喀斯特和非喀斯特区农业景观格局变化及生态
系统服务价值变化对比——以广西全州县为例

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003060

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取广西壮族自治区典型喀斯特丘陵盆地——全州县为研究区，根据景观格局和生态系统服务价值相关理论，采用2005、2010和2015年TM遥感影像的解译结果及社会经济统计数据，借助ArcGIS和Fragstats软件，对比分析了2005―2015年全州县喀斯特区和非喀斯特区的农业景观格局和生态系统服务价值变化，结果显示：1）2005―2015年间全州县农业景观格局发生明显变化，但喀斯特区和非喀斯特区优势景观类型均未发生变化。2）10年间农业景观用地面积喀斯特区减少了472.23 hm2，非喀斯特区减少了476.28 hm2，但喀斯特区的减少率高于非喀斯特区；喀斯特区比非喀斯特区景观更加破碎，斑块形状更加分散、复杂，景观异质程度更高。3）研究期内喀斯特区生态系统服务价值减少0.01亿元，非喀斯特区生态系统服务价值增加0.04亿元。其中，有林地的减少对2个区域生态系统服务价值减少的贡献率均为最大，喀斯特区达到78%，非喀斯特区达到83%，水域景观的增加导致2个区域生态系统服务价值增加。

关键词: 喀斯特, 农业景观格局, 生态系统服务价值, 广西全州

Abstract: The research area is Quanzhou county in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is a typical Karst Hilly Basin. Based on the theory of landscape patterns and ecosystem service values, use the results of the interpretation of TM remote sensing images and socio-economic data in 2005, 2010 and 2015, and combined with GIS and Fragstats software to analyze and compare the changes of Agricultural landscape pattern and corresponding changes of ecological service value during 2005-2015.The analysis and comparison were carried out and the results showed that: 1) From 2005 to 2015, the spatial distribution of agricultural landscape in karst and non-karst areas of Quanzhou county changed to a certain extent, with obvious changes in the central and southern regions of karst areas and relatively scattered changes in non-karst areas. In agricultural landscape, the increase of water area in non-karst area is more than twice that of karst area, but the dominant landscape types of karst and non-karst areas have not changed. In both regions, the agricultural landscape has undergone significant changes, but the rate of change in karst area is greater, indicating that the change in karst area is stronger and more significant than that in non-karst areas. 2) In the past 10 years, the area of agricultural landscape in Karst was reduced by 472.23 hm2, and the non Karst area decreased by 476.28 hm2, but the reduction rate of Karst area was higher than that of non Karst region. Compared with the non Karst area, the landscape in Karst area is more fragmented, the patch shape is more dispersed and complex, and the landscape heterogeneity is even higher. On the one hand, the change of landscape pattern in karst and non-karst areas is due to the requirements of urban construction, industry and traffic layout. On the other hand is affected by the policy, making agricultural landscape internal change. 3) In the past 10 years, the total value of ecosystem services in prefectures and counties increased continuously, but the increase was small. In addition, the value of ecosystem services was reduced by RMB 1 million in karst areas. On the contrary, District ecosystem service value it increased by RMB 4 million in the non-karst areas. It can be seen that human activities have affected both karst and non-karst areas, but the influence of karst area is larger, leads to a decrease in karst area ecosystem service value. Among them, the largest contribution rate to the decrease of service value of the two regional ecosystems is the decrease of forested land, which reaches 78% in karst area and 83% in non-karst area. During the study period, although the value of ecosystem services provided by woodland decreased, the value of ecosystem services provided by water landscape increased. The increased value of ecosystem services in the two regions is due to the increase in water landscape. Since the forestry has a decisive role in the value of the ecosystem services of the two regions, it would be helpful to improve the ecosystem services of the study area, and improve the overall value of ecosystem services in the study area.

Key words: Karst Areas, agricultural landscape patterns, value of ecosystem services, Quanzhou County

史莎娜，李晓青，谢炳庚，胡宝清，汤传勇，闫妍. 喀斯特和非喀斯特区农业景观格局变化及生态系统服务价值变化对比——以广西全州县为例[J]. 热带地理, 2018, 38(4): 487-497.

