L，KESBY M．Doing children’s geographies：methodological issues in research with young people[M]．London：Taylor and Francis，2008．

[13] HÖRSCHELMANN K，VAN BLERK L．Children，youth and the city [M]．London：Routledge，2012．

[14] KATHERINE V．Geographies of children and youth[J]．Geografiska Annaler：Series B，Human Geography，2008，90（3）：217-226．

[15] RICHARD Y，NAOMI T．Why children’s geographies?[J]．Geography，2012，97（3）：124-128．

[16] MATTHEWS H．Coming of age for children’s geographies[J]．Children’s Geographies，2003，1（1）：3-5．

[17] MCKENDRICK J H．Coming of age：rethinking the role of children in population studies[J]．International Journal of Population Geography，2001（7）：461-472．

[18] HOLLOWAY S L，PIMLOTT-WILSON H．Geographies of children，youth and families：defining achievements，debating the agenda[M]// HOLT L．Geographies of children，youth and families：an international perspective．London：Routledge，2011：9-24．

[19] JACKSON P．Maps of meaning[M]．London：Virago Press，1989．

[20] 唐晓峰．文化地理学释义：大学讲课录[M]．北京：学苑出版社，2012：219-236．

[21] CHRISTENSEN P，JAMES A．Research with children：perspectives and practices[J]．The International Journal of Children’s Rights，2002，10（3）：291-294．

[22] BUNGE W．The geography of a revolution[M]．Cambridge：Schenkman，1971．

[23] VAN VLIET W．Exploring the fourth environment：an examination of the home range of city and suburban teenagers[J]．Environment and Behavior，1983，15（1）：567-588．

[24] AITKEN S C，HERMAN T．Gender，power and crib geography：transitional spaces and potential places[J]．Gender，Place and Culture，1997，4（1）：63-88．

[25] THORNE B．Re-visioning women and social change：where are the children?[J]．Gender & Society，1987，1（1）：85-109．

[26] ALANEN L．Rethinking childhood[J]．Acta Sociologica，1988，31（1）：53-67．

[27] TIVERS J．Women attached：the daily lives of women with young children[M]．London：Croom Helm，1985．

[28] MONK J．Gender in the landscape：expressions of power and meaning [M]//ANDERSON K，GALE F．Inventing places：studies in cultural geography．Melbourne：Longman Cheshire，1992：123-138．

[29] SIBLEY D．Geographies of exclusion[M]．London：Routledge，1995．

[30] SKELTON T，VALENTINE G．Cool places：geographies of youth cultures [M]．London：Routledge，1997．

[31] AITKEN S C．Putting children in their place[M]．Washington：Association of American Geographers，1994．

[32] VALENTINE G．A safe place to grow up? parenting，perceptions of children’s safety and the rural idyll[J]．Journal of Rural Studies，1997，13（2）：137-148．

[33] PIAGET J．Science of education and the psychology of the child[M]．New York：Orion Press，1970．

[34] BURMAN E．Deconstructing developmental psychology[M]．London and New York：Routledge，1994．

[35] BLAUT J M，STEA D．Studies of geographic learning[J]．Annals of the Association of American Geographers，1971，61（2）：387-393．

[36] BLAUT J M，STEA D．Mapping at the age of three[J]．Journal of Geography，1974，73：5-9．

[37] DOWNS R，LIBEN L，DAGGS D．On education and geographers：the role of cognitive development theory in geographical education[J]．Annals of the Association of American Geographer，1988，78（4）：680-700．

[38] LIBEN L S，DOWNS R M．Canism and cantiansim：a straw child [J]．Annals of the Association of American Geographer，1997，87（1）：159-167．

[39] MATTHEWS H．Culture，environmental experience and environmental awareness：making sense of young Kenyan children’s views of place [J]．The Geographical Journal，1995，161（3）：285-295．

[40] BLAUT J M，STEA D，SPENCER C．Mapping as a cultural and cognitive universal[J]．Annals of the Association of American Geographers，2003，93（1）：165-185．

[41] PROUT A，JAMES A．A new paradigm for the sociology of childhood? provenance，promise and problems[M]//JAME A，PROUT A．Constructing and reconstructing childhood：contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood．London：Falmer Press，1997：28-29．

[42] HORTON J，KRAFTL P，TUCKER F．The challenges of children’s geographies：an affirmation[J]．Children’s Geographies，2008，6（4）：335-348．

[43] MATTHEWS H，LIMB M．Defining an agenda for the geography of children：review and prospect[J]．Progress in Human Geography，1999，23（1）：61-90．

[44] ROBSON E，HORTON J，KRAFTL P．Children’s Geographies：reflecting on our first ten years[J]．Children’s Geographies，2013，11（1）：1-6．

