热带地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 694-708.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003255
周胜男1,2,4(), 施祺1,2(
), 郭华雨5, 杨红强1,2,3, 严宏强1,2
收稿日期:
2019-10-11
修回日期:
2019-12-30
出版日期:
2020-07-31
发布日期:
2020-08-11
通讯作者:
施祺
E-mail:zhousn@scsio.ac.cn;shiqi@scsio.ac.cn
作者简介:
周胜男(1993—),女,安徽宿州人,博士研究生,主要从事海洋地质研究,(E-mail)基金资助:
Shengnan Zhou1,2,4(), Qi Shi1,2(
), Huayu Guo5, Hongqiang Yang1,2,3, Hongqiang Yan1,2
Received:
2019-10-11
Revised:
2019-12-30
Online:
2020-07-31
Published:
2020-08-11
Contact:
Qi Shi
E-mail:zhousn@scsio.ac.cn;shiqi@scsio.ac.cn
摘要:
通过对南沙群岛永暑礁、西门礁和安达礁3个砾洲结合现场实测数字高度模型(DEM)的遥感影像分析,重建了2011(2009)、2013、2015、2017年4个时段的砾洲DEM,分析揭示出珊瑚礁砾洲不同时段的地形地貌特征及其演变过程。结果显示:2009—2017年间,安达礁砾洲以侵蚀为主,砾洲不断缩小,平均高度、面积和体积呈下降趋势;2011—2017年间,永暑礁砾洲以水平和垂直加积为主,砾洲不断扩大增高,平均高度、面积和体积呈增长趋势;西门礁砾洲以水平加积为主,面积呈增大趋势,而平均高度呈下降趋势,体积变化趋势不明显。2011—2017年间,永暑礁和西门礁砾洲呈现向东或东南礁坪内侧潟湖方向的移动,而安达礁砾洲2009—2017年间则向西北方向礁坪外侧移动,移动距离明显大于永暑礁和西门礁砾洲。3个砾洲的演变主要受季风浪和台风浪的控制,表现为砾洲缩减向礁坪外侧迁移和砾洲扩展向礁坪内侧潟湖迁移的2种不同演变模式,这与砾洲各自所在礁坪在珊瑚环礁中的位置,以及礁坪形态造成的礁坪水动力环境的差异有关。南沙群岛珊瑚礁砾洲地貌的演变为深入研究南海珊瑚礁灰沙岛地貌发育演化及动力机制提供了重要的科学基础。
中图分类号:
周胜男, 施祺, 郭华雨, 杨红强, 严宏强. 2009—2017年南沙群岛珊瑚礁砾洲演变[J]. 热带地理, 2020, 40(4): 694-708.
Shengnan Zhou, Qi Shi, Huayu Guo, Hongqiang Yang, Hongqiang Yan. Evolution of Coral Shingle Cays in the Nansha Islands during 2009-2017[J]. Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(4): 694-708.
表3
砾洲4个时段遥感重建DEM基本地形参数(基于MHWS)"
礁区 | 时间 | 长度/m | 宽度/m | 长轴方向 | 短轴方向 | 平均 高度/m | 最大 高度/m | 外侧坡 度/(°) | 内侧坡 度/(°) | 面积/m2 | 体积/m3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
安 达 礁 | 2009-09-29 | 106 | 46 | NE—SW | NW—SE | 0.43 | 1.53 | 26.4 | 13.6 | 2 005 | 869 |
2013-08-17 | 203 | 7 | NE—SW | NW—SE | 0.39 | 1.08 | 20.8 | 10.5 | 2 059 | 794 | |
2015-04-11 | 131 | 14 | NE—SW | NW—SE | 0.46 | 1.13 | 23.0 | 7.5 | 1 558 | 715 | |
2017-05-16 | 26 | 8 | NE—SW | NW—SE | 0.11 | 0.37 | 20.9 | 7.2 | 142 | 15 | |
西 门 礁 | 2011-08-10 | 44 | 19 | E—W | S—N | 0.42 | 0.86 | 13.3 | 10.5 | 871 | 374 |
2013-04-28 | 50 | 11 | E—W | S—N | 0.28 | 0.87 | 18.1 | 16.6 | 2 569 | 212 | |
2015-04-11 | 67 | 20 | E—W | S—N | 0.26 | 0.72 | 16.4 | 3.9 | 1 138 | 295 | |
2017-06-05 | 130 | 14 | S—N | E—W | 0.30 | 0.83 | 15.6 | 5.6 | 1 749 | 519 | |
永 暑 礁 | 2011-04-11 | 51 | 34 | E—W | S—N | 0.46 | 0.92 | 15.5 | 3.5 | 1 580 | 702 |
2013-10-26 | 88 | 28 | NNE—SSW | NWW—SEE | 0.41 | 1.21 | 29.4 | 6.7 | 2 448 | 938 | |
2015-10-24 | 110 | 34 | NNE—SSW | NWW—SEE | 0.44 | 1.01 | 22.1 | 5.3 | 3 443 | 1 479 | |
2017-04-22 | 102 | 28 | NE—SW | NW—SE | 0.55 | 1.37 | 15.0 | 6.7 | 2 566 | 1 369 |
表4
4个时段砾洲质心位移距离和方向"
时间 | 安达礁 | 时间 | 西门礁 | 时间 | 永暑礁 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
距离/m | 月速率/m | 方向 | 方位角/(°) | 距离/m | 月速率/m | 方向 | 方位角/(°) | 距离/m | 月速率/m | 方向 | 方位角/(°) | |||||
2009—2013年 | 109.55 | 2.4 | NW | 302.5 | 2011—2013年 | 16.26 | 0.8 | SE | 147.6 | 2011—2013年 | 28.48 | 0.9 | E | 85.9 | ||
2013—2015年 | 41 | 2.1 | NW | 316.8 | 2013—2015年 | 17.94 | 0.8 | SE | 116.3 | 2013—2015年 | 4.08 | 0.2 | N | 351.9 | ||
2015—2017年 | 68.16 | 2.7 | SW | 246.5 | 2015—2017年 | 29.27 | 1.1 | S | 184.1 | 2015—2017年 | 13.71 | 0.8 | SE | 104.6 | ||
2009—2017年 | 193.1 | 2.1 | NW | 288.6 | 2011—2017年 | 55.71 | 0.8 | SE | 156 | 2011—2017年 | 41.18 | 0.6 | E | 86.4 |
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