热带地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 385-395.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003458
收稿日期:
2021-02-28
修回日期:
2021-06-23
出版日期:
2022-03-05
发布日期:
2022-03-21
通讯作者:
马凌
E-mail:1439407872@qq.com;maria_ma1977@126.com
作者简介:
谢圆圆(1996-),女,广东湛江人,硕士研究生,研究方向为城市与知识移民,(E-mail)1439407872@qq.com;
基金资助:
Yuanyuan Xie1(), Jinhao Li1, Ling Ma1,2,3(
)
Received:
2021-02-28
Revised:
2021-06-23
Online:
2022-03-05
Published:
2022-03-21
Contact:
Ling Ma
E-mail:1439407872@qq.com;maria_ma1977@126.com
摘要:
随着城市知识经济转型,各个城市越来越重视对知识人才包括青年知识人才的吸引。以广州市高校大学生为例,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,从城市与个人的双重视角探讨高校青年知识移民就业城市选择的特点及其影响因素。研究发现:1)青年知识移民总体上倾向于选择其本科或研究生就读地所在的城市和比其户籍地与就读地更高等级的城市(如一线、新一线城市)就业,这反映了他们向上空间流动和社会流动的意愿与动机;2)他们的就业流动是城市因素和个人因素共同作用的结果,其影响因素主要包括城市经济、城市环境、城市政策与城市文化,以及青年知识移民来源地的户籍类型与户籍地的城市等级等;3)城市经济发展(工作机会)是吸引高校青年知识移民的最重要因素,但与此同时,生存舒适度(生活机会)在青年知识移民的就业流动过程中所起的作用愈发重要,城市环境建设需要关注公共文化设施、社会舒适程度、交通便利程度、卫生服务设施以及城市自然环境和居住环境等方面的问题。个人因素方面,高校青年知识移民来源地的户籍类型与户籍地的城市等级对其就业流动决策具有显著的影响作用。细致探究青年知识移民就业流动规律及其影响因素是新时期理解和建构基于中国语境的知识型人才流动理论的需要,也是人才政策制定与知识人才实现自身价值的关键。
中图分类号:
谢圆圆, 李锦昊, 马凌. 青年知识移民就业城市选择及其影响因素[J]. 热带地理, 2022, 42(3): 385-395.
Yuanyuan Xie, Jinhao Li, Ling Ma. Determinants of Employment City Selection of Young Intellectual Migrants: A Case Study of Guangzhou University Graduates[J]. Tropical Geography, 2022, 42(3): 385-395.
表1
青年知识移民的就业城市等级与个体因素交叉分析
影响因素 | 一线城市 | 新一线城市 | 二线城市 | 三线城市 | 四线城市 | 五线城市 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 175(72.02%) | 36(14.81%) | 13(5.35%) | 17(7.00%) | 0(0.00%) | 2(0.82%) |
女 | 273(66.59%) | 94(22.93%) | 18(4.39%) | 21(5.12%) | 4(0.98%) | 2(0.31%) | |
年龄/岁 | 20~23 | 189(68.20%) | 53(19.34%) | 12(4.38%) | 18(6.57%) | 1(0.36%) | 1(0.36%) |
24~27 | 173(69.20) | 54(21.60) | 11(4.10%) | 10(4.00%) | 1(0.40%) | 1(0.40%) | |
28~30 | 88(66.67%) | 23(17.83%) | 8(6.20%) | 10(7.75%) | 2(1.55%) | 0(0.00%) | |
户籍地的城市等级 | 一线城市 | 109(91.60%) | 8(6.72%) | 0(0.00%) | 2(1.68%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) |
新一线城市 | 41(51.25%) | 36(45.00%) | 2(2.50%) | 1(1.25%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | |
二线城市 | 28(57.14%) | 6(12.24%) | 13(26.53%) | 2(4.08%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | |
三线城市 | 186(67.88%) | 46(16.79%) | 11(4.01%) | 31(11.31%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | |
四线城市 | 70(65.42%) | 27(25.23%) | 3(2.80%) | 1(0.93%) | 4(3.74%) | 2(1.87%) | |
五线城市 | 14(58.33%) | 7(29.17%) | 2(8.33%) | 1(4.17%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | |
院校层次 | 专科院校 | 32(66.67%) | 10(20.83%) | 3(6.25%) | 3(6.25%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) |
