旅游者感知文化距离对民族文化遗产体验意愿影响机制
王佳果(1983—),男,河南南阳人,桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院副教授(校聘),中国旅游研究院民族旅游研究基地特聘研究员,主要研究方向为民族旅游、旅游人类学,(E-mail)6616063@glut.edu.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2021-08-09
修回日期: 2021-10-25
网络出版日期: 2021-12-30
基金资助
国家社会科学基金项目“梯田农业文化遗产保护与发展的旅游社会学研究”(20XSH022)
The Mechanism of the Influence of Tourists' Perceived Cultural Distance on Ethnic Cultural Heritage Intention
Received date: 2021-08-09
Revised date: 2021-10-25
Online published: 2021-12-30
基于“认知-情感-意动”理论框架,引入旅行生涯模式理论,构建了包括旅游者感知文化距离、感知新奇、感知文化风险、文化体验意愿和旅游经验等构念在内的模型,以2个典型民族文化遗产旅游目的地——广西龙脊梯田和贵州肇兴侗寨为案例地,运用PLS-SEM工具检验结构模型,结果表明:1)认知阶段对情感阶段的影响显著,即TPCD正向影响感知新奇和感知文化风险,情感阶段对意动阶段的影响亦显著,即感知新奇正向影响文化体验意愿而感知文化风险负向影响文化体验意愿;2)感知新奇与感知文化风险在TPCD对文化体验意愿的影响过程中起中介作用,该结论验证了旅游者文化体验意愿产生的心理过程遵循CAC理论模型,这是一个认知影响情感进而影响行为意愿的递进过程;3)认知积累在认知阶段对情感阶段影响路径中的调节作用部分显著,即旅游经验负向调节TPCD对感知文化风险的正向影响,但在TPCD对感知新奇的正向影响过程中的调节效应不显著。结论表明,感知文化距离在特定的国内旅游情境下同样对旅游者行为意愿有显著影响,这在一定程度上拓展了旅游文化距离研究的对象范围。
王佳果 , 杨海鑫 , 郑密 . 旅游者感知文化距离对民族文化遗产体验意愿影响机制[J]. 热带地理, 2022 , 42(1) : 55 -66 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003424
Although the impact of perceived cultural distance on tourists' behavioral intention has attracted great attention from tourism academic circles, relevant research conclusions are inconsistent and the action mechanism is unclear. Based on the theoretical framework of "cognitive-affective-conative" and by introducing the theory of travel career pattern, this study constructs a research model that includes Tourists' Perceived Cultural Distance (TPCD), perceived novelty, perceived cultural risk, cultural experience intention, and tourism experience. Taking two typical ethnic cultural heritage tourist destinations as case sites, a total of 705 valid questionnaires were collected. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) tools were used to examine the path, mediation effect, and moderation effect of the structural model. There were three significant findings. First, TPCD positively affects perceived novelty and perceived cultural risks, and perceived novelty positively influences cultural experience intention, while perceived cultural risks negatively affect cultural experience intention. Second, perceived novelty and cultural risk play an intermediary role in the process of TPCD's influence on cultural experience intention, verifying the scientificity and applicability of the "cognitive-affective-conative" theoretical framework. Third, tourism experience negatively regulates the positive impact of TPCD on perceived cultural risk, and the moderating effect of TPCD on the positive impact of perceived novelty is not significant, thus demonstrating that tourism experience is insufficient to influence the relationship between TPCD and perceived novelty. The research has found a more reasonable explanation mechanism for the inconsistent conclusions of the simple attribution study of cultural distance-tourist behavior, exploring the complex psychological mechanism of the influence of TPCD on cultural experience intention. This article explains the hypothetical path from three standpoints: the cognitive, affective, and conative stages. It verifies the important mediating role of perceived novelty and cultural risk, and the moderating effect of tourism experience based on the theory of travel career pattern. In addition, a unique contribution of this paper is that it breaks through the limitations of previous similar studies in terms of research subjects. Most of the existing studies have been conducted on transnational tourists in international tourism scenarios, while our study finds that cultural distance has an equally significant effect on travelers' behavioral intentions in ethnic tourism contexts within the same country.
