基于结构方程模型的南方丘陵山地农户福祉与生态系统服务关系——以广东省乐昌市为例

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003266

热带地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 843-855.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003266

基于结构方程模型的南方丘陵山地农户福祉与生态系统服务关系——以广东省乐昌市为例

熊鹰¹^,²(), 侯珂伦¹^,², 郑偲睿², 张坤², 杨天浩², 赵丹丹³, 孙冰⁴, 陈雷⁴

^1.黄冈师范学院地理与旅游学院，黄冈 438000
^2.长沙理工大学资源环境与城乡规划研究中心，长沙 410076
^3.湖南财政经济学院工程管理学院，长沙 410004
^4.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所，广州 510520

收稿日期:2020-02-12 修回日期:2020-04-24 出版日期:2020-09-28 发布日期:2020-10-10
作者简介:熊鹰（1977―），男，湖南汉寿人，教授，博士，主要从事城乡人居环境可持续发展研究，（E-mail）csustxy@126.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505606);国家社会科学基金项目(15BJY051)

Relationship between Farmer's Well-Being and Ecosystem Services in Hilly and Mountainous Areas of South China Based on Structural Equation Model: A Case Study of Lechang in Guangdong Province

Ying Xiong¹^,²(), Kelun Hou¹^,², Sirui Zheng², Kun Zhang², Tianhao Yang², Dandan Zhao³, Bing Sun⁴, Lei Chen⁴

^1.College of Geography and Tourism, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
^2.Research Center of Resource Environment and Urban Planning, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China
^3.School of Engineering Management, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha 410004, China
^4.Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2020-02-12 Revised:2020-04-24 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以农户福祉和生态系统服务关系为研究视角，选取地处南方丘陵山地重点生态功能区的广东省乐昌市的8个地形地貌相似、但发展存有差异的村庄为研究对象，基于实地调研、问卷访谈等，采用模糊综合评价法对其2005及2018年农户福祉发展水平进行综合评价；并利用结构方程模型，对农户福祉与生态系统服务之间的关系进行耦合分析。结果表明：1）2005—2018年，农户福祉水平各指标均有一定程度的提升，其中农户收入水平、居住条件等显著增加，其评价值分别由2005年的0.294和0.245增加到2018年的0.385和0.422，同时农户对生态保护的意识逐渐加强。2）农户对生态系统服务功能的认识程度整体呈上升趋势，特别是对文化服务功能的感知有较大的提升，其感知值由2005年的0.251增加到2018年的0.370。3）生态系统四大服务功能与农户福祉水平均存在一定的耦合关系，其中供给服务、文化服务与农户福祉的关系密切。4）加强提升生态系统的文化服务能力，大力发展“特色种植＋林下经济＋生态旅游”等低影响经济发展模式，有利于生态系统服务维护与农户福祉的提高，促进重点生态功能区生态环境和农村经济社会的持续发展。

关键词: 农户福祉, 生态系统服务, 结构方程模型, 南方丘陵山地, 乐昌市

Abstract:

The south hilly and mountainous area is an important ecological functional area in China. As the main economic activity subject, farmers' perception of ecosystem services directly affects the eco-environment behavior, economic production activities, social life style and so on. The contribution of well-being is the core of ecosystem services. In order to explore the relationship between farmers' well-being and ecosystem services and promote the healthy development of ecosystem, eight villages in Lechang city of Guangdong Province, which are located in the key ecological functional areas of hilly and mountainous areas in south China, are selected as the research objects. Based on field survey and questionnaire interview, the structural equation model was used to comprehensively analyze the relationship between the development level of rural communities and farmers' welfare and the changes in ecosystem services, emphasizing the changes in that occurred between 2005 and 2018. The results show the following: 1) From 2005 to 2018, the well-being level of farmers has somewhat improved. The income level and living conditions of farmers have increased significantly; their evaluation values have increased from 0.294 and 0.245 in 2005 to 0.385 and 0.422 in 2018, respectively. Meanwhile, the awareness of farmers on ecological protection has been gradually strengthened. 2) The awareness of the four major service functions of the system is rising; particularly, the degree of understanding of cultural service functions and support service functions has improved significantly. The perceived value of farmers increased from 0.251 in 2005 to 0.370 in 2018. 3) The four service functions of the ecosystem have a certain coupling relationship with the level of community development, among which the relationship between supply services, cultural services and farmers' well-being is close. 4) To enhance the cultural service capacity of the ecosystem and develop the low impact economic development mode is conducive to the maintenance of ecosystem services and the improvement of farmers' well-being, and promote the sustainable development of ecological environment and rural socio-economic in key ecological function areas.

Key words: farmers' well-being, ecosystem services, structural equation model, hilly and mountainous area of south China, Lechang City

中图分类号:

F327

熊鹰, 侯珂伦, 郑偲睿, 张坤, 杨天浩, 赵丹丹, 孙冰, 陈雷. 基于结构方程模型的南方丘陵山地农户福祉与生态系统服务关系——以广东省乐昌市为例[J]. 热带地理, 2020, 40(5): 843-855.

