广东省市际边界城镇发展的空间类型划分
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廖开怀(1984—),男,江西寻乌人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为边界、城市地理与规划,(E-mail)kaihuai121@126.com; |
收稿日期: 2021-04-06
修回日期: 2021-06-08
网络出版日期: 2022-03-21
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971196)
广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2021A1515012247)
广东省社科规划(GD20SQ16)
Identification of Spatial Development Types of Inter-City Border Towns in Guangdong Province, China
Received date: 2021-04-06
Revised date: 2021-06-08
Online published: 2022-03-21
利用中国县域统计年鉴(乡镇卷)和中国GDP空间分布公里网格数据集等各类数据,采用因子分析、莫兰指数和GIS分组分析法,对广东省市际边界城镇发展的空间类型进行定量的实证研究。结果表明,广东省市际边界城镇空间结构由公共服务设施与旅游资源类、企业与人口集聚类、生态本底资源类、人民生活水平类以及边缘艰苦类5个主成分因子构成,不同主因子的空间关联性存在差异,其中生态本底资源类和企业与人口集聚类主因子的空间关联性最强,而边缘艰苦类主因子的空间关联性最弱。市际边界城镇的空间发展类型可以划分为高生活水平型发展强镇、产业与人口集聚型发展强镇、产业与公服配套型发展强镇、公服滞后型发展强镇、生态发展型一般镇、生态与旅游型发展一般镇、边缘山区型发展弱镇7类。自然资源禀赋与区位、社会经济发展水平和产业结构、历史基础、政府政策和文化差异为影响市际边界城镇发展空间类型的5大因素。
廖开怀 , 陈姝卉 . 广东省市际边界城镇发展的空间类型划分[J]. 热带地理, 2022 , 42(3) : 431 -443 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003429
The identification of spatial development types of border areas is one of the research hotspots in human-economic geography. Current studies mostly focus on border areas affected by provincial boundaries, and limited studies have explored the spatial structure and development types of border towns affected by inter-city boundaries. Based on multiple types of data, such as China County Statistical Yearbook (villages and towns volume) and 1-kilometer grid GDP dataset of China, this study used quantitative methods of factor analysis, Moran's I, and GIS grouping analysis to explore the spatial development types of inter-city border towns in Guangdong Province. A total of 564 inter-city border towns were chosen for the study. The results show that: (1) the spatial structure of the inter-city border towns in Guangdong Province comprises five principal component factors: public service facilities and tourism resources, enterprises and population agglomeration, ecological background resources, people's living standards, and margin and poverty. Different principal component factors have different spatial correlation coefficients. The factors of ecological background resources and enterprises and population agglomeration have the strongest spatial autocorrelations, while the margin and poverty factor has the weakest spatial autocorrelation. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of the ecological background resources factor is consistent with the topographic distribution, indicating a trend of agglomeration in the plains of the Pearl River Delta, Chaozhou-Jieyang-Shantou area, and Zhanjiang-Maoming junction area. The spatial distribution pattern of the enterprises and population agglomeration factor shows a gradually decreasing distribution from the Pearl River Delta to eastern, western, and northern Guangdong. The spatial distribution pattern of the margin and poverty factor shows the characteristics of "small aggregation and large dispersion" outside the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province. (3) According to the strengths and weaknesses of the town and level of development, there are seven types of spatial development of inter-city border towns: strong development towns with a high standard of living, with industry and population agglomeration, with industry and public service support, with a lagging development in public service, and general towns with ecological development, ecological and tourism development, and remote and mountainous weak development towns. There is significant spatial heterogeneity between the different types of border towns. The inter-city border towns in Guangdong Province have outstanding characteristics of "core-periphery" from the perspective of the development level, and the barrier effect of the inter-city border is significant between the inside and outside of the Pearl River Delta. (4) The spatial heterogeneity of Guangdong's inter-city border towns can be attributed to five major factors: natural resource endowment and location, socio-economic development level and industrial structure, historical evolution, government policies and cultural differences. The research results can provide scientific support for countering the barrier effect of inter-city borders and formulating classification guidelines and policy measures for the development of border towns.