[45] WARD C．The child in the city[M]．London：Architectural Press，1979．

[46] WARD C．The child in the country[M]．London：Bedford Square Press，1988．

[47] PHILO C．Neglected rural geographies：a review[J]．Journal of Rural Studies，1992，8（2）：193-207．

[48] PANELLI R，NAIRN K，MCCORMACK J．We make our own fun：reading the politics of youth with（in） community[J]．Sociologia Ruralis，2002，42（2）：106-130．

[49] NAIRN K，PANELLI R，MCCORMACK J．Destabilising dualisms： young people’s experiences of rural and urban environments [J]．Childhood，2003，10（1）：9-42．

[50] O’BRIEN M，JONES D，SLOAN D．Children’s independent spatial mobility in the urban public realm[J]．Childhood：A Global Journal of Child Research，2000，7（3）：257-277．

[51] GLAUSER B．Street children：deconstructing a construct[M]//JAMES A，PROUT A．Constructing and reconstructing childhood：contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood．London：Routledge Falmer，1990：61-70．

[52] SIBLEY D．Families and domestic routines：constructing the boundaries of childhood[M]//PILE S，THRIFT N．Mapping the subject：geographies of cultural transformation．London：Routledge Falmer，1995：30-39．

[53] GAVIN J A，SANDRA C．The production of tyrannical space [J]．Children’s Geographies，2006，4（2）：239-250．

[54] LIA K．It all used to be better? Different generations on continuity and change in urban children’s daily use of space[J]．Children’s Geographies，2005，3（3）：275-290．

[55] HOLLOWAY S L，PIMLOTT-WILSON H．Enriching children，institutionalizing childhood? geographies of play，extracurricular activities，and parenting in England[J]．Annals of the Association of American Geographers，2014，104（3）：613-627．

[56] EVANS R．Negotiating social identities：the influence of gender，age and ethnicity on young people’s ‘street careers’ in Tanzania[J]．Children’s Geographies，2006，4（1）：109-128．

[57] KATO Y．Doing consumption and sitting cars：adolescent bodies in suburban commercial spaces[J]．Children’s Geographies，2009，7（1）：51-66．

[58] MATTHEWS H，LIMB M，TAYLOR M．Young people’s participation and representation in society[J]．Geoforum，1999，30（2）：135-144．

[59] KARSTEN L．Viewpoints[J]．Children’s Geographies，2005，3（2）：295-298．

[60] KATHLEEN J M．‘Any place to raise children is a good place’：children，housing and neighbourhoods in inner Newcastle，Australia[J]．Children’s Geographies，2010，8（2）：193-211．

[61] HENDRICK H．Children，childhood and English society，1880-1990 [M]．Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1997．

[62] HOLLOWAY S L，BROWN G，PIMLOTT Wilson H．Editorial introduction：geographies of education and aspiration[J]．Children’s Geographies，2011，9（1）：1-5．

[63] COLLINS D，COLEMAN T．Social geographies of education：looking within，and beyond，school boundaries[J]．Geography Compass，2008，2（1）：281-299．

[64] BASU R．Geographies of education[M]//WHARF B．Encyclopedia of geography．Thousand Oaks：Sage Publications，2010：875-877．

[65] CATLING S．Children’s personal geographies and the English primary school geography curriculum[J]．Children’s Geographies，2005，3（3）：325-344．

[66] KRAFTL P．Building an idea：the material construction of an ideal childhood[J]．Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers，2006，31（4）：488-504．

[67] KRAFTL P．Ecological architecture as performed art：Mant-y-Cwm Steiner School，Pembrokeshire[J]．Social & Cultural Geography，2006，7（6）：927-948．

[68] REH S，RABENSTEIN K，FRITZSCHE B．Learning spaces without boundaries? territories，power and how schools regulate learning [J]．Social & Cultural Geography，2011，12（1）：83-98．

[69] THOMSON S．‘Territorialising’ the primary school playground：deconstructing the geography of playtime[J]．Children’s Geographies，2005，3（1）：63-78．

[70] MICHALINOS Z．Investigating the emotional geographies of exclusion at amulticultural school[J]．Emotion，Space and Society，2011，4（3）：151-159．

[71] SILVIA M G．Territories of schooling and schooling territories in contexts of extreme urban poverty in Argentina：between management and abjection[J]．Emotion，Space and Society，2011，4（3）：160-171．

[72] DEVINE D．Children’s citizenship and the structuring of adult-child relations in the primary school[J]．Childhood，2002，9（3）：303-320．

[73] GORDON T，HOLLAND J，LAHELMA E．Making spaces：citizenship and difference in schools[M]．Portland：St．Martin’s Press，2000：26-30．

[74] CLARKE K．Public and private children：infant education in the 1820s and 1830s[M]//STEEDMAN C，URWIN C，WALKERDINE V．Language，Gender and childhood．London：Routlege，1985：58-64．

