武汉市传销犯罪点的空间格局变化及其建成环境影响因素
宫田田(1996—),女,黑龙江佳木斯人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为犯罪地理、旅游地理,(E-mail)wzsgtt111@163.com; |
收稿日期: 2020-10-27
修回日期: 2020-12-21
网络出版日期: 2021-04-27
基金资助
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(19YJA840018)
The Spatial Pattern Changes of Pyramid Selling Crime Sites in Wuhan City and the Factors Influencing the Built Environment
Received date: 2020-10-27
Revised date: 2020-12-21
Online published: 2021-04-27
基于中国裁判文书网的传销犯罪数据及与城市建成环境相关的POI数据,以传销高发城市武汉市为例,采用最近邻指数法、核密度估计法和地理探测器对武汉市2012—2019年传销犯罪点的空间格局变化及其建成环境影响因素进行研究。结果发现:1)武汉市传销犯罪在空间上集聚分布,呈现“市中心聚集”和“多中心”的特点,形成了东西湖区、黄陂区及洪山区3个明显的犯罪高发区;2)2012—2019年武汉市传销犯罪的集中区从前期的数量较少且不断转移转变为后期的数量较多且相对稳定的态势,稳定集中于城乡结合部的交通枢纽、商业中心或高校周边人流较大且较复杂的地方,而且具有随着城市的扩张由市中心向外围迁移的趋势;3)武汉市传销犯罪点空间格局的形成是多重因素综合作用的结果,尤其与体育休闲、购物卖场、公司企业、商务住宅等建成环境要素的分布高度相关。最后提出武汉市传销整治工作有效开展的对策建议。
宫田田 , 谢双玉 , 赵浩楠 . 武汉市传销犯罪点的空间格局变化及其建成环境影响因素[J]. 热带地理, 2021 , 41(2) : 265 -276 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003332
In the past ten years, public-related economic crimes have shown an explosive and blowout development trend along with the rapid development of the financial market. A Pyramid Selling Crime (PSC) is a public-related economic crime and a social problem that needs to be solved urgently. PSC includes a strong spatial decision-making process. Whether its spatial distribution is related to specifically built environmental elements is a typical geographic issue and is worthy of being included in the study of criminal geography. However, research on PSC is relatively scarce, and more analyses of its causes, methods, and legal issues are needed. There is little research on the temporal and spatial pattern evolution and its influencing factors from a geographical perspective. This study took Wuhan city as an example and was based on the PSC data of the China Judgment Document Network and the Point of Interest (POI) data related to the urban built environment. The nearest neighbor index method and nuclear density estimation method were used to study the changes in the spatial patterns of PSC sites in Wuhan from 2012 to 2019. Thereafter, the geographic detector method was used to analyze the built environment factors influencing the distribution of PSC sites to grasp the temporal and spatial laws of Wuhan PSC sites and their relationship with the built environment. In addition, this method provided a reference for the efficient prevention and control of PSC in Wuhan. The results were as follows: 1) PSCs in Wuhan were concentrated and distributed spatially presenting a characteristic concentration in the city center and having three centers in Dongxihu District, Huangpi District, and Hongshan District. These centers were mainly urban commercial centers, transportation hubs, urban villages, and urban-rural junctions, which are basically similar to the distribution characteristics of high-risk areas of robbery, snatch and theft crime in Wuhan. PSCs had the same characteristics as general crimes and conformed to the "law of concentration of crimes." However, the spatial distribution of PSCs also had its particularity. For example, PSCs included places associated with science, education, culture, financial insurance, etc., showing a trend of high-quality and high-yield. 2) During the 2012-2019 period, the distribution of PSC sites in Wuhan changed from a small number and constant change in the early stage to a large number and relative stability in the later stage, stably concentrating in transportation hubs, commercial centers, or universities surrounding suburban areas where there is a large flow of people and a complex social environment. At the same time, with the expansion of the city, PSC presented a trend of moving from the city center to periphery areas. The urban-rural fringe area also became a high incidence area of PSC. 3) The spatial pattern of PSC sites in Wuhan correlated with multiple built environmental factors, especially the facilities of sports and leisure, shopping malls, companies and enterprises, and commercial residences. The interaction and influence among the various facility factors were greater and more significant, indicating that the formation of the spatial pattern of PSC sites in Wuhan was the result of the combined effects of multiple factors. Based on these conclusions, some suggestions and measures were proposed for Wuhan to effectively prevent PSC.
