热带地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 636-648.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003262
收稿日期:
2019-10-14
修回日期:
2020-03-24
出版日期:
2020-07-31
发布日期:
2020-08-11
作者简介:
朱芳(1986—),女,安徽安庆人,讲师,博士研究生,主要研究方向为社会文化地理,(E-mail)基金资助:
Fang Zhu1,2(), Qin Su1, Yun Tao2, Jinghong Shen2
Received:
2019-10-14
Revised:
2020-03-24
Online:
2020-07-31
Published:
2020-08-11
摘要:
日常生活环境和旅游目的地环境都可以为个体提供恢复的机会,不同环境的属性特征导致不同程度的恢复。为了探究环境类型与恢复性效应之间的关系及停留时间的调节作用,文章采用问卷调查方式,利用配对样本t检验和混合设计方差分析相结合的方法,探讨游客在不同环境中的恢复性效应,并对这一现象提供心理上的解释。结果表明:1)恢复体验的4个维度(放松体验、心理脱离、掌握体验、控制体验)在旅游目的地环境中的得分均高于日常生活环境。2)掌握和控制体验维度在城市旅游目的地中的变化程度高于乡村旅游目的地,两种类型目的地的放松和心理脱离维度差异较小。3)随着在目的地停留时间的延长,乡村旅游目的地放松体验和心理脱离维度变化程度高于城市旅游目的地,两种类型目的地环境恢复性效应会相互靠近。因此,游客的环境恢复性效应不仅受到环境和目的地类型的影响,同时还与游客的适应程度有关,且受到其停留时间的调节作用。
中图分类号:
朱芳, 苏勤, 陶云, 沈惊宏. 游客-环境互动视角下旅游者目的地环境恢复性效应[J]. 热带地理, 2020, 40(4): 636-648.
Fang Zhu, Qin Su, Yun Tao, Jinghong Shen. Environmental Restorative Effects of Destination for Tourists from the Perspective of Tourist-Environment Interaction[J]. Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(4): 636-648.
表1
受访者样本信息"
变量 | 分类 | 人数/人 | 比例/% |
---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 242 | 44.8 |
女 | 298 | 55.2 | |
年龄/岁 | ≤20 | 36 | 6.7 |
21~35 | 388 | 71.9 | |
36~50 | 64 | 11.9 | |
51~65 | 32 | 5.9 | |
>65 | 20 | 3.7 | |
文化程度 | 初中及以下 | 22 | 4.1 |
高中或中专 | 30 | 5.6 | |
大专 | 88 | 16.3 | |
本科 | 362 | 67.0 | |
硕士及以上 | 38 | 7.0 | |
职业 | 企业职工 | 156 | 28.9 |
个体工商户 | 128 | 23.7 | |
学生 | 78 | 14.4 | |
政府、事业单位职工 | 114 | 21.1 | |
其他 | 64 | 11.9 | |
人均月收入/元 | ≤3 000 | 60 | 11.1 |
3 001~4 500 | 88 | 16.3 | |
4 501~6 000 | 110 | 20.4 | |
6 001~7 500 | 78 | 14.4 | |
7 501~10 000 | 94 | 17.4 | |
10 001~15 000 | 72 | 13.3 | |
≥15 001 | 38 | 7.0 | |
旅行方式 | 独自出行 | 54 | 10.0 |
与家人或亲戚出行 | 214 | 39.6 | |
与朋友出行 | 254 | 47.0 | |
单位组团 | 6 | 1.1 | |
旅行社组团 | 12 | 2.2 |
表4
验证性因子分析"
努力—恢复 | 资源保存 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
变量 | 因子载荷 | 变量 | 因子载荷 | |
我感觉得到了休息 | 0.712 | 我能按照我喜欢的方式处理事情 | 0.751 | |
我努力让自己远离工作 | 0.753 | 我可以自己决定如何度过我的时间 | 0.756 | |
我根本没想过工作 | 0.760 | 我可以自己决定日程 | 0.863 | |
我甚至忘了工作 | 0.728 | 我可以自己决定做什么 | 0.757 | |
我主动花费时间休闲 | 0.632 | 我做了一些开阔视野的事情 | 0.640 | |
我充分利用这段时间放松 | 0.895 | 我做了一些挑战自我的事情 | 0.760 | |
我做了一些放松的事情 | 0.661 | 我寻求智力上的挑战 | 0.873 | |
我学到了新的知识 | 0.757 | |||
整体拟合优度(GoF) | AVE | 0.546 | AVE | 0.597 |
CR | 0.922 | CR | 0.963 | |
X2/df | 2.67 | X2/df | 2.82 | |
GFI | 0.966 | GFI | 0.955 | |
CFI | 0.912 | CFI | 0.901 | |
RMSEA | 0.078 | RMSEA | 0.079 |
表6
环境、目的地类型与停留时间的交互效应"
变量 | 均值(S.D.) | Levene’s Test F值 | Box’s Test F值 | Wilk’s Lambda | F值 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
城市旅游目的地 | 乡村旅游目的地 | |||||||||
S(n=132) | L(n=124) | S(n=146) | L(n=138) | |||||||
努力-恢复 | 旅游目的地 | 3.95(1.52) | 3.92(1.55) | 3.95(1.45) | 4.00(1.51) | 1.49 | 2.35 | 0.989 | 4.62* | |
日常环境 | 3.41(1.60) | 3.67(1.73) | 3.65(1.59) | 3.58(1.52) | 1.99 | — | — | — | ||
资源保存 | 旅游目的地 | 4.06(1.53) | 3.83(1.48) | 3.98(1.49) | 3.91(1.42) | 1.52 | 2.42 | 0.997 | 6.78* | |
日常环境 | 3.62(1.50) | 3.60(1.59) | 3.78(1.48) | 3.74(1.44) | 1.69 | — | — | — | ||
恢复性效应 | 旅游目的地 | 4.01(1.38) | 3.88(1.43) | 3.97(1.35) | 3.96(1.41) | 1.62 | 2.52 | 0.998 | 6.12* | |
日常环境 | 3.52(1.51) | 3.64(1.52) | 3.72(1.43) | 3.65(1.42) | 1.47 | — | — | — |
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