SHI Shana，LI Xiaoqing，XIE Binggeng，HU Baoqing，TANG Chuanyong and YAN Yan. Change and Comparison of Agricultural Landscape Patterns and Ecological Service Values in Karst and Non-Karst Areas: A Case Study of Quanzhou County[J]. TROPICAL GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 38(4): 487-497.

参考文献

COSTANZA R，DARGE R，DE GROOT R．1997．The value of the world’s ecosystem services and nature capital．Nature，387：253–260．

COSTANZA R，GROOT R D，SUTTON P，PLOEG S VAN DER，ANDERSON S J，KUBISZEWSKI I，FARBER S and TURNER R K．2014．Changes in the global value of ecosystem services．Global Environmental Change，26：152-158．

陈洪松，冯腾，李成志，付智勇，连晋姣，王克林．2018．西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀特征研究现状与展望．水土保持学报，32（1）：10- 16．[CHEN Hongsong，FENG Teng，LI Chengzhi，FU Zhiyong，LIAN Jinjiao and WANG Kelin．2018．Characteristics of Soil Erosion in the Karst Regions of Southwest China：Research Advance and Prospective．Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，32（1）：10-16．]

陈希，王克林，祁向坤，李洪斌．2016．湘江流域景观格局变化及生态服务价值响应．经济地理，36（5）：175-181．[CHEN Xi，WANG Kelin，QI Xiangkun and LI Hongbin．2016．Landscape Pattern Changes and Evaluation of Ecological Service Value of the Xiangjiang River Watershed．Economic Geography，36（5）：175-181．]

傅伯杰，陈利顶，马克明，王仰麟．2011．景观生态学原理及应用．北京：科学出版社，86-90．[FU Bojie，CHEN Liding，MA Keming and WANG Yanglin．2011．The Principles and Application on Landscape Ecology．Beijing：Science Press，86-90．]

黄秋昊，蔡运龙，王秀春．2007．我国西南部喀斯特地区石漠化研究进展．自然灾害学报，16（2）：106-111．[HUANG Qiuhao，CAI Yunlong and WANG Xiuchun．2007．Progress of research on rocky desertification in karst areas of southwestern China．Journal of Natural Disasters，16（2）：106-111．]

杭佳，石云，贺达汉，耿莎．2013．黄土丘陵区土地利用变化动态与景观格局分析：以彭阳县为例．水土保持研究，20（6）：203-208．[HANG Jia，SHI Yun，HE Dahan and GENG Sha．2013．Dynamic of Land Use/Cover Changes and the Analysis of Landscape Pattern in Hilly and Gully Region of the Loess Plateau-A Case Study of Pengyang County in South of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region．Research of Soil and Water Conservation，20（6）：203-208．]

韩会庆，蔡广鹏，张凤太，樊云龙．2013．喀斯特地区土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响：以贵州省绥阳县为例．水土保持研究，20（2）：272-275．[HAN Huiqing，CAI Guangpeng，ZHANU Fengtai and FAN Yunlong．2013．Analysis of Influence of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Service Value-A Case Stualy of Suiyang County in Guizhou Province．Research of Soil and Water Conservation，20（2）：272-275．]

黄婷，杜清运，邹金秋．2017．新疆农业景观格局演变对其生态系统服务价值的影响．地理信息世界，24（2）：26-31．[HUANG Ting，DU Qingyun and ZOU Jinqiu．2017．Influence of the Evolution of Agricultural Landscape Pattern on the Ecosystem Service Value in Xinjiang．Geomatics World，24（2）：26-31．]

金桂梅，袁锋．2016．喀斯特地貌单元中休闲农业景观格局分析与生态设计．云南地理环境研究，28（5）：49-53，77．[JIN Guimei and YUAN Feng．2016．Analysis on the landscape pattern and ecological design of the leisure in the Karst landfrom unit．Yunnan Geographic Environment Research，28（5）：49-53，77．]

LI F，YE Y P，SONG B W and WANG R S．2011．Spatial structure of urban ecological land and its dynamic development of ecosystem services：a case study in Changzhou City，China．Acta Ecologica Sinica，31（19）：5623-5631．

LI J C，WANG W L，HU G Y and WEI Z H．2011．Impacts of land use and cover changes on ecosystem service value in Zoige Plateau．Acta Ecologica Sinica，31（12）：3451-3459．