普通本科 | 175(67.31%) | 59(22.69%) | 11(4.23%) | 15(5.77%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | |
重点本科 | 199(68.86%) | 47(16.26%) | 18(6.23%) | 19(6.57%) | 4(1.38%) | 2(0.69%) | |
985、211 | 45(80.36%) | 10(17.86%) | 1(1.79%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | |
户籍类型 | 城镇 | 223(73.36%) | 52(17.11%) | 14(4.61%) | 13(4.28%) | 1(0.33%) | 1(0.33%) |
农村 | 225(64.47%) | 78(22.35%) | 17(4.87%) | 25(7.16%) | 3(0.86%) | 1(0.29%) | |
专业类别 | 理科 | 252(66.14%) | 84(22.05%) | 17(4.46%) | 23(6.04%) | 4(1.05%) | 1(0.26%) |
文科 | 76(73.79%) | 16(15.53%) | 5(4.85%) | 5(4.85%) | 0(0.00%) | 1(0.97%) | |
工科 | 120(71.01%) | 30(17.75%) | 9(5.33%) | 10(5.92%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) | |
是否 独生子女 | 是 | 121(69.94%) | 31(17.92%) | 7(4.05%) | 14(8.09%) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) |
否 | 327(68.13%) | 99(20.63%) | 24(5.00%) | 24(5.00%) | 4(0.83%) | 2(0.42%) |
表3
有序Logistic回归模型分析结果汇总
因变量阈值 | [理想就业城市等级=6] | -6.676 | 0.876 1 | -7.620 | 58.066 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000~0.007 |
[理想就业城市等级=5] | -5.568 | 0.659 0 | -8.450 | 71.401 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.001~0.014 | |
[理想就业城市等级=4] | -3.501 | 0.538 4 | -6.503 | 42.289 | 0.000 | 0.030 | 0.011~0.087 | |
[理想就业城市等级=3] | -2.908 | 0.529 0 | -5.450 | 30.213 | 0.000 | 0.055 | 0.019~0.154 | |
[理想就业城市等级=2] | -1.616 | 0.518 5 | -3.116 | 9.708 | 0.002 | 0.199 | 0.072~0.549 | |
自变量 | [性别=0.00] | 0.135 | 0.189 4 | 0.711 | 0.506 | 0.477 | 1.144 | 0.789~1.658 |
[性别=1.00] | 0a | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
[户籍类型=0.00] | 0.414 | 0.194 8 | 0.892 | 0.795 | 0.034 | 1.512 | 1.032~2.216 | |
[户籍类型=1.00] | 0a | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
[专业类别=1] | -0.355 | 0.259 4 | -0.392 | 0.154 | 0.171 | 0.701 | 0.422~1.166 | |
[专业类别=2] | -0.225 | 0.299 6 | -0.602 | 0.362 | 0.452 | 0.798 | 0.444~1.436 | |
[专业类别=3] | 0a | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
[是否独生子女=0.00] | -0.234 | 0.220 4 | -0.445 | 0.198 | 0.288 | 0.791 | 0.514~1.219 | |
[是否独生子女=1.00] | 0a | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
年龄 | -0.030 | 0.111 7 | -0.253 | 0.064 | 0.800 | 0.971 | 0.771~1.222 | |
院校层次 | -0.002 | 0.117 5 | -0.000 | 0.000 | 0.990 | 0.998 | 0.793~1.257 | |
户籍地的城市等级 | 0.197 | 0.062 6 | 3.154 | 9.949 | 0.002 | 0.821 | 0.726~0.928 | |
城市环境 | 0.127 | 0.054 2 | 2.338 | 5.467 | 0.019 | 1.136 | 1.021~1.263 | |
城市经济 | 0.384 | 0.127 2 | 3.017 | 9.100 | 0.003 | 0.681 | 0.531~0.874 | |
城市政策 | 0.105 | 0.050 5 | 2.071 | 4.289 | 0.038 | 0.901 | 0.816~0.994 | |
城市文化 | 0.059 | 0.052 2 | 1.134 | 1.285 | 0.257 | 1.061 | 0.958~1.175 |
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