关键词: 粤港澳大湾区, 港口群, 航运网络, 港口吞吐量, 社会网络分析

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the internal hierarchical structure of the port group in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the external connection patterns of the region. This article considers the Greater Bay Area port cluster as its research object, uses regional container port throughput data , global shipping network route data, and social network analysis methods to study the relative indicators of the cluster's internal port throughput. The results show that: (1) the total port throughput of the Greater Bay Area increased by 32.3% from 2007 to 2020, and reached 72.94 million TEU(Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) in 2020, accounting for 9.2% worldwide and 28.3% for China. Among them, Shenzhen and Guangzhou ports are experiencing rapid growth. The port group of the Greater Bay Area occupies an important position in national and global maritime markets. (2) In terms of participation in the global shipping network, the Greater Bay Area has emerged as a hierarchical structure with Shenzhen and Hong Kong ports as the core in the eight global shipping regions. The Greater Bay Area has the closest connection with East and Southeast Asia, while its routes to Europe, America, Africa, and other regions are limited to the direct connection between regional core ports. (3) Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Guangzhou within the Greater Bay Area port group will be firmly established, and their major businesses will be developed simultaneously. Shenzhen port, an international container transport hub in Hong Kong, a foreign trade port and a comprehensive domestic trade port in Guangzhou, and other regional ports, such as Zhuhai and Dongguan, will be jointly developed. The rapid development of the port group in the Greater Bay Area has provided important support to the country's construction of the 21^st-century Maritime Silk Road Economic Belt. It has formed a multi-level structure with Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Guangzhou as the core, and the leading ports play an important role in the internal market and external shipping links. In the future, the positioning and regional coordinated development among Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou ports will become the key to the overall competitiveness of the port group in the Greater Bay Area. In future development, the regional integration of port groups will surpass the competitive pattern among them. Instead of competing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong should break down barriers and integrate port resources to combine the advantages and allocate them efficiently. The port group of the Greater Bay Area urgently needs to adjust its internal development pattern to meet the unknown opportunities and challenges of globalization.

Key words: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, port group, shipping network, port throughput, social network analysis