媒介互动下粤港澳大湾区区域空间协同的演变
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程情仪(1992—),女,中国澳门人,城市规划师,研究员,硕士,主要从事区域治理、社区治理等研究,(E-mail)nicochengi@ 163.com; |
收稿日期: 2021-10-31
修回日期: 2022-02-14
网络出版日期: 2022-03-21
基金资助
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2019YFB2103101)
Transformation of Regional Spatial Coordinative Development of the Guangdong- Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the Lens of Media Interaction Process
Received date: 2021-10-31
Revised date: 2022-02-14
Online published: 2022-03-21
基于粤港澳大湾区三地不同的媒介社会结构,以媒介、社会学交叉学科视角,创新性提出区域协同下四种维度三大类别的媒介传播框架,以此探索在“一国两制”跨界联系下和区域协同发展过程中,粤港澳大湾区社会资本的形成及区域协同演进的阶段性特点。研究发现:随着区域一体化发展加速,粤港澳三地媒介互动的维度及深度不断增强,但在“社会-文化”层面的连结型社会资本仍较为薄弱。在区域对话中,由于缺乏能贯穿粤港澳三地日常生活、适应三地民众媒介使用习惯的区域性媒介平台,粤港澳大湾区内尚未形成有效的底层监测及反馈机制,导致跨界空间联系项目中社会成本高企。以媒介及社会学等交叉学科视角,探索区域空间协同实践中媒介传播状况和社会资本的形成机制,有助于促进湾区建立更为灵活有效的对话机制,来回应区域民生需求,提升区域协同效率,以及推动区域共识的达成。
程情仪 , 曾彬铖 , 李启军 . 媒介互动下粤港澳大湾区区域空间协同的演变[J]. 热带地理, 2022 , 42(3) : 409 -421 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003457
The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is built across three different governance contexts; these three cities have different socio-political structures, legal systems, and cultural identities. From the perspective of media geography, this article proposes a framework with four dimensions and three categories, to explore how cross-border media communication affects the formation and accumulation of social capital, and thus influences regional coordination under the political structure of "one country, two systems" in the region. To fully understand the different characteristics of each development stage, the research further divides the synergic development process into five phases: economic bonding, policy-economic bonding, policy-economic bridging, policy-social linking, and policy-economic-social bridging. The study found that even though media interactions between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao have intensified in frequency, social capital at the "socio-cultural" level is relatively weak. Owing to the lack of a widely accepted regional media platform that fits into the communication habits of people in all GBA cities, it is difficult to build an effective monitoring mechanism and feedback system that enables a detection and response to people's opinions on the ground. Consequently, disagreements and conflicts have led to high social costs for some cross-border infrastructure projects. By exploring the mechanisms of media interaction and social capital formation within the regional coordination process, this paper concludes with three strategies to achieve effective multilevel connection and coordination between GBA cities, especially in social and cultural aspects. 1) Governments in each city should work together to build up a regional platform and broaden media channels for the circulation of shared information, which fits various local situations and media usage habits. 2) There is a need for the GBA to establish an effective public opinion monitoring and feedback system on a regional scale, which penetrates people's daily lives, and is accessible to the wider public. Updating prompt information based on people's needs, views, and expectations helps strengthen the entire regional cooperation system and resilient governance structure. 3) Linking propagation is important for the stabilization of social development. Overall, there is a need for the GBA to build a more flexible multilevel dialogue mechanism that facilitates vertical communication to enhance non-institutional and effective bottom-level collaboration.