罗光杰，王世杰，李阳兵，白晓永．2014．岩溶地区坡耕地时空动态变化及其生态服务功能评估．农业工程学报，30（11）：233-243．[LUO Guangjie，WANG Shijie，LI Yangbing and BAI Xiaoyong．2014．Spatio-temporal dynamics and ecological service function assessment of slope farmland in Karst areas of Guizhou province，China．Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering（Transactions of the CSAE），30（11）：233-243．]

刘济，李玮，王毅，李巧云，李勇，吴金水．2016．中亚热带红壤丘陵区农业流域景观格局对水文过程的影响．生态与农村环境学报，32（3）：424-431．[LIU Ji，LI Wei，WANG Yi，LI Qiaoyun，LI Yong and WU Jinshui．2016．Effects of Landscape Pattern on Hydrological Processes in the Central Subtropical Hilly Agricultural Catchments．Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment，32（3）：424-431．]

李全，李腾，杨明正，应玮．2017．基于梯度分析的武汉市生态系统服务价值时空分异特征．生态学报，37（6）：2118-2125．[LI Quan，LI Teng，YANG Mingzheng and YING Wei，2017．Spatio temporal variation of ecosystem services value based on gradient analysis in Wuhan：2000-2010．Acta Ecologica Sinica，37（6）：2118-2125．]

梁发超．2017．农业景观分类探讨及其应用：以北京市峪口镇为例．土壤，49（2）：408-413．[LIANG Fachao．2017．Classification Methodology and Application of Agricultural Landscape：A Case Study of Yukou Town in Beijing．Soils，49（2）：408-413．]

PEI S，XIE G D，LU C X，ZHANG Y S and CHENG L．2011．Cumulative effects of cascade hydropower development on river ecosystem services：a case study of the Maotiaohe River．Resources Science，33（8）：1469-1474．

乔蕻强．2017．兰州市城市化与生态系统服务价值的耦合关系定量研究．水土保持通报，37（4）：333-337，344．[QIAO Hongqiang．2017．Quantitative Coupling Between Urbanization of Lanzhou City and Its Ecosystem Service Value．Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation，37（4）：333-337，344．]

苏常红，傅伯杰．2012．景观格局与生态过程的关系及其对生态系统服务的影响．自然杂志，34（5）：277-283．[SU Changhong and FU Bojie．2012．Discussion on Links Among Landscape Pattern Ecological Process，and Ecosystem Services．Chinese Journal of Nature，34（5）：277-283．]

宋敏敏，张青峰，吴发启，吴秉校，吴驳．2018．黄土沟壑区小流域景观格局演变及生态服务价值响应．生态学报，38（8）：1-10．[SONG Mingming，ZHANG Qingfeng，WU Faqi，WU Bingxiao and WU Bo．2018．Landscape pattern changes and evaluation of ecological service values in a small watershed of the Loess Gully Region．Acta Ecologica Sinica，38（8）：1-10．]

TURNER M G and GARDNER R H．1991．Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology．New York：Springer-Verlag，11-19．

王航，秦奋，朱筠，张传才．2017．土地利用及景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响．生态学报，37（4）：1286-1296．[WANG Hang，QIN Feng，ZHU Jun and ZHANG Chuancai．2017．The effects of land use structure and landscape pattern change on ecosystem service values．Acta Ecologica Sinica，37（4）：1286-1296．]

王丽群，张志强，李格，马丰伟，陈立欣．2018．北京边缘地区景观格局变化及对生态系统服务的影响评价：以牛栏山-马坡镇为例．生态学报，38（3）：750-759．[WANG Liqun，ZHANG Zhiqiang，LI Ge，MA Fengwei and CHEN Lixing．2018．Landscape pattern change in Beijing fringe area and its impact on the ecosystem services：a case study in Niulanshan-Mapo town．Acta Ecologica Sinica，38（3）：750-759．]

王世杰，李阳兵．2007．喀斯特石漠化研究存在的问题与发展趋势．地球科学进展，（6）：573-582．[WANG ShiJie and LI YangBing．2007．Problems and development trends about researches on karst rocky desertification．Advances in Earth Science，22（6）：573-582．]

