城市网络关系中的广州、深圳城市功能研究
郭磊贤(1988—),男,河南林州人,工程师,博士,主要研究方向为特大城市地区发展与规划,(E-mail)guoleixian@aliyun.com; |
收稿日期: 2020-06-02
修回日期: 2020-08-03
网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
基金资助
国家重点研发计划资助(2019YFB2103101)
自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室开放基金资助课题(KF-2018-03-059)
深圳市城市规划设计研究院有限公司科研项目
Urban Functions of Guangzhou and Shenzhen Focusing on the City Network Relationship: A Comparative Analysis on the Original Places of Air Passenger Flow
Received date: 2020-06-02
Revised date: 2020-08-03
Online published: 2021-04-20
基于对城市功能映射于城市网络的理论认识,以城市间航空客流为中介,借助百度地图慧眼位置信息服务(LBS)大数据,采取比较广州、深圳航空客流来源地城市的功能特征,以及来自北京、上海两座特大型城市的广州、深圳航空客流在北京、上海两市中就业地所在城区的功能特征等两种途径,反向判断广州、深圳在中国城市网络中体现的总体功能特征倾向。结果表明:1)广州表现出行政管理、商贸等功能特征倾向;2)深圳的科技创新、金融与高新制造功能特征相对显著;3)深圳较广州在基于生产者服务业的中国城市网络中具有更高等级节点地位。文章采用的利用人口定位大数据从城市网络中灵活提取城市功能特征的方法,可作为对以经济产业类为统计数据进行城市功能研究的补充。
郭磊贤 , 吴晓莉 , 郭晓芳 , 周雪君 , 阚长城 . 城市网络关系中的广州、深圳城市功能研究[J]. 热带地理, 2021 , 41(2) : 229 -242 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003323
Over the past forty years of reform and opening up, the urban center system in the Pearl River Delta Region has been rapidly restructured. Its two central cities, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, have been fiercely competing in the field of economic development. Dealing with the functional positioning of the two cities has constituted a long-term concern for regional planning and policy making. Under the new circumstances of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, there is an urgent need to clarify the functional positioning of the two central cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Further, there is a need to coordinate the relationship between competition and cooperation, the premise of which lies in the dynamic and accurate identification of urban functional characteristics. Previous studies directly used economic and industrial statistical data to study and analyze urban functions. However, due to the relative low frequency and high cost of data collection and analysis, it is difficult to carry out real-time analysis using these data. Based on the theoretical understanding of the projection of city functions to the city network, this article uses inter-city air passenger flow as its research medium. Further, it uses the air passenger flow data extracted from Baidu location-based services (LBS) big data. Taking the Chinese city network as its overall scope, it adopts the following two approaches. First, it compares the functional characteristics of the cities where the air passenger flows toward Guangzhou and Shenzhen are sourced. Second, it compares the functional characteristics of the employment places in the two megacities of Beijing and Shanghai, where the air passenger flows toward Guangzhou and Shenzhen are sourced. Therefore, the functional attributes and the functional areas of the source cities are used as the basis for identifying the comparative functional features of Guangzhou and Shenzhen to judge their overall functional characteristics in the Chinese urban network. The research results show the following. 1) First, compared with Shenzhen, Guangzhou's network connection with cities across China and Beijing and Shanghai focuses on administrative management and business functions. It plays the role of an administrative and business center within the spatial scale of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. 2) Second, compared with Guangzhou, Shenzhen focuses on technological innovation, finance, and high-tech manufacturing functions, and plays the role of a technological innovation and financial center and high-tech manufacturing base under the scale of the Pearl River Delta. 3) Third, as the two major service industry centers in the Pearl River Delta region, Guangzhou focuses on public and general producer services, and Shenzhen focuses on advanced producer services such as finance and technological research and development. Shenzhen has a higher status within the Chinese urban network system based on the producer service industry. The method provided by this article, which involves locational big data to flexibly extract urban functional characteristics from the city network, is novel. Further, it can serve as a supplementary approach to the studies on urban functions which relied on traditional economic and industrial statistics. Meanwhile, the research results of this article provide evidence for deepening the theoretical understanding of the urban function-space-network mapping relationship.