表1 不同城市功能设施对传销犯罪点的影响Table 1 The impact of different urban functional facilities on pyramid selling crime points |
设施类别 | q值 | p值 |
---|---|---|
体育休闲 | 0.835 8 | 0.000 0 |
购物卖场 | 0.833 5 | 0.000 0 |
公司企业 | 0.831 3 | 0.000 0 |
商务住宅 | 0.830 5 | 0.000 0 |
住宿服务 | 0.727 3 | 0.000 0 |
生活服务 | 0.713 6 | 0.000 0 |
餐饮服务 | 0.711 5 | 0.000 0 |
科教文化 | 0.703 1 | 0.000 0 |
金融保险 | 0.690 6 | 0.003 1 |
交通设施 | 0.621 4 | 0.006 3 |
医疗保健 | 0.601 4 | 0.023 4 |
政府机构 | 0.557 4 | 0.035 0 |
风景名胜 | 0.531 8 | 0.105 4 |
公共设施 | 0.357 7 | 0.285 5 |
表2 城市功能设施因子交互作用探测结果Table 2 Detection results of the interaction of urban functional facilities factors |
设施 | 风景 名胜 | 餐饮 服务 | 医疗 保健 | 体育 休闲 | 金融 保险 | 政府 机构 | 公共 设施 | 公司 企业 | 生活 服务 | 科教 文化 | 交通 设施 | 购物 卖场 | 住宿 服务 | 商务 住宅 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
风景名胜 | 0.531 8 | |||||||||||||
餐饮服务 | 0.822 2 | 0.711 5 | ||||||||||||
医疗保健 | 0.797 8 | 0.743 5 | 0.601 4 | |||||||||||
体育休闲 | 0.904 7 | 0.847 9 | 0.847 3 | 0.835 8 | ||||||||||
金融保险 | 0.827 4 | 0.747 0 | 0.710 8 | 0.848 8 | 0.690 6 | |||||||||
政府机构 | 0.799 3 | 0.724 8 | 0.614 8 | 0.849 2 | 0.704 4 | 0.557 4 | ||||||||
公共设施 | 0.774 8 | 0.727 2 | 0.672 3 | 0.860 6 | 0.733 7 | 0.606 9 | 0.357 7 | |||||||
公司企业 | 0.901 3 | 0.839 5 | 0.844 7 | 0.840 1 | 0.844 7 | 0.841 4 | 0.855 3 | 0.831 3 | ||||||
生活服务 | 0.864 7 | 0.720 3 | 0.739 9 | 0.849 6 | 0.743 4 | 0.725 3 | 0.726 9 | 0.838 8 | 0.713 6 | |||||
科教文化 | 0.871 0 | 0.799 3 | 0.851 2 | 0.901 1 | 0.944 2 | 0.802 0 | 0.838 2 | 0.897 0 | 0.841 0 | 0.703 1 | ||||
交通设施 | 0.792 6 | 0.747 3 | 0.651 4 | 0.841 1 | 0.723 3 | 0.635 5 | 0.674 1 | 0.842 1 | 0.742 0 | 0.775 6 | 0.621 4 | |||
购物卖场 | 0.904 0 | 0.843 3 | 0.843 8 | 0.841 1 | 0.846 1 | 0.849 2 | 0.857 8 | 0.837 9 | 0.842 6 | 0.898 4 | 0.839 6 | 0.833 5 | ||
住宿服务 | 0.777 8 | 0.776 0 | 0.841 4 | 0.912 0 | 0.837 9 | 0.822 3 | 0.825 2 | 0.897 1 | 0.818 2 | 0.754 2 | 0.804 8 | 0.900 8 | 0.727 3 | |
商务住宅 | 0.901 2 | 0.856 2 | 0.850 8 | 0.842 8 | 0.845 3 | 0.852 7 | 0.862 3 | 0.841 4 | 0.853 1 | 0.897 6 | 0.841 4 | 0.841 4 | 0.905 0 | 0.830 5 |
1 http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/
|
|
|
|
陈海彬.2018.传销犯罪群体年轻化态势、原因及预防——基于2010-2018年传销犯罪裁判文书统计分析.犯罪研究,(4):60-68.
|
|
姜超,唐焕丽,柳林.2014.中国犯罪地理研究述评.地理科学进展,33(4):561-573.
|
贾垚焱,胡静,刘大均,朱磊.2019.长江中游城市群A级旅游景区空间演化及影响机理.经济地理,39(1):198-206.
|
姜雪.2018.城市建成环境对犯罪行为影响的空间分异研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
|
|
|
Lawrence E Cohen and Marcus Felson.1979.Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: a Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4): 588-608.
|
龙冬平,柳林,周素红,杜方叶,宋广文,肖露子.2017.地理学视角下犯罪者行为研究进展.地理科学进展,36(7):886-902.
|
刘志军,王宁,龚德中.2020.网络传销案电子数据证据体系及分析方法构建.中国刑警学院学报,(1):117-122.
|
柳林,张春霞,冯嘉欣,肖露子,贺智,周淑丽.2017a.ZG市诈骗犯罪的时空分布与影响因素.地理学报,72(2):315-328.
|
柳林,姜超,周素红,刘凯,徐冲,曹晶晶.2017b.城市入室盗窃犯罪的多尺度时空格局分析——基于中国H市DP半岛的案例研究.地理研究,36(12):2451-2464.
|
柳林,宋广文,肖露子,周素红,宋广钦,龙东平.2018.不同犯罪类型受害者报警行为特点及其影响因素分析.地理科学,38(12):1998-2005.
|
柳林,姜超,李璐.2019.警用视频监控的犯罪防控效果及空间差异——以苏州市姑苏区为例.地理科学,39(1):61-69.
|
刘大千,修春亮.2012.国内外犯罪地理学研究进展评析.人文地理,27(2):38-44.
