智慧城市建设是否促进了新型城镇化与市场一体化：鱼和熊掌不可兼得？

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003664

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

智慧城市建设会对城市发展和区域格局产生深刻影响，有必要探究其对新型城镇化与区域市场一体化的影响效应，为加快推进智慧城市建设提供经验证据。基于2005—2019年238个地级及以上城市面板数据，将国家智慧城市试点的设立视为一项准自然实验，运用双重差分法分析智慧城市建设对市场一体化的影响。研究发现：1）智慧城市建设虽能推动试点城市新型城镇化，却不利于城市间市场一体化；智慧城市建设加剧市场分割的特性在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。2）异质性分析表明，智慧城市建设对市场一体化的抑制作用，主要体现在低行政级别城市、中小城市和内陆城市范围内；在大城市和沿海城市，智慧城市建设对市场一体化具有促进作用。3）作用机制表明，缩小信息基础设施差距和公共支出差距，积极发展第二产业，既能发挥智慧城市建设对新型城镇化的积极作用，又能减弱对市场一体化的负面影响。

关键词: 智慧城市建设, 新型城镇化, 市场一体化, 双重差分法, 中国

Abstract:

Smart city construction will have a profound impact on urban development and regional pattern, and it is necessary to explore its impact on new urbanization and regional market integration, so as to provide empirical evidence for accelerating the construction of smart cities. Based on the panel data of 238 prefecture-level cities from 2005 to 2019, this study considers the establishment of the national smart city pilot as a quasi-natural experiment and includes it in the analysis of the factors influencing market integration. The multi-period difference method was used to empirically investigate the influence of smart city pilot construction on market integration at the prefecture-level city level. The conclusions are as follows. According to the calculation results, the degree of inter-city market segmentation in the whole sample period from 2005 to 2019 showed a trend of shock decline, except that the degree of inter-city market segmentation increased in 2008 and 2009. The benchmark regression results show that although smart city pilot construction can promote economic urbanization, social urbanization, and environmental urbanization of the pilot cities, it is not conducive to market integration among cities. The conclusion that smart city construction will intensify market segmentation remains valid even after a series of robustness tests. The influence of smart city construction on inter-city market integration varies according to city level, city size, and city location, which is mainly manifested in the fact that it significantly inhibits the market integration of low-level cities, small and medium-sized cities, and inland cities, and significantly promotes the market integration of big cities and coastal cities. The influence mechanism shows that narrowing the information infrastructure gap not only helps in playing the role of smart city construction in promoting the development of new urbanization but also promotes market integration among cities. Narrowing the gap in public expenditure is conducive to the promotion of smart city construction for social urbanization and alleviates market segmentation among cities. Promoting the development of secondary industries can enhance environmental urbanization and ease market segmentation. Therefore, in the context of building a national unified large market, the pilot construction of smart cities should pay full attention to the negative effects of the "digital divide" between regions, encourage some localities with conditions to strengthen the construction of smart cities independently, and prevent the "digital divide" between regions from widening. This study further enriches the research on the factors influencing market integration at the city level and simultaneously provides some references for urban digital transformation and the development of new urbanization.

Key words: smart city construction, new urbanization, market integration, double difference method, China

中图分类号:

F127

张晖, 张涵月, 李仁君. 智慧城市建设是否促进了新型城镇化与市场一体化：鱼和熊掌不可兼得？[J]. 热带地理, 2023, 43(4): 681-694.

Hui Zhang, Hanyue Zhang, Renjun Li. Does Smart City Construction Promote New Urbanization and Market Integration: Can We Have Both?[J]. Tropical Geography, 2023, 43(4): 681-694.

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变量符号	变量名称	样本数/个	平均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
seg	市场分割	3 570	0.034 9	0.029 6	0.007 69	0.458
smct	智慧城市	3 570	0.145	0.352	0	1
pop-urban	人口城镇化	3 570	0.495	0.17	0.099 5	1
eco-urban	经济城镇化	3 570	3.339	0.882	0.676	6.319
sco-urban	社会城镇化	3 570	9.605	0.888 2	6.461	11.99
env-urban	环境城镇化	3 570	0.019 4	0.066 6	0.000 084	2.928
open	对外开放	3 570	0.226	0.521	0.000 2	10.07
inform	信息基础	3 570	6.602	0.808	4.249	10.35
fin	金融发展	3 570	2.158	1.079	0.731	21.30
dense	经济密度	3 570	0.258	0.618	0.000 76	13.48
soe	国有化	3 570	0.474	0.196	0.015 9	1.000
gov	政府干预	3 570	0.657	0.654	0.041 2	10.94
indus	工业化水平	3 570	1.331	0.636	0.105	7.416
edu	教育水平	3 570	1.654	2.012	0.006 96	15.63
inter	通信网络	3 570	0.159	0.136	0.000 056	1.00