王云，周忠学，郭钟哲．2014．都市农业景观破碎化过程对生态系统服务价值的影响：以西安市为例．地理研究，33（6）：1097-1105．[WANG Yun，ZHOU Zhongxue and GUO Zhongzhe．2014．Impact of the urban agricultural landscape fragmentation on ecosystem services：A case study of Xi’an City．Geographical Research，33（6）：1097-1105．]

吴爱林，陈燕，燕彩霞，罗婵，宋新山．2017．长江三角洲生态系统服务价值分析及趋势预测．水土保持通报，37（4）：254-259，265．[WU Ailin，CHEN Yan，YAN Caixia，LUO Chan and SONG Xinshan．2017．Ecosystem Service Value Analysis and Trend Prediction in Yangtze River Delta．Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation，37（4）：254-259，265．]

汪明冲，王兮之，梁钊雄，魏兴琥，李辉霞．2014．喀斯特与非喀斯特区域植被覆盖变化景观分析：以广西壮族自治区河池市为例．生态学报，34（12）：3435-443．[WANG Mingcong，WANG Xizhi，LIANG Zhaoxiong，WEI Xinghu and LI Huixia．2014．Landscape pattern analysis on change of fractional vegetation cover between karst and no-karst areas：a case study in llechi District，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region．Acta Ecologica Sinica，34（12）：3435-3443．]

谢高地，鲁春霞，冷允法，郑度，李双成．2003．青藏高原生态资产的价值评估．自然资源学报，18（2）：189-196．[XIE Gaodi，LU Chunxia，LENG Yunfa，ZHEN Du and LI Shuangcheng．2003．Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau．Journal of Natural Resources，18（2）：189-196．]

谢高地，张彩霞，张雷明，陈文辉，李士美．2015．基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进．自然资源学报，30（8）：1243-1254．[XIE Gaodi，ZHANG Caixia，ZHANG Lei ming，CHEN Wenhui and LI Shimei．2015．Improvement of the Evaluation Method for Ecosystem Service Value Based on Per Unit Area．Journal of Natural Resources，30（8）：1243-1254．]

YUAN D X．1997．Rock Desertification in the subtropical Karst of South China．Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie，108：81-90．

易武英，刘虹虹，张建利，唐金刚，代丽华．2017．典型喀斯特峰丛洼地农业生态系统生态服务价值评估：以平塘县19个乡镇为例．贵州科学，35（6）：50-55．[YI Wuying，LIU Honghong，ZHANG Jianli，TANG Jingang and DAI Lihua．2017．Evaluation of eco-service value of agro-ecosystem in typical karst peak cluster depressions：a case study of 19 villages and towns in Pingtang，Guizhou．Guizhou Science，35（6）：50-55．]

张明阳，王克林，刘会玉，陈洪松，章春华，岳跃民．2010．桂西北典型喀斯特区生态系统服务价值对景观格局变化的响应．应用生态学报，21（5）：1174-1179．[ZHANG Mingyang，WANG Kelin，LIU Huiyu，CHEN HongSong，ZHANG Chunhua and YUE Yueming．2010．Responses of ecosystem service values to lands cape pattern change in typical Karst area of Northwest Guangxi．Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，21（5）：1174-1179．]

张骞，高明，杨乐，陈成龙，孙宇，王金柱．2017．1988―2013年重庆市主城九区生态用地空间结构及其生态系统服务价值变化．生态学报，37（2）：566-575．[ZHANG Qian，GAO Ming，YANG Le，CHEN Chenglong，SUN Yu and WANG Jinzhu．2017．Changes in the spatial structure of ecological land and ecosystem service values in nine key districts of Chongqing City over the past 25 years．Acta Ecologica Sinica，37（2）：566-575．]

ZHANG X Y，LU X G and SHEN S P．2009．Dynamic changes of Ruoergai Plateau wetland ecosystem service value．Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，20（5）：1147-1152．

赵志刚，王凯荣，向开成，谢小立．2012．冀东平原农业景观格局与生态服务价值研究：以滦县为例．水土保持研究，19（3）：221-226，230．[ZHAO Zhigang，WANG Kairong，XIANG Kaicheng and XIE Xiaoli．2012．Assessment on agricultural landscape pattern and ecosystem service values of Jidong plain：A case study of Luan county．Research of Soil and Water Conservation，19（3）：221-230．]