Liu Daqian and Xiu Chunliang.2012.Review of Studies on Criminal Geography.Human Geography, 27(2): 38-44.
|
李钢,谭然,王会娟,颜祥,邵琰.2017.中国拐卖儿童犯罪的地理特征研究.地理科学,37(7):1049-1058.
|
李钢,谭然,王会娟,林依硕,梁燕均.2018.中国拐卖儿童犯罪时空格局演变及其影响因素.人文地理,33(2):26-34.
|
梁平汉,江鸿泽.2020.金融可得性与互联网金融风险防范——基于网络传销案件的实证分析.中国工业经济,(4):116-134.
Liang Pinghan and Jiang Hongze.2020.Financial Access and Internet Financial Risk Alleviation—An Empirical Analysis Based on Internet Pyramid Scheme Judiciall Documents.China Industrial Economics, (4): 116-134.
|
|
马少春,王发曾.2011.城乡结合部的犯罪机会控制与空间综合治理.人文地理,26(2):62-67.
Ma Shaochun and Wang Fazeng.2011.Criminal Opportunities Contral and Comprehensive Spatial Management in Urban and Rural Connecting Areas.Human Geography, 26(2): 62-67.
|
|
|
潘瑞成,李斌.2019.大型体育赛事的治安防控威胁与情报机制研究.情报杂志,38(9):62-68,89.[Pan Ruicheng and Li Bin . 2019.Research on Public Security Prevention and Control Threats and Intelligence Mechanism of Large-Scale Sports Events.Journal of intelligence, 38(9): 62-68, 89.]
|
齐杰.2017.忻州市刑事案件的犯罪地理学分析.临汾:山西师范大学.
|
曲比伟石,赵振斌,邓元杰,张熠.2019.成都市主城区“两抢一盗”犯罪的多尺度时空格局研究.浙江大学学报(理学版),46(6):745-754.
|
|
孙峰华,毛爱华.2003.犯罪地理学的理论研究.人文地理,18(5):70-74.
Sun Fenghua and Mao Aihua.2003.Study on the Theories of Criminal Geography.Human Geography, 18(5): 70-74.
|
孙峰华,魏晓.2006.中国犯罪地理研究. 辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):493-495.
Sun Fenghua and Wei Xiao.2006.Geographical Study on Crime in China.Journal of Liaoning Normal University (Natural Science Edition), (4): 493-495.
|
申杰.2017.“旅游+直销”在中国合法吗?. 中国质量万里行,(5):74-75.
|
唐承丽,郭夏爽,周国华,吴佳敏,陈伟杨.2020.长江中游城市群创新平台空间分布及其影响因素分析.地理科学进展,39(4):531-541.
|
唐梁博.2018.广州市核心区盗抢犯罪时空分布特征及其实体空间环境影响因素.广州:广州大学.[Tang Liangbo . 2018.The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of “Robby, Grabbing and Theft” in the Core Area of Guangzhou and the Influence Factors of Physical Space Environment.Guangzhou: Guangzhou University.]
|
|
吴宗宪.1997.西方犯罪学史.北京:警官教育出版社.
|
王劲峰,徐成东.2017.地理探测器:原理与展望.地理学报,72(1):116-134.
Wang Jinfeng and Xu Chengdong.2017.Geodetector: Principle and Prospective.Acta Geographica Sinica, 72(1): 116-134.
|
严小兵,焦华富.2012.犯罪地理国际研究进展.地理科学进展,31(10):1390-1398.
Yan Xiaobing and Jiao Huafu.2012.A Review on the Foreign Criminal Geography Research.Progress in Geography, 31(10): 1390-1398.
|
卓蓉蓉,李峦峦,余斌,郑文升.2017.21世纪以来西方犯罪地理研究述评.人文地理,32(2):16-22,36.[Zhuo Rongrong, Li Luanluan, Yu Bin and Zheng Wensheng . 2017.A Review of Studies on Geography of Crime in Western Countries Since 2000.Human Geography, 32(2): 16-22, 36.]
|
曾敏玲,毛媛媛.2014.上海市浦东新区城市街道“两抢一盗”犯罪的时空规律.热带地理,34(5):606-617.
Zeng Minling and Mao Yuanyuan.2014.Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Street Propert Offences: a Case Study of Pudong District, Shanghai.Tropical Geography, 34(5): 606-617.
|
张延吉,朱春武,秦波.2019.犯罪数量与危害的空间分布及建成环境影响——基于北京市刑事案件的纵向研究.地理科学进展,38(12):1876-1889.
|
卓蓉蓉,郑文升,郑天铭.2018.城市犯罪风险区位因子与风险地形分析——以武汉市主城区为例.人文地理,33(4):33-42.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |