Tropical Geography ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 1000-1008.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003391
Xinghu Wei1(), Shujuan Liu1, Xizhen Xu2, Li Lei3, Hongyan Zhou4, Zhaoxiong Liang1
Received:
2020-08-31
Revised:
2020-10-20
Online:
2021-09-22
Published:
2021-09-22
CLC Number:
Xinghu Wei, Shujuan Liu, Xizhen Xu, Li Lei, Hongyan Zhou, Zhaoxiong Liang. Grading Standard for Determining Underground Soil Leakage in a Mountain with Karst Topography in the North of Guangdong Province[J].Tropical Geography, 2021, 41(5): 1000-1008.
Table1
Features of funnels, cracks and caves in different profiles of investigation sites
调查点 | 位置 | 裂隙 | 洞穴 | 漏斗 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量/条 | 裂隙面 占比/% | 密度/(条· 100 m-2) | 密度/(个· 100 m-2) | 洞穴面 占比/% | 数量/个 | 密度/(个·100 m-2) | 漏斗面 占比/% | 深度-宽度比 | ||||
清连高速K2117— K2116段 | 24°42´07.4″ N 112°18′01.2″ E | 27 | 0.69~33 | 17.88 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 5.96 | 9.94~49.68 | 0.33~0.6 | ||
清连高速K2118 | 24°41′18.6″ N 112°18′15.4″ E | 21 | 0.35~31.55 | 3.79 | 2 | 0.16 | 9 | 1.62 | 2.71~45.23 | 0.4~0.5 | ||
连州威建水泥厂 采石场 | 24°45′00" N 112°15′00" E | 8 | 0~1.18 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0~0.53 | 22 | 0.17 | 0.61~4.62 | 0.23~1.42 |
Table 2
The grading standard of underground leakage of soil in karst mountain in north of Guangdong Province
漏失程度/指标 | 裂隙 | 洞穴 | 漏斗 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
与溶洞 连通度 | 断面比/% | 密度/(条· 100 m-2) | 类型 | 数量/(个·100 m-2) | 位置 | 深宽比 | 形状 | 周边裂隙 发育情况 | |||
无漏失 | 不连通 | ≤1 | ≤3 | 无溶洞、落水洞、竖井、天窗, | 0 | — | ≤0.5 | 浅凹形 | 无 | ||
轻度漏失 | 不连通 | 1~9 | 4~9 | 无溶洞、落水洞、竖井、天窗, 可能有少量无连通干洞穴 | ≤1 | 干洞穴位于 山体中上部 | 0.6~1.0 | 凹形 | 侧面有、 底部无 | ||
中度漏失 | 连通 | 10~30 | 10~14 | 有落水洞或竖井 | 1~2 | 峰丛洼地中央 | 1.1~2 | V形 | 侧面有、 底部有 | ||
重度漏失 | 连通 | ≥30 | ≥15 | 横向溶洞(管道状溶洞、 穹状溶洞),与地下河连通 | ≥3 | 山体垂直或斜下方底部位置 | >2 | 长V形、 葫芦形 | 侧面有、 底部有 |
Table 3
Landscape characteristics of Karst Mountain surface within the different grading underground soil leakage in North of Guangdong Province
土壤地下 漏失程度 | 地表景观辅助参考特征 |
---|---|
无地下漏失 | 由不纯石灰岩与砂页岩相间构成的岩溶山地地貌,山体浑圆,地表侵蚀为主,土层厚度超过50 cm,土被连续,无裸露岩石,植被发育茂盛,以乔木、灌木、地被植物3个层片构成,盖度超过70%。 |
轻度漏失 | 由不纯石灰岩构成的岩溶山地峰丛地貌,山体坡面平缓,顶部有少量石芽、角石等零星裸露,中下部土层连续,洼地中部地势平坦,无明显落水洞,经常开垦为耕地;基岩裸露率30%以下;植被覆盖度50%~70%,发育良好,灌草群落为主,少量乔木;土层厚度30~50 cm,洼地处更厚,有时超过1 m。 |
中度漏失 | 由不纯石灰岩与纯石灰岩构成的岩溶山地峰丛地貌为主,山体底部陡峭,中下部相对平缓,顶部地形相对平缓但石芽、角石出露,岩石分割土层,基岩裸露率最高50%,中下部地势相对平坦,但也有岩石出露,基岩裸露率30%~50%;洼地下部地势平缓,有耕地,最低处有不明显的落水洞,植被以灌丛为主,植被覆盖度30%~50%,层片2层。顶部土层厚度不足20 cm,中下部土层厚度20~30 cm,洼地处土层厚度有时达到30~50 cm,土被基本连续。 |
重度漏失 | 多以纯或较纯石灰岩构成的岩溶山地峰丛地貌为主,除山体下部有较连续的土被外,其余都是裸露岩石占据地表,少量黑色石灰土残存与裂隙或溶蚀坑、槽、穴中,溶蚀地貌发育旺盛,基岩裸露率>50%,甚至100%;植被覆盖度<30%,植被稀疏、低矮,灌草丛为主,土层厚度一般<20 cm,土被不连续,土壤侵蚀强烈;山体下部有溶洞,并有地下河通过,部分山洞塌陷形成天窗。 |
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