热带地理

热带地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 781-790.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003092

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

主题公园区位分布影响因素的实证检验

左 冰1，陆嘉敏2   

  1. （1. 中山大学 旅游学院，广州 510275；2. 香港中文大学 地理与资源管理学系，香港 999077）
  • 出版日期:2018-11-30 发布日期:2018-11-30
  • 作者简介:左冰（1973—），女，四川古蔺人，教授，博士，研究方向为旅游经济学，区域发展与旅游规划，（E-mail）zbing@mail.sysu.edu.cn； 陆嘉敏（1994—），女，广东珠海人，硕士研究生，研究方向为可持续旅游，（E-mail）2014293790@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:

    国家社科基金项目（16BJY139）

An Empirical Study on the Factors Influencing the Location of Theme Parks in China

ZUO Bing1, LU Jiamin2   

  1. (1. School of Tourism, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; 2. Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong 999077, China)
  • Online:2018-11-30 Published:2018-11-30

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摘要：

基于保继刚等学者的研究成果，采用类“元分析”法提取影响主题公园空间布局的影响因素，应用主成分分析和逐步回归法对影响因素进行统计检验。结果发现：1）中国主题公园分布主要受地方经济基础和营商环境的影响；2）中国主题公园区位分布符合市场学派的观点，并逐渐由市场驱动向综合考虑成本因素转变；3）主题公园选址在总体上寻求空间集聚效应，低等级主题公园选址存在或者寻求溢出效应或者避免竞争2种情形；4）目的地感知形象对于高等级/大型主题公园布局的影响开始消减。地方经济基础—政府治理绩效—土地等成本因素对于主题公园选址有重要影响，值得政府和企业高度重视。

关键词: 主题公园, 区位论, 集聚效应, 营商环境, 元分析

Abstract:

Theme park has gradually evolved into a major type of tourist attraction. Location as a decisive factor for the success of theme parks has been strongly emphasized in the literature, yet the factors that influence the location of the theme parks are not well-explained because of the limitation of case study. For this purpose, a new, simple method analogy to Mata analysis is used to identify the key factors for a theme park to be successful. Then, a principal component analysis and stepwise regression are applied to empirically evaluate the validity and significance of the key factors. The study finds that: 1) The level of economic development and doing business environments are the important factors that decide the location of Chinese theme parks. The combination of the two interprets 57.6% of the location of theme parks. The regional economic level (GDP) is one of the decisive factors. The government governance capacity and institutional performance are another, which have the same degree of impact on the location of theme parks. It highlights the importance of the doing business environments in promoting the investment in a government-led development economy; 2) The location of Chinese theme parks is market-oriented with a high degree of spatial agglomeration. They like to cluster together for the sake of agglomeration effects, hence are spatially clustering in the three relatively developed areas of the Bohai Rim Region, the Yangtze River delta and the Pearl River delta in China; 3) The Chinese theme parks are increasingly influenced by the operational costs, such as land prices and wages. Some small-size theme parks search either for spillover effects of the large-size theme parks or for the niche market in order to evade competition; 4) The influence of the tourists perceived image of a destination on the location of theme parks begins to decrease. In the future, the impact of economic development and doing business environments will become more prominent to the location of theme parks. In conclusion, the study finds three major factors that determine the location of the Chinese theme parks, i.e. the economic development level, the doing business environments, and the operational cost of the theme parks.. Hence, for governments who want to attract more private venture capital for the development of tourism, it is imperative to improve working efficiency and provide good public services for investors and residents. With the continuous reformation and development of China, the doing business environments in China will become more and more optimized. Factors affecting the location of the theme park will also change accordingly. The success of theme parks will depend more on its core competitiveness, brand influence, cultural connotation and service quality.

Key words: theme park, location theory, agglomeration effect, doing business environments, Mata-analysis