表1 市际边界镇空间发展类型评价指标体系Table 1 Evaluation indicators system of spatial development types of inter-city border towns |
| 准则维度 | 解释指标 | 指标含义 | 参考文献 | 指标属性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 交通发展 | 距广深港澳平均 出行时间/min | 镇街几何中心与广州、深圳、香港、澳门4个城市政府间的平均交通时间 | (徐旭 等,2007) | 负向 |
| 路网密度/(km·km-2) | 镇街行政单元内所有的道路的总长度与镇街总面积之比 | (刘彦随,2020) | 正向 | |
| 镇街特色 | 风景旅游名胜 景点数量/个 | 镇街行政范围内所拥有的风景与旅游景点的数量,反映镇街的旅游资源和特色 | (刘彦随,2020) | 正向 |
| 经济发展 | 人均GDP/(万元·人-1) | 镇街人均国内生产总值 | (王婧 等,2016) | 正向 |
| 企业数量/个 | 镇街行政范围内拥有的企业数量 | (刘彦随,2020) | 正向 | |
| 社会发展 | 科教文化设施数量/个 | 各镇街所包含的科教文化设施的兴趣点数量,设施主要包含各类型学校、科研院所、博物馆、展览馆、会展中心、美术馆、图书馆、培训机构、文化宫等 | (池娇 等,2016) | 正向 |
| 医疗卫生设施数量/个 | 各镇街所包含的医疗卫生设施的兴趣点数量,主要包含综合医院、专科医院、诊所、卫生院 | 正向 | ||
| 含省定贫困村数量/个 | 镇街行政单元所含2017年广东省认定的贫困村的数量 | (杜国明 等,2020) | 负向 | |
| 生态资源 | 地形起伏度/m | 指镇街行政单元内最高点海拔与最低点海拔高度的差值 | (封志明 等,2007) | 负向 |
| 植被覆盖指数NDVI/% | 镇街行政单元内林地、草地、农田、建设用地和未利用地5种类型的面积占被评价区域面积的比重 | (田庆久 等,1998) | 正向 | |
| 耕地面积占比/% | 镇街行政单元内水田、旱地总面积与镇域面积的比值 | (刘彦随,2020) | 正向 | |
| 人口发展 | 人口密度/(人·km-2) | 单位土地面积上的常住人口数量 | (刘彦随,2020) | 正向 |
表2 边界镇发展评价主成分因子(载荷系数>0.4)Table 2 Principal component factors of development evaluation of inter-city border towns (loading coefficient >0.4) |
| 编号 | 特征根 | 旋转前方差解释率 | 旋转后方差解释率 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 特征根 | 方差解释率/% | 累积/% | 特征根 | 方差解释率/% | 累积/% | 特征根 | 方差解释率/% | 累积/% | |||
| 1 | 5.527 | 46.055 | 46.055 | 5.527 | 46.055 | 46.055 | 2.846 | 23.713 | 23.713 | ||
| 2 | 1.508 | 12.563 | 58.618 | 1.508 | 12.563 | 58.618 | 2.677 | 22.312 | 46.025 | ||
| 3 | 1.170 | 9.753 | 68.371 | 1.170 | 9.753 | 68.371 | 1.812 | 15.102 | 61.128 | ||
| 4 | 0.836 | 6.968 | 75.339 | 0.836 | 6.968 | 75.339 | 1.312 | 10.931 | 72.059 | ||
| 5 | 0.720 | 6.002 | 81.341 | 0.720 | 6.002 | 81.341 | 1.114 | 9.283 | 81.341 | ||
| 6 | 0.546 | 4.551 | 85.892 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| … | … | … | … | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 12 | 0.109 | 0.911 | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
表3 因子分析主因子载荷系数(旋转后)Table 3 Loading coefficient of factor analysis (rotated component matrix) |
| 名称 | 因子载荷系数 | 共同度(公因子方差) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 因子F1 | 因子F2 | 因子F3 | 因子F4 | 因子F5 | ||
| 科教文化设施数量 | 0.906 | 0.146 | 0.035 | 0.230 | -0.020 | 0.710 |
| 医疗卫生设施数量 | 0.851 | 0.355 | -0.028 | 0.160 | -0.002 | 0.836 |
| 风景名胜旅游景点 | 0.697 | 0.355 | 0.205 | -0.145 | -0.230 | 0.888 |
| 路网密度 | 0.533 | 0.566 | 0.316 | 0.068 | -0.207 | 0.773 |
| 工业企业数量 | 0.320 | 0.763 | -0.054 | 0.149 | -0.027 | 0.850 |
| 距广深港澳平均出行时间 | -0.099 | -0.654 | -0.017 | -0.515 | 0.100 | 0.751 |
| 人口密度 | 0.353 | 0.739 | 0.180 | -0.195 | -0.173 | 0.727 |
| 植被覆盖指数 | -0.474 | -0.587 | -0.486 | -0.220 | 0.183 | 0.775 |
| 耕地面积占比 | -0.038 | -0.107 | 0.914 | -0.024 | 0.036 | 0.876 |
| 地形起伏度 | -0.207 | -0.381 | -0.746 | -0.06 | 0.165 | 0.896 |
| 人均GDP | 0.152 | 0.056 | 0.032 | 0.887 | -0.150 | 0.710 |
| 含省定贫困村数 | -0.099 | -0.153 | -0.065 | -0.182 | 0.946 | 0.967 |
| 特征根 | 2.846 | 2.677 | 1.812 | 1.312 | 1.114 | — |
| 方差解释率 | 23.713 | 22.312 | 15.102 | 10.931 | 9.283 | — |
| Z值 | 15.623 | 32.368 | 34.103 | 24.231 | 8.090 | — |
| Moran's I | 0.359 | 0.754 | 0.799 | 0.564 | 0.188 | — |
表4 市际边界城镇发展特征判别Table 4 The distinguishing of development characteristics of inter-city border towns |
| 类型 | 项目数量/个 | 均值/平方和均值 | F1:公共服务设施与 旅游资源类 | F2:企业与人口 集聚类 | F3:生态本底 资源类 | F4:人民生活 水平类 | F5: 边缘艰苦类 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 类型一 | 16 | 均值 | 4.318 | -0.829 | -0.223 | 1.191 | -0.101 |
| 平方和均值 | 21.727 | 1.650 | 0.451 | 5.508 | 0.393 | ||
| 类型二 | 32 | 均值 | -0.135 | 2.743 | 0.036 | -0.037 | -0.395 |
| 平方和均值 | 0.388 | 8.831 | 0.376 | 0.949 | 0.298 | ||
| 类型三 | 17 | 均值 | 2.127 | 2.048 | -0.605 | -0.071 | -0.149 |
| 平方和均值 | 4.953 | 5.852 | 0.844 | 0.855 | 0.391 | ||
| 类型四 | 72 | 均值 | -0.342 | 0.277 | 0.844 | 1.481 | -0.375 |
| 平方和均值 | 0.385 | 0.508 | 1.349 | 3.462 | 0.