[75] ALLAN G，CROW G．Home and family：creating the domestic space [M]．London：Macmillan，1989：1-5．

[76] 封丹，朱竑，WERNER B．门禁社区边界和家的构建关系研究[J]．世界地理研究，2014，23（3）：64-73．

[77] JENKS C．The postmodern child[M]//BRANNEN J，O’BRIEN M．Children and families：research and policy，London：Falmer Press，1996：98-101．

[78] ENGLAND K．Who will mind the baby? geographies of childcare and working mothers[M]．London：Routledge，1996．

[79] HOLLOWAY S L．Mother and worker? the negotiation of motherhood and paid employment in two urban neighbourhoods[J]．Urban Geography，1999，20（1）：438-460．

[80] PRATT G．From registered nurse to registered nanny：discursive geographies of Filipina domestic workers in Vancouver，BC[J]．Economic Geography，1999，75（3）：215-236．

[81] CHRISTINE D．Close to home：a materialist analysis of women’s oppression[M]．Amherst：University of Massachusetts Press，1984．

[82] HOLLOWAY S L，PIMLOTT-WILSON H．Enriching children，institutionalizing childhood? geographies of play，extracurricular activities，and parenting in England[J]．Annals of the Association of American Geographers，2014，104（3）：613-627．

[83] WILSON S，HOUMØLLER K，BERNAYS S．‘Home，and not some house’：young people’s sensory construction of family relationships in domestic spaces[J]．Children’s Geographies，2012，10（1）：95-107．

[84] JOS E A．‘It can be good there too’：home and continuity in refugee children’s narratives of settlement[J]．Children’s Geographies，2012，10（1）：35-48．

[85] SIDAWAY J D．Shadows on the path：negotiating geopolitics on an urban section of Britain’s south west coast path[J]．Environment and Planning D：Society and Space，2009，27（6）：1091-1116．

[86] HALFACREE K．Walking with Andrei in Swansea，or going where the path takes me[J]．Qualitative Researcher，2010，12（1）：11-13．

[87] HOLT L．Geographies of children，youth and families：an international perspective[M]．London & New York：Routledge，2011．

[88] QVORTRUP J．Childhood in a post-industrial world[J]．Development，1996，39（1）：64-68．

[89] ORELLANA M，THORNE B，CHEE A．Transnational childhoods：the participation of children in processes of family migration[J]．Social Problems，2001，48（4）：572-591．

[90] COOKE T．Migration in a family way[J]．Population，Space and Place，2008，14（4）：255-265．

[91] STALFORD H，CURRIE S，VELLUTI S．Gender and migration in 21st century Europe[M]．Farnham：Ashgate，2009．

[92] BAILEY A．Population geography：lifecourse matters[M]．Progress in Human Geography，2009，33（3）：407-418．

[93] NLAOIRE C，CARPENA-MÉNdez F，TYRRELL N．Childhood and migration in Europe：portraits of mobility，identity and belonging in contemporary[M]．Ireland Farnham：Ashgate，2011．

[94] VANS R，HOLT L．Diverse spaces of childhood and youth：gender and other socio-cultural difference[J]．Children’s Geographies，2011，9（3/4）：277-284．

[95] BUSHIN N．Researching family migration decision-making：a children- in-families approach[J]．Population，Space and Place，2009，15（3）：429-443．

[96] PUNCH S．Negotiating migrant identities：young people in Bolivia and Argentina[J]．Children’s Geographies，2007，5（2）：95-112．

[97] UNGRUHE C．Symbols of success：youth，peer pressure and the role of adulthood among juvenile male return migrants in Ghana[J]．Childhood，2010，17（2）：259-271．

[98] HAIKKOLA L．Making connections：second-generation children and the transnational field of relations[J]．Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies，2011，37（8）：1201-1217．

[99] YOUNG L，BARRETT H．Adapting visual methods：action research with Kampala street children[J]．Area，2001，33（2）：141-152．

[100] ANSELL N．Childhood and the politics of scale：descaling children’s geographies?[J]．Progress in Human Geography，2009，33（2）：190-209．

[101] HÖRSCHELMANN K，SCHÄFER N．Performing the global through the local-globalisation and individualisation in the spatial practices of young East Germans[J]．Children’s Geographies，2005，3（2）：219-242．

[102] PROUT A．The future of childhood：towards the interdisciplinary study of childhood[M]．London：Falmer Press，2003：1-5．

[103] HORTON J， KRAFTL P．For more-than-usefulness：six overlapping points about children’s geographies[J]．Children’s Geographies，2005，3（2）：131-143．

[104] 韩西丽，Catharina Sternudd，赵文强．城市儿童户外体力活动研究进展[J]．人文地理，2011，26（6）：29-33．