变量	pop_urban	eco_urban	sco_urban	env_urban	seg
smct	0.008 01（0.673 9）	0.031 41^*（0.017 4）	0.113 30^***（0.041 1）	-0.013 16^***（0.004 8）	0.003 96^***（0.00 15）
soe	-1.083 27（2.226 2）	0.0105 3（0.061 1）	0.006 37（0.127 5）	0.029 21（0.025 8）	0.002 77（0.005 3）
gov	77.944 69（128.690 1）	3.811 18（2.620 3）	-3.235 27（4.989 7）	-1.166 17^*（0.634 1）	-0.012 00（0.203 4）
indus	0.1044 8（0.310 1）	0.097 61^***（0.009 9）	0.113 59^***（0.022 1）	0.010 24^*（0.005 5）	0.001 56（0.001 0）
inform	0.461 54（0.455 7）	0.022 45^**（0.011 4）	0.0764 7^***（0.023 7）	0.001 11（0.001 9）	-0.002 80^***（0.000 9）
fin	-0.456 01（0.280 4）	-0.050 61^***（0.015 1）	-0.115 35^**（0.048 0）	-0.000 55（0.000 6）	-0.001 05^*（0.000 6）
dense	-0.687 35（0.915 1）	-0.103 08^***（0.022 5）	-0.108 26^*（0.056 6）	0.008 41^*（0.004 8）	0.001 47（0.001 9）
open	0.893 07（0.852 1）	-0.017 31（0.021 7）	0.061 82（0.052 0）	0.005 24（0.003 6）	-0.001 21（0.000 9）
edu	0.747 68^*（0.387 9）	0.003 80（0.008 5）	0.008 13（0.015 5）	0.001 97（0.002 7）	-0.001 35（0.001 5）
inter	-1.072 84（1.583 5）	-0.026 91（0.041 1）	0.003 38（0.104 0）	-0.005 31（0.005 2）	0.009 65^*（0.004 9）
城市固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
年份固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
观测值	3 570	3 570	3 570	3 570	3 570
R²	0.592	0.928	0.834	0.072	0.431

变量	eco-urban	sco-urban	env-urban	seg
d_4	0.004 41（0.011 2）	0.015 05（0.022 0）	0.008 19（0.011 7）	0.000 90（0.002 6）
d_3	0.006 64（0.013 5）	0.0148 8（0.030 0）	0.035 02（0.031 3）	0.002 11（0.002 4）
d_2	0.006 92（0.013 6）	0.027 06（0.024 9）	0.021 62（0.020 3）	0.001 89（0.002 0）
d_1	0.011 71（0.013 7）	0.033 95（0.024 5）	0.001 68（0.002 6）	-0.000 27（0.001 8）
d1	0.033 48^*（0.017 5）	0.104 50^***（0.032 6）	-0.001 83（0.001 7）	0.004 02^**（0.002 0）
d2	0.052 83^**（0.021 9）	0.140 27^***（0.046 6）	-0.005 60^***（0.002 1）	0.003 90^*（0.002 2）
d3	0.045 34^*（0.023 8）	0.119 25^**（0.055 6）	-0.007 34^***（0.002 5）	0.006 43^**（0.003 1）
d4	0.049 02^*（0.027 7）	0.096 68（0.065 3）	-0.009 26^**（0.003 6）	0.003 10（0.002 1）
控制变量	YES	YES	YES	YES
城市固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES
年份固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES
观测值	3 570	3 570	3 570	3 570
R²	0.915	0.835	0.079	0.430

变量	强度DID回归	缩短样本年份	剔除特殊城市	省-年固定效应
smct	—	0.003 01^*（0.001 74）	0.004 11^**（0.002 06）	0.003 39^**（0.001 50）
Dige×smct	0.002 15^**（0.000 84）	—	—	—
控制变量	YES	YES	YES	YES
城市固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES
年份固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES
省-年固定效应	NO	NO	NO	YES
观测值	2 115	2 618	3 120	3 570
R²	0.144	0.449	0.325	0.550

变量	干扰性政策	金融危机	改变处理组		工具变量
smct	0.003 79^**（0.001 48）	0.003 96^**（0.001 52）	0.004 15^**（0.001 8）	0.004 16^**（0.002 1）	0.028 79^*（0.014 9）
电商示范城市	控制	—	—	—	—
创新型城市	控制	—	—	—	—
宽带中国试点	控制	—	—	—	—
crisis	—	0.012 4^***（0.002 38）	—	—	—
控制变量	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
城市固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
年份固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
观测值	3 570	3 570	3 570	2 760	3 570
R²	0.433	0.431	0.431	0.341	0.230