Ying Xiong, Kelun Hou, Sirui Zheng, Kun Zhang, Tianhao Yang, Dandan Zhao, Bing Sun, Lei Chen. Relationship between Farmer's Well-Being and Ecosystem Services in Hilly and Mountainous Areas of South China Based on Structural Equation Model: A Case Study of Lechang in Guangdong Province[J]. Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(5): 843-855.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

农户福祉发展度量指标体系及2005与2018年福祉水平变化

功能性活动及指标	指标分量	平均值		模糊评价值
功能性活动及指标	指标分量	2005年	2018年	2005年	2018年
生活（ξ₁）	—	—	—	0.261	0.317
生活适应性（x₁）	生活适应性	4.216	3.968	0.549	0.574
收入（x₂）	收入水平、收入稳定与来源	2.093	3.090	0.294	0.385
消费（x₃）	消费水平、消费能力	1.675	3.177	0.279	0.317
生活便利（x₄）	水电、交通、医院、上学、购物	1.617	3.058	0.225	0.330
社会保障与福利（x₅）	医疗保险、养老保险、低保	1.927	2.134	0.191	0.261
基础设施与生产资料（ξ₂）	—	—	—	0.234	0.251
耕地数量、质量（x₆）	耕地数量、质量	3.644	3.790	0.412	0.429
养殖种类与规模（x₇）	养殖状况	1.160	1.132	0.161	0.154
资源可达性（x₈）	农业肥料购买与运输	2.057	2.910	0.213	0.290
农田基础设施（x₉）	农田水利、道路	2.777	3.663	0.285	0.317
健康（ξ₃）	—	—	—	0.412	0.436
身体健康（x₁₀）	是否有疾病、能否正常劳动	4.178	4.378	0.435	0.460
心理健康（x₁₁）	正常思考、认知能力	5.186	5.270	0.359	0.391
饮食健康（x₁₂）	蔬菜和肉类消费	4.703	4.835	0.390	0.409
期望寿命（x₁₃）	期望寿命满意度	6.160	6.028	0.530	0.527
安全（ξ₄）	—	—	—	0.297	0.365
粮食安全（x₁₄）	粮食产量和结构	3.374	3.646	0.310	0.334
饮用水安全（x₁₅）	饮用水源和供给	5.009	5.130	0.388	0.403
垃圾与污水处理（x₁₆）	垃圾与污水处理	3.266	4.096	0.262	0.317
居住安全（x₁₇）	面积、结构、装修	2.432	4.586	0.245	0.422
家庭关系和社区活动（ξ₅）	—	—	—	0.382	0.397
家庭负担指数（x₁₈）	家庭负担满意度	3.444	3.718	0.273	0.298
家庭关系（x₁₉）	家庭和睦、亲戚关系	5.803	5.827	0.488	0.493
邻里关系（x₂₀）	融洽、愿意交往	5.707	5.484	0.419	0.491
社区融入感（x₂₁）	社区融入感、认同感	5.172	4.331	0.390	0.373
自由与选择权利（ξ₆）	—	—	—	0.312	0.325
选举公平（x₂₂）	农村选举权、大事知晓	3.626	3.360	0.280	0.304
补助补贴公平（x₂₃）	补助、补贴公平公正	3.345	3.339	0.353	0.375
总模糊指数	—	—	—	0.298	0.387

表2

表3

图2

图3

图4

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项目	类别		人数	占比/%
人口学特征	性别	男	229	52.05
	性别	女	211	47.95
	民族	汉族	440	100.00
	民族	少数民族	0	0.00
	年龄/岁	18~30	78	17.73
		31~40	62	14.09
		41~50	145	32.95
		51~60	106	24.09
		＞60	49	11.14
	受教育程度	未上学	0	0.00
		小学	105	23.86
		初中	176	40.00
		高中	159	36.14
访谈信息特征	农村居民收入来源		种植业收入（含经济作物、林果收入），旅游餐饮业收入，打工收入
	人均年收入/万元		1.1
	户均耕地面积/hm²		0.21
	农民对耕地质量的总体认识/%		好	21.35
			较好	69.79
			较差	6.5
	农民对人居环境的总体认识/%		差	4.69
			一般	61.98
			好	33.07

生态系统服务	感知得分		感知指数
生态系统服务	2005年	2018年	2005年	2018年
供给服务（η₁）	—	—	0.404	0.449
提供食物（y₁）	4.253	3.711	0.418	0.455
提供非食物产品（y₂）	4.335	4.160	0.429	0.453
提供水源（y₃）	3.690	3.847	0.376	0.386
调节服务（η₂）	—	—	0.391	0.412
防风（y₄）	4.351	4.709	0.425	0.437
气候调节（y₅）	3.948	4.387	0.393	0.434
水源涵养（y₆）	4.701	4.890	0.435	0.457
控制侵蚀（y₇）	4.149	4.340	0.349	0.360
文化服务（η₃）	—	—	0.251	0.370
休闲和养生（y₈）	2.454	2.701	0.269	0.295
生态旅游（y₉）	2.048	2.115	0.243	0.259
支持服务（η₄）	—	—	0.380	0.406
净化空气（y₁₀）	5.324	5.428	0.411	0.428
保持生物多样性（y₁₁）	3.974	4.342	0.367	0.394
森林碳汇（y₁₂）	4.915	5.016	0.376	0.409
总体感知指数	—	—	0.356	0.417

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