赵志刚，余德，韩成云，王凯荣．2017．2008―2016年鄱阳湖生态经济区生态系统服务价值的时空变化研究．长江流域资源与环境，26（2）：198-208．[ZHAO Zhigang，YU De，HAN Cheng yun and WANG Kairong．2017．Study on the spatial temporal changes in ecosystem services value in Poyang Lake ecological economic zone form 2008 to 2016．Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin，26（2）：198-208．]

ZHONG C J，YAN Q L and XIAO Q Q．2014．Rocky desertification in Southwest China：Impacts，causes，and restoration．Earth-Science Reviews，132（3）：1-12．

周传艳，陈训，刘晓玲，赵卫权，李坤，唐金刚．2011．基于土地利用的喀斯特地区生态系统服务功能价值评估：以贵州省为例．应用与环境生物学报，17（2）：174-179．[ZHOU Chuanyan，CHEN Xun，LIU Xiaoling，ZHAO Weiquan，LI Shen and TANG Jinggang．2011．
Assessment of karst regional ecosystem service functions based on land use change：a case study in Guizhou，China．Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology，17（2）：174-179．]

邹月，周忠学．2017．西安市景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响．应用生态学报，28（8）：2629-2639．[ZOU Yue and ZHOU Zhongxue．2017．Impact of landscape pattern change on ecosystem service value of Xi’an City，China．Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，28（8）：2629-2639．]

[1]	朱孟，周忠发，赵馨，黄登红，蒋翼，吴跃，崔亮. 基于无人机遥感的喀斯特高原峡谷区火龙果单株识别提取方法[J]. 热带地理, 2019, 39(4): 502-511.
[2]	黄登红，周忠发，吴跃，朱孟，尹林江，崔亮. 基于无人机可见光影像的高原丘陵盆地区山药植株识别[J]. 热带地理, 2019, 39(4): 571-582.
[3]	胡应龙，陈颖彪，郑子豪，吴志峰，李娟娟，杨智威. 广州市生态系统服务价值空间异质性变化[J]. 热带地理, 2018, 38(4): 475-486.
[4]	韦跃龙，陈伟海，罗劬侃. 广西都安地下河地质公园喀斯特景观特征及其形成演化 [J]. 热带地理, 2018, 38(1): 34-47.
[5]	孙婷，邓飞艳，焦树林. 土地利用空间差异对典型喀斯特泉域化学风化碳汇的影响[J]. 热带地理, 2017, 37(1): 19-24.
[6]	高渐飞，熊康宁. 喀斯特生态系统服务价值评价 ——以贵州花江示范区为例[J]. 热带地理, 2015, 35(1): 111-119.
[7]	王恒松，熊康宁，张芳美，罗鼎，廖钟方. 广西环江锥状峰丛喀斯特景观演化机制[J]. 热带地理, 2014, 34(5): 672-680.
[8]	陈起伟，熊康宁，兰安军. 喀斯特高原峡谷与高原盆地区石漠化及变化特征对比[J]. 热带地理, 2014, 34(2): 171-177.
[9]	贺中华，陈晓翔，梁虹，顾小林，马莉. 典型喀斯特地貌空间配置的洪水资源化机理——以贵州省为例[J]. 热带地理, 2014, 34(2): 225-233.
[10]	李高聪，熊康宁，肖时珍，周明忠. 施秉喀斯特地貌世界遗产价值研究[J]. 热带地理, 2013, 33(5): 562-569.
[11]	李高聪，熊康宁，肖时珍，周明忠. 施秉喀斯特地貌世界遗产价值研究[J]. 热带地理, 2013, 33(5): 562-569.
[12]	王仙攀, 陈浒, 熊康宁. 气候干旱对贵州喀斯特高原山区土壤动物群落的影响——以石桥小流域为例[J]. 热带地理, 2011, 31(4): 357-361,367.
[13]	叶长盛, 董玉祥. 珠江三角洲土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J]. 热带地理, 2010, 30(6): 603-608,621.
[14]	张凤太, 邵技新, 苏维词. 贵州喀斯特山区乡村景观生态优化模式研究[J]. 热带地理, 2009, 29(5): 418-422.
[15]	周飞, 陈士银, 钟来元, 习心军. 湛江市土地利用总体规划实施的生态效应评价[J]. 热带地理, 2009, 29(3): 274-279.