表1 样本日期内广州、深圳航空客流规模前40位来源地城市名单及客流量 (人次)Table 1 List of the top 40 cities where the air passenger flows to Guangzhou and Shenzhen originated in the sample dates, with the amount of passenger flows |
序号 | 广州 | 深圳 | 序号 | 广州 | 深圳 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
客流来源城市 | 客流量 | 客流来源城市 | 客流量 | 客流来源城市 | 客流量 | 客流来源城市 | 客流量 | ||||
1 | 北京市 | 5 252 | 北京市 | 5 475 | 21 | 无锡市 | 682 | 长春市 | 515 | ||
2 | 上海市 | 5 160 | 上海市 | 5 439 | 22 | 大连市 | 638 | 济南市 | 466 | ||
3 | 成都市 | 1 815 | 成都市 | 2 075 | 23 | 长沙市 | 606 | 长沙市 | 384 | ||
4 | 杭州市 | 1 668 | 重庆市 | 1 574 | 24 | 长春市 | 592 | 石家庄市 | 374 | ||
5 | 重庆市 | 1 649 | 杭州市 | 1 463 | 25 | 台州市 | 556 | 太原市 | 353 | ||
6 | 西安市 | 1 269 | 苏州市 | 1 321 | 26 | 合肥市 | 543 | 常州市 | 352 | ||
7 | 宁波市 | 1 247 | 南京市 | 1 233 | 27 | 济南市 | 542 | 南通市 | 349 | ||
8 | 南京市 | 1 215 | 西安市 | 1 038 | 28 | 福州市 | 520 | 南昌市 | 339 | ||
9 | 苏州市 | 1 188 | 天津市 | 894 | 29 | 厦门市 | 518 | 贵阳市 | 337 | ||
10 | 天津市 | 1 156 | 郑州市 | 752 | 30 | 石家庄市 | 479 | 金华市 | 288 | ||
11 | 海口市 | 1 058 | 昆明市 | 685 | 31 | 三亚市 | 478 | 南宁市 | 278 | ||
12 | 温州市 | 944 | 合肥市 | 645 | 32 | 太原市 | 449 | 廊坊市 | 272 | ||
13 | 昆明市 | 936 | 沈阳市 | 637 | 33 | 贵阳市 | 432 | 兰州市 | 266 | ||
14 | 武汉市 | 851 | 青岛市 | 630 | 34 | 南宁市 | 427 | 乌鲁木齐市 | 266 | ||
15 | 青岛市 | 849 | 武汉市 | 618 | 35 | 常州市 | 422 | 厦门市 | 253 | ||
16 | 金华市 | 820 | 大连市 | 614 | 36 | 泉州市 | 382 | 保定市 | 242 | ||
17 | 沈阳市 | 795 | 海口市 | 612 | 37 | 廊坊市 | 373 | 嘉兴市 | 232 | ||
18 | 郑州市 | 759 | 宁波市 | 548 | 38 | 嘉兴市 | 342 | 三亚市 | 227 | ||
19 | 哈尔滨市 | 706 | 哈尔滨市 | 537 | 39 | 呼和浩特市 | 330 | 绵阳市 | 206 | ||
20 | 乌鲁木齐市 | 702 | 无锡市 | 527 | 40 | 绍兴市 | 291 | 温州市 | 206 |
表2 不同航空客流规模等级客流来源地城市到广州、深圳的客流量比较Table 2 Comparison of passenger flow to Guangzhou and Shenzhen from cities with different air passenger flow scale levels |
客流来源城市 | 到广州客流量=X | 到深圳客流量=Y | Y/X×100% |
---|---|---|---|
客流量前2位城市 | 10 412 | 10 914 | 104.8 |
客流量前5位城市 | 15 544 | 16 026 | 103.1 |
客流量前10位城市 | 21 619 | 21 264 | 98.4 |
客流量前20位城市 | 30 039 | 27 317 | 90.9 |
客流量前40位城市 | 39 641 | 33 522 | 84.6 |
所有城市 | 193 907 | 162 734 | 83.9 |
表3 样本日期内北京飞往广州、深圳航空客流规模前10位旅客来源地所在乡镇街道 (人次)Tab.3 Top 10 townships in Beijing where the air passenger flows to Guangzhou and Shenzhen originated in the sample dates |
序号 | 广州 | 深圳 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
客流来源乡镇街道 | 客流量 | 客流来源乡镇街道 | 客流量 | ||
1 | 建外街道 | 158 | 金融街街道 | 192 | |
2 | 金融街街道 | 113 | 上地街道 | 167 | |
3 | 上地街道 | 105 | 建外街道 | 165 | |
4 | 花乡地区 | 102 | 海淀街道 | 137 | |
5 | 后沙峪地区 | 96 | 中关村街道 | 109 | |
6 | 海淀街道 | 95 | 呼家楼街道 | 106 | |
7 | 八里庄街道 | 89 | 马连洼街道 | 98 | |
8 | 望京街道 | 88 | 麦子店街道 | 97 | |
9 | 呼家楼街道 | 85 | 望京街道 | 92 | |
10 | 酒仙桥街道 | 78 | 八里庄街道 | 90 |
表4 样本日期内上海飞往广州、深圳航空客流规模前10位旅客来源地所在乡镇街道Table 4 Top 10 townships in Shanghai where the air passenger flows to Guangzhou and Shenzhen originated in the sample dates |
序号 | 广州 | 深圳 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
客流来源乡镇街道 | 客流量/人次 | 客流来源乡镇街道 | 客流量/人次 | ||
1 | 陆家嘴街道 | 156 | 陆家嘴街道 | 294 | |
2 | 张江镇 | 137 | 张江镇 | 224 | |
3 | 虹梅路街道 | 131 | 虹梅路街道 | 167 | |
4 | 新虹街道 | 118 | 金桥镇 | 132 | |
5 | 徐家汇街道 | 94 | 新虹街道 | 110 | |
6 | 虹桥街道 | 94 | 花木街道 | 105 | |
7 | 南京西路街道 | 91 | 徐家汇街道 | 100 | |
8 | 虹桥镇 | 87 | 潍坊新村街道 | 96 | |
9 | 安亭镇 | 72 | 虹桥镇 | 96 | |
10 | 长风新村街道 | 69 | 虹桥街道 | 86 |
图6 样本日期内飞往广州旅客数大于深圳的上海出发航空旅客就业地分布Fig.6 Distribution of employment places in Shanghai where the air passenger flows originated in the sample dates to Guangzhou weighed over those to Shenzhen |
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