热带地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 67-81.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003304
李嘉欣1(), 郑卓1(
), 谷俊杰2, 马婷1, 易西兵2, 汤永杰1
收稿日期:
2020-04-26
修回日期:
2020-09-04
出版日期:
2021-01-05
发布日期:
2021-02-19
通讯作者:
郑卓
E-mail:hiheremihihe@hotmail.com;eeszzhuo@mail.sysu.edu.cn
作者简介:
李嘉欣(1990─),女,广东人,硕士研究生,研究方向为第四纪环境考古,(E-mail)基金资助:
Ka Ian Lei1(), Zhuo Zheng1(
), Junjie Gu2, Ting Ma1, Xibing Yi2, Yongjie Tang1
Received:
2020-04-26
Revised:
2020-09-04
Online:
2021-01-05
Published:
2021-02-19
Contact:
Zhuo Zheng
E-mail:hiheremihihe@hotmail.com;eeszzhuo@mail.sysu.edu.cn
摘要:
对广州市越秀区解放中路考古遗址剖面进行了年代学、岩性、硅藻和软体动物鉴定等研究,发现广州珠江北岸古城区南部在先秦时期为河道及河口湾湿地/洼地;因河流-河涌的淡水注入使河口盐度降低,故而沉积物中未见较高盐度的微体生物,仅发现了河口型咸水-半咸水硅藻;此时堆积的贝壳大多为淡水种,半咸水种少见,表明先秦(东周)时期,广州地区水域盐度与中全新世海湾环境完全不同。东周时期珠江两岸为河流淡水影响为主、与上溯潮水交汇的微咸水或淡水环境;地层中出土的大量淡水-微咸水贝壳,经AMS14C测年归于早于2500年前的渔猎文化盛行时食用废弃堆积,其后又被挖掘再堆填到后期的文化堆积中(如唐代城市扩张及清挖河涌)。秦至唐代该地逐渐成为人类频繁活动的地点,但仍为河流—潮汐相互影响下的洼地或河涌低地环境,与历史记录的唐代珠江岸线分布基本一致。宋代以后该区域已经暴露地表,并逐渐成为古代广州城区,期间可能受到多次洪水冲积。上述变化主要与全新世海平面变化、河流泥沙输入、土地利用与围垦等多方面影响有关,这些考古记录与广州古城演变吻合,与珠江三角洲地区晚全新世海退,以及平原淤积发展过程密切相关。
中图分类号:
李嘉欣, 郑卓, 谷俊杰, 马婷, 易西兵, 汤永杰. 广州城区晚全新世环境变迁与人类活动[J]. 热带地理, 2021, 41(1): 67-81.
Ka Ian Lei, Zhuo Zheng, Junjie Gu, Ting Ma, Xibing Yi, Yongjie Tang. Late Holocene Environmental Changes and Human Activity in Guangzhou City Area, China[J]. Tropical Geography, 2021, 41(1): 67-81.
表 1
解放中路考古遗址剖面AMS14C样品的测年结果"
实验室编号 | 样品号 | cm | a BP | 测试材料 | 校正日历年龄 | cal a BP | 对应朝代 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta-523034 | JF-L6 | 310~315 | 1 060 ±30 | 木屑 | (81.1%) 943—1024 AD | 1007—926 | 五代南汉—北宋 |
Beta-533213 | JF-L7-P | 355~360 | 1 210 ± 30 | 花粉提取物 | (84.0%) 764—891 AD | 1186—1059 | 唐(代宗—昭宗) |
Beta-523035 | JF-L7 | 380~385 | 2 350 ±30 | 贝壳 | (95.4%) 515—375 BC | 2464—2324 | 东周春秋战国 |
Beta-523036 | JF-L8 | 482~487 | 1 280 ± 30 | 木头 | (95.4%) 661—774 AD | 1289—1176 | 唐(高宗—代宗) |
Beta-533214 | JF-L9-P | 540~545 | 1 930±30 | 花粉提取物 | (95.4%) 4—130 AD | 1946—1820 | 西汉—东汉 |
Beta-523037 | JF-L9 | 555~560 | 2 300±30 | 贝壳 | (79.4%) 406—356 BC | 2355—2305 | 东周春秋战国 |
Beta-523038 | JF-L11 | 725~730 | 2 520 ± 30 | 贝壳 | (65.1%) 694—542 BC | 2643—2491 | 东周春秋战国 |
表2
解放中路考古遗址鉴定的主要软体动物种属"
中文名 | 拉丁名 | 出现层位 | 对应朝代 | 数量/个 |
---|---|---|---|---|
河蚬 | Corbicula fluminea (Müller) | L12—L5 | 春秋战国—宋 | 3 378 |
大蚬 | Cyrenobatissa subsulcata (Clessin) | L12—L5 | 春秋战国—宋 | 475 |
方形环棱螺 | Bellamya quadrata (Benson) | L10—L6 | 汉—宋 | 111 |
泥蚶 | Tegillarca granosa (Linneé) | L11—L7, L5 | 春秋战国—宋 | 101 |
毛蚶 | Scapharca subcrenata (Tokunaga) | L6 | 宋 | 35 |
牡蛎纲 | Ostreidae gen et sp. | L6 | 宋 | 19 |
蟹 | Brachyura | L6 | 宋 | 9 |
不等壳毛蚶 | Scapharca inaequivalvis (Bruguière) | L8, L6 | 唐—宋 | 6 |
花冠小月螺 | Lunella coronata (Gmelin) | L9—L7 | 唐—宋 | 4 |
线纹蜒螺 | Bullina lineata (Gray) | L9 | 唐 | 4 |
海月片 | Placuna placenta (Linnaeus) | L8—L7 | 唐—宋 | 4 |
青蚶 | Barbatia virescens (Reeve) | L10—L9 | 汉—唐 | 2 |
背瘤丽蚌 | Lamprotula Leai (Griffith et Pidgeon) | L7 | 宋 | 1 |
巨牡蛎属 | Crassostrea sp. | L6 | 宋 | 1 |
近江牡蛎 | Crassostrea rivularis (Gould) | L6 | 宋 | 1 |
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