热带地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 906-914.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002897

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1960―2013 年华南沿海海洋站SST 变化及其影响因子

程泽梅,汤超莲,蔡 兵,沈东芳   

  1. (国家海洋局南海信息中心,广州 510300)
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-17 出版日期:2016-11-05 发布日期:2016-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 汤超莲(1976―),女,湖南邵阳人,高级工程师,主要从事物理海洋及海洋气象相关工作,(E-mail)15279840@qq.com
  • 作者简介:程泽梅(1987―),女,广东揭阳人,工程师,主要从事物理海洋相关工作,(E-mail)654984331@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    2014 年广东省福利彩票公益金资助项目(广东沿海极端天气事件及绝对海平面变化对人类生存环境和周边沿海城市安全带来的影响)

Influencing Factors of SST Variation along the South China Coast during 1960-2013

CHENG Zemei,TANG Chaolian,CAI Bing,SHEN Dongfang   

  1. (The South China Sea Information Center,State Oceanic Administration of China,Guangzhou 510300,China)
  • Received:2015-11-17 Online:2016-11-05 Published:2016-11-05

摘要:

根据 1960―2013 年华南沿海 7 个海洋站的实测海表温度(SST)及全球平均表面温度、太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)、ENSO、南海高压、华南沿海近海面风速等资料,采用线性回归、Yamamoto 突变检验、小波分析、相关分析等方法,研究了近 54 a 华南沿海 SST 时空变化及其影响因子,结果表明:1)近 54 a 华南沿海的年平均 SST呈准同步变化和显著增暖趋势,其气候倾向率为 0.08~0.17℃/10 a,平均为 0.12℃/10 a,以冬季增暖最为显著;2)SST 变化在 1997/1998 年出现突变现象;3)SST 变化有多时空尺度的变化特征,其中最显著的变化周期是 2~4 a的年际变化;4)SST 变化深受 ENSO 事件的影响,约滞后于 MEI 指数 2~4 个月;5)影响 SST 变化趋势的主要因子有全球气候变暖、PDO、南海高压、华南沿海近海面层风速等。

关键词: 海表温度, 气候变化, ENSO, 影响因子, 华南沿海

Abstract:

Sea Temperature is a conventional subject of ocean research, and sea surface temperature (SST) research is the focus in the study of ocean temperature, which is the most valuable ocean hydrological element in the research of oceanographic physics and global climate change. With the observational data of SST from seven Marine Environmental Monitoring Stations (MEMS) along South China coast, Global average surface temperature, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), SCSH index and sea surface wind-speed during the period 1960-2013, we used the methods of linear regression,Yamamoto mutation test,wavelet analysis and correlation analysis to analyze the relationship between SST and global climate change, temperature of South China coast, SST of the South China Sea and SCSH index along the South China coast over the past 54 years, we also discussed the reasons for warming hiatus phenomenon in South China coast during the period from 1998 to 2013. The conclusions were as follows: 1) The annually averaged SST of all the MEMS showed a quasi-synchronous changes and significant warming trend over the past 54 years, the climate had an tendency rate of 0.08-0.17℃/10 a, with an average of 0.12℃/10 a, the most significant warming was in winter (0.20℃/10 a), secondly in autumn (0.14℃/10a), and minimum in spring and summer (0.09℃/10 a, 0.08℃/10 a); 2) The mutation of SST occurred in 1997/1998; 3) The character of SST variation was multi-spatiotemporal, with the main cycle of 2-4 years; 4) SST changes were influenced by ENSO events, and lagged behind MEI index by about 2-4 months; 5) We also found that the main factors affecting SST were global warming, PDO, enhancement of the subtropical high and sea surface wind-speed along the South China coast.

Key words: sea surface temperature, climate change, ENSO, influencing factor, the South China coast