热带地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 34-47.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003004

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

广西都安地下河地质公园喀斯特景观特征 及其形成演化

韦跃龙,陈伟海,罗劬侃   

  1. (中国地质科学院 岩溶地质研究所,广西 桂林 541004)
  • 出版日期:2018-01-05 发布日期:2018-01-05
  • 作者简介:韦跃龙(1973―),男,广西武宣人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为地质遗迹资源开发,(E-mail)wylw2@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2015033);西南岩溶区1∶50 000地质填图试点(DD20160061);乌蒙山连片贫困缺水区1∶50 000水文地质调查(DD20160285)

Characteristics, Formation and Evolution of the Karst Landscape of the Du’an Underground River Geopark, Guangxi

WEI Yuelong,CHEN Weihai,LUO Qukan   

  1. (Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin 541004,China)
  • Online:2018-01-05 Published:2018-01-05

摘要: 在对都安地下河公园区域地质背景及喀斯特景观特征进行分析和研究的基础上,系统探讨了都安喀斯特及地苏地下河系、都安天窗群、峰丛峰林等典型喀斯特景观的形成演化过程,认为都安喀斯特正处于地下和地表喀斯特彼此制约,却又相互协调、同步共生的特殊发育时期;揭示了古近纪以来,暂时性地表流水、地表河等各种地表流水与地下河间,历经独立、袭夺、改道、相连等阶段,对应地下与地表喀斯特间,由地表地下各向分散独立成景→地表地下各向单一网络式成景→地表地下统一网络式成景,并逐渐形成彼此对应喀斯特景观的演化序列和过程。其中,地表喀斯特作用,由强→弱,由主角→配角,并从西北侧至东南侧逐渐演化、分异,形成高峰丛深洼地→中峰丛洼地→低峰丛洼地→高峰林谷地→低峰林谷地5种不同且依次过渡的地表喀斯特地貌;地下喀斯特作用,则由弱→强,配角→主角,逐渐形成庞大、复杂的地下河喀斯特地貌——地苏地下河系;地下与地表间,由彼此独立→整体相互制约、协同共生,并形成由500多个天窗组成的天窗群。因此,公园既是全球展现地下河喀斯特景观美景的杰出代表地之一,又是全球地下河喀斯特地貌演化的杰出范例,还是展示地下与地表喀斯间彼此制约,却又协同共生发育的典型参照地。

关键词: 地苏地下河系, 喀斯特景观, 地质公园, 广西都安

Abstract: According to the analysis and research of karst landscape characteristics and regional geological background, the Du’an karst and the formation of Disu Underground River system, Du’an karst window group, peak cluster and peak forest, etc. have been studied and discussed systematically. The research has found out the following results: 1) the development of Du’an karst is in such a special period: the surface and subsurface karst constricted each other but coordinated with each other and developed together with each other; 2) the temporary surface streams and subsurface rivers have experienced different developing periods: independence, capturing, diversion, and connection, therefore, the evolution series have been formed correspondingly as: individual and dispersed landscape→network landscape→uniform network landscape. The surface karst process changed from being intense to less intense, from leading role to supporting role, and evolved and differentiated gradually. At last, five kinds of surface karst landscapes, including high peak cluster-deep depression→middle peak cluster- depression→low peak cluster-depression→high peak forest-valley→low peak forest-valley, have been formed and transmitted gradually from northwest to southeast. Meanwhile, the subsurface karst process changed from being less intense to more intense, from supporting role to leading role, and formed grand and complicated underground karst landscape-Disu Underground System. From surface to subsurface, the landscapes changed from individual landscape to mutual constricted but coexisting whole, and formed a karst window group with over 500 karst windows. In a word, this geopark is not only one of the outstanding representatives of underground river karst landscape, but also an outstanding representative of the evolution of underground river karst landscape across the world. Moreover, this geopark could also be considered as a typical reference place to show the mutual constriction and coexistence of surface and subsurface karst.

Key words: Disu Underground River System, karst landscape, formation and evolution, Du’an in Guangxi