表1 样本人口统计学特征Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the sample |
人口统计特征 | 占比/% | |
---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 44.3 |
女 | 55.7 | |
年龄/岁 | <18 | 1.4 |
18~24 | 13.2 | |
25~34 | 41.3 | |
35~44 | 20.1 | |
45~64 | 20 | |
≥65 | 4 | |
旅游方式 | 自由行 | 82.1 |
跟团游 | 17.9 | |
受教育程度 | 小学及以下 | 0.9 |
初中 | 3.3 | |
高中(中专) | 11.9 | |
大专 | 24 | |
本科 | 49.4 | |
研究生及以上 | 10.6 | |
家庭结构 | 未婚 | 39.3 |
已婚 | 50.4 | |
已婚有孩子 | 8.4 | |
其他 | 2 | |
地理分区 | 华东地区 | 14.2 |
华南地区 | 50.2 | |
华北地区 | 6.2 | |
华中地区 | 8.1 | |
东北地区 | 2.4 | |
西南地区 | 16.2 | |
西北地区 | 2.7 |
表2 信度、效度和相关性Table2 Reliability, validity, and correlations |
构念 | Cronbach's α | 组合信度(CR) | 收敛效度(AVE) | 区分效度 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PN | PCR | CEI | ||||
PN | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.63 | 0.76 | ||
PCR | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.58 | -0.17 | 0.77 | |
CEI | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.64 | 0.43 | -0.23 | 0.80 |
|
表3 各测量指标的平均值、标准差和因子载荷Table 3 Mean, Standard Deviation (S.D.), and factor loading of 16 measurable items |
构念 | 测量指标 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 因子载荷 |
---|---|---|---|---|
感知新奇 | 我在该地旅行能感受到各种新的事物 | 5.68 | 1.13 | 0.77 |
我在该地旅行有机会见到不同民族的人 | 5.73 | 1.16 | 0.76 | |
我能感受到当地居民的有趣和友好 | 5.75 | 1.11 | 0.74 | |
我在该地旅行有机会见到独特的原住民或本地人 | 5.68 | 1.21 | 0.78 | |
我在该地旅行能增加我对当地、人和事物了解的机会 | 5.88 | 1.00 | 0.84 | |
我在该地旅行可以体验到新的或不同的文化 | 5.89 | 1.03 | 0.81 | |
我在该地旅行可以看到当地不同的手工艺品 | 5.51 | 1.50 | 0.65 | |
感知文化风险 | 在宗教信仰方面,我在该地感受到了风险 | 2.01 | 1.32 | 0.83 |
我在该地感到住宿的消防系统、安保系统等存在风险 | 2.65 | 1.59 | 0.71 | |
我在这里感到了沟通的障碍 | 2.67 | 1.65 | 0.62 | |
我对这里的饮食条件、饮食方式感到不习惯,甚至影响了自身健康 | 2.13 | 1.36 | 0.82 | |
我在这里感到天气变化给我带来了困难,甚至有发生自然灾害的可能性 | 2.18 | 1.45 | 0.84 | |
文化体验意愿 | 我愿意在这里学习当地的历史和文化 | 5.26 | 1.33 | 0.76 |
我愿意体验当地的习俗 | 5.59 | 1.21 | 0.85 | |
我愿意参与这里的民族节日 | 5.85 | 1.14 | 0.82 | |
我愿意在这里观看民族表演 | 6.00 | 1.08 | 0.76 |
1 生态谬误:指研究者对一个群体进行研究,然后将群体的结果应用于群体中的个体成员的情况。
王佳果:课题负责人,主要贡献:1)具体负责量表开发设计、理论框架构建和研究假设提出,数据调研和模型处理把控;2)执笔撰写本文的前言、1 文献回顾和研究假设、4 研究结论和讨论,和第二作者合作撰写了2 问卷设计与数据收集和3.2 结构模型的部分内容;3)论文初稿之后的通稿、修改、投稿和后续工作。
杨海鑫:课题组主要成员之一,主要贡献:1)参与量表开发设计,是数据调研本科组的现场负责人,负责调研数据整理和全程分析,和第三作者在第一作者指导下共同完成3.1 测量模型和3.2结构模型的数据处理;2)执笔撰写3 模型数据分析的大部分内容,以及2 问卷设计与数据收集的部分内容。
郑 密:课题组主要成员之一,主要贡献:1)参与前期文献研究和量表开发设计,是数据调研研究生组的现场负责人,负责模型构建和数据处理,和第二作者在第一作者指导下共同完成3.1 测量模型和3.2结构模型的数据处理;2)参与论文初稿、投稿后的部分修改、校对工作。
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