表1 粤港澳大湾区区域协同的发展演进及其跨界联系Table 1 Regional coordination process of trans-boundary connection in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area |
| 发展阶段 | 政策文件 | 跨界治理机构/平台 | 媒介 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 经济粘合 阶段 (2003年前) | 《珠江三角洲经济区城市群规划》(1996) | 珠江三角洲经济区现代化建设协调 领导小组 | — |
| 深圳湾大桥(深港西部通道)(2002年批准建设) | — | 研究报告;公众咨询;媒体报道等 | |
| 政经粘合 阶段 (2003—2007年) | CEPA(2003) | 联合指导委员会;联络办公室;工作组 | 编写出版;举办内地与港澳经贸合作发展论坛;媒体报道等 |
| 《珠江三角洲城镇群协调 发展规划》(2005) | 珠江三角洲城镇群规划管理办公室; 粤港、粤澳合作联席会议机制 | — | |
| 广深港客运专线 (2005年批准建设) | 广深港高速铁路规划小组 | 公众咨询;社会组织民意调查;民间组织反对联盟;媒体报道等 | |
| 《珠江三角洲地区改革发展 规划纲要》(2008) | 粤港、粤澳合作联席会议机制;实施《规划纲要》领导小组;粤港澳联络协调会议 | 公众意见网络调查问卷; 媒体报道等 | |
| 深港东部过境高速公路(2009年批准建设) | — | 公众咨询 | |
| 《大珠江三角洲城镇群协调 发展规划研究》(2009) | 粤港、粤澳城市规划及发展专责小组 | 成果联合发布会; 交流会;媒体报道等 | |
| 港珠澳大桥 (2009年批准建设) | 港珠澳大桥前期工作协调小组;港珠澳大桥专责小组;港珠澳大桥管理局 | 研究报告;专门网站;公众咨询;专家小组;社会组织提出司法复核;社会组织民意调查;媒体报道等 | |
| 《珠三角五个一体化规划(2009-2020)》(2010) | 领导小组;专责工作组 | — | |
| 《粤港合作框架协议》(2010)、 《粤澳合作框架协议》(2011) | 高层会晤、联席会议、合作联络办公室、专责小组;大机场联席会议机制; 粤澳会议展览协会战略联盟; 社会咨询机制;民间合作机制 | 粤港发展策略研究小组、粤澳发展策略研究专责小组;合作发展论坛;媒体报道等 | |
| 《环珠江口宜居湾区建设重点 行动计划》(2011) | 粤港、粤澳城市规划及发展专责小组 | 专家组会议;调查问卷;咨询会;论坛;书面意见;立法会质询;工作坊;媒体报道等 | |
| 政社连结 阶段 (2012—2018年) | 《共建优质生活圈专项规划》(2012) | 粤港、粤澳合作联席会议及相关专责小组;邻接地区生态保育协调联络小组(深港);粤港澳中华白海豚研究中心;广东省应急管理办公室;粤港应对气候变化联络协调小组;大珠三角环保产业合作委员会;粤港澳文化合作会议、亚洲文化部长论坛;粤港、粤澳社会福利专责小组等 | 共同组织公众咨询;共同设立专属网站;组织召开公众论坛;与相关机构、团体召开座谈会、咨询会议;亚洲艺术节、珠江论坛;书面回应、专家论证会;社会组织民意调查;媒体报道等 |
| 《中国(广东)自由贸易试验区总体方案》(2015) | 粤港、粤澳合作联席会议机制 | 民意调查问卷;媒体报道等(微博、微信公众号)等 | |
| 《深化粤港澳合作推进大湾区建设框架协议》(2017) | 高层会晤联席会议、社会咨询机制、 民间合作机制 | 论文发表等 | |
| 政经社桥梁阶段 (2019年 至今) | 《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》(2019) | 粤港澳三地联合投资开发机构、 发展基金、粤港澳工商企业界、学术界等联系机制 | 论文发表;团体召开座谈会;媒体报道;立法会质询;研究报告;社会组织民意调查等 |
| 《粤港澳大湾区文化和旅游发展规划》(2020) | 粤港澳文化合作会议、粤港澳大湾区城市旅游联合会 | 媒体报道;研讨会等 | |
| 《横琴粤澳深度合作区建设总体方案》(2021) | 粤澳深度合作区管理委员会(下设执行委员会);广东省属地管理 | 媒体报道;研讨会;立法会质询; 官方网站;相关领域咨询文本; 研讨会等 | |
| 《全面深化前海深港现代服务业合作区 改革开放方案》(2021) | — | 媒体报道等 |
表2 粤港澳大湾区城市规划公众参与机制Table 2 Public participation of urban planning in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area |
| 地区 | 香港 | 澳门 | 广东省 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 模式 | 三地均为政府主导,自上而下 | ||
| 形式 | 书面咨询、公众咨询会、社区工作坊、公共研讨会等 | 法律文本形式、书面咨询、咨询会议 | 座谈会、问卷调查 |
| 机构设置 | 由各政府部门设立咨询机构/咨询部门,实行咨询机构委任制度 | 各政府部门按层级(五层)和类别 设置咨询机构 | 无 |
| 政策法规 | 《城市规划条例》 | 未有公共咨询规范性文件 | 《城乡规划法》 |
| 流程 | 政府展示方案→咨询期内公众提出申述→政府举行聆讯作出反馈/修订→公布新方案→第二轮咨询(若有) | 政府展示方案→咨询期内公众提出意见/咨询会议专家、社团提出建议→政府收集反馈、作出决策 | 无规定流程 |
| 参与主体 | 区议会、立法会、街坊福利会、分区委员会等基层 组织、市民公众 | 以大众媒体、社团机构、专业人士、研究机构代表的参与为主 | 行业协会代表、市民公众 |
| 公众咨询 地位 | 政府规定所有政策出台前都要事先进行公众咨询 | 未有具体规定 | 城市规划规定广泛征询意见 环节,但具体措施不明确 |
| 特征 | 公众参与较普遍和深入,舆论导向较具批判性 | 被动型运作,参与人员以社团、专家为主 | 缺少系统而呈碎片化, 参与的广度和深度有限 |

1 由理性媒介学指出。
2 治理理论视域下媒介参与治理功能的检视。
程情仪:论文选题,论文设计,提出论文研究方法,制图,论文撰写与修改;
曾彬铖:数据收集,论文撰写及修改;
李启军:参与论文设计,论文指导;
衷心感谢深圳市城市规划设计研究院有限公司的卫科主任工程师及郭磊贤博士给予的细心指导和建议;感谢清华大学建筑学院刘佳燕教授一直以来给予的支持和指导;感谢二位匿名审稿专家及编辑部老师在论文修改过程中给予的专业意见!
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