南海海上搜救困难性评价

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003512

热带地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1138-1147.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003512

• 南海渔民生活空间 • 上一篇

南海海上搜救困难性评价

左潇懿¹(), 程亮¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 楚森森¹, 吴洁¹, 张雪东¹

^1.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用重点实验室，江苏省地理信息技术重点实验室，南京 210023
^2.中国南海研究协同创新中心，南京 210023
^3.江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心，南京 210023
^4.江苏省软件新技术与产业化协同创新中心，南京 210023

收稿日期:2021-03-24 修回日期:2021-09-19 出版日期:2022-07-05 发布日期:2022-07-23
通讯作者: 程亮 E-mail:kk7k2008@126.com;lcheng@nju.edu.cn
作者简介:左潇懿（1997―），女，安徽合肥人，硕士研究生，研究方向为南海遥感，（E-mail）kk7k2008@126.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0504205);国家自然科学基金(41622109)

Difficulty Assessment of Maritime Search and Rescue in the South China Sea

Xiaoyi Zuo¹(), Liang Cheng¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), Sensen Chu¹, Jie Wu¹, Xuedong Zhang¹

^1.Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
^2.Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing 210023, China
^3.Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
^4.Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2021-03-24 Revised:2021-09-19 Online:2022-07-05 Published:2022-07-23
Contact: Liang Cheng E-mail:kk7k2008@126.com;lcheng@nju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为保障船舶海上航行安全，结合GIS与模糊层次分析法，从海上搜救的自然环境和人文搜救力量2个方面选取9个因子建立海上搜救困难性评价模型，对南海海上搜救困难性进行评价。结果表明：1）自然环境影响下，南海海域搜救困难性具有“V”字形分布的特点，由东北向西南难度等级逐渐降低。2）在人文搜救力量影响下，南海海域的搜救困难性整体呈“东北－西南条带式”，难度最大的区域主要位于南海东北―西南的连线上，呈不规则环状向连线两侧递减。3）综合两方面因素，南海部分岛屿周围搜救难度偏高，主要受台风等恶劣天气及远离搜救基地的影响，而远海海域搜救难度在整体上为“东北－西南递减式”空间分布格局，最高和较高的区域由研究区东北延伸至西南，然后向西北、东南两侧递减。总体而言，南海研究区中近21.1%的海域搜救难度≥7级，仍需加强对搜救力量的部署与建设。

关键词: 南海, 海上搜救, 搜救困难性评价, 模糊层次分析法, 自然环境, 人文搜救力量

Abstract:

To ensure maritime search and rescue safety, this study combined a geographic information system and a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to map and evaluate the difficulties of maritime search and rescue in the South China Sea. To construct a maritime search and rescue difficulty index system, nine factors related to the natural environment and human power that may influence maritime search and rescue were selected, and difficulty indices were calculated according to the corresponding calculation method. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was then used to determine the weight of each index, and the linear weighting method was used to obtain the maritime search and rescue difficulty value of the South China Sea. The difficulty values were divided into 10 levels and the spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that: 1) under the influence of the natural environment, the difficulty of search and rescue in the sea area of the South China Sea had the characteristics of a V-shaped distribution, and the difficulty level gradually decreased from northeast to southwest. 2) Under the influence of humanistic search and rescue forces, the overall difficulty of search and rescue in the study area was the "NE-SW belt" type. The area with high difficulty levels was mainly located on the line connecting the northeast to the southwest of the study area, and the difficulty decreased in an irregular circle on both sides of the connecting line. 3) Considering these two factors, the difficulty of search and rescue was relatively high around some islands in the South China Sea, because of the influence of severe weather events, such as typhoons, and their large distance from the search and rescue base. The difficulty values in the far seas have "NE-SW decreasing" spatial distribution pattern, with the highest values in the areas extending from the northeast to the southwest of the study area, then decreasing to the northwest and southeast. According to statistics, approximately 21.1% of the sea areas in the South China Sea have search and rescue difficulties greater than level 6, and the construction of search and rescue forces should be optimized accordingly.

Key words: South China Sea, maritime search and rescue, difficulty assessment, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, natural environment, humanistic search and rescue force

中图分类号:

U676.83

左潇懿, 程亮, 楚森森, 吴洁, 张雪东. 南海海上搜救困难性评价[J]. 热带地理, 2022, 42(7): 1138-1147.

Xiaoyi Zuo, Liang Cheng, Sensen Chu, Jie Wu, Xuedong Zhang. Difficulty Assessment of Maritime Search and Rescue in the South China Sea[J]. Tropical Geography, 2022, 42(7): 1138-1147.

图/表 6

图1

表1

海上搜救困难性评价指标计算

困难性指标	指标描述	类型	计算方法
水深	对搜救作业造成困难的水深值/m	逆向	$D' = 20 D ≥ 0 ⋃ D < - 20 - D - 20 ≤ D < 0$ 式中：D $'$ 为水深指标值； $D$ 为水深值。
大风频次	一年中发生大风的天数/d	正向	$w i k' = 1 w i k > 11.7 0 w i k ≤ 11.7$ $T w k = ∑ i = 1 n w i k', i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $w i k 、 w i k'$ 分别为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 的风速值和对应为大风的二值变量； $T w k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的大风频次指标值； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
大浪频次	一年中发生大浪的天数/d	正向	$g i k' = 1 g i k > 4 0 g i k ≤ 4$ $T g k = ∑ i = 1 n g i k', i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $g i k 、 g i k'$ 分别为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 的浪高值和对应为大浪的二值变量； $T g k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的大浪频次指标值； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
雾	海雾的面积占比/%	正向	$F k = ∑ i = 1 n f i k n, i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $F k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的海雾指标值； $f i k$ 为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 中低云面积的百分比； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
降水量	日降水量值/mm	正向	$P k = ∑ i = 1 n p i k n, i = 1,2, … n$ 式中： $P k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的降水量指标值； $p i k$ 为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 的日降水量值（mm）； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
台风频次	发生台风的次数/次	正向	$t i k = 1 当台风 i 经过栅格单元 k 0 当台风 i 不经过栅格单元 k$ $T t k = ∑ i = 1 n t i k, i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $t i k$ 为判断台风 $i$ 是否经过栅格单元 $k$ 的二值变量； $T t k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的台风频次指标值； $n$ 为台风总个数。
距离海岸线、岛礁	到海岸线、岛礁的距离/m	正向	使用欧氏距离计算栅格单元到海岸线、岛礁或航线或港口、基地的最短距离。
距离航线	到主要航线的距离/m	正向
距离港口、基地	到主要港口、搜救基地的距离/m	正向

表1

图2

表2

图3

图4

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困难性级别	搜救困难性
困难性级别	自然环境下	人文搜救力量下	综合
1	13.8	1.5	0.1
2	30.4	5.2	4.3
3	20.4	10.3	14.2
4	16	16.7	17.7
5	8.3	19.4	22.3
6	5.8	19.1	20.3
7	3.3	14.2	12.5
8	1.8	8.7	4.6
9	0.1	4.3	3
10	0.1	0.6	1

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南海海上搜救困难性评价

Difficulty Assessment of Maritime Search and Rescue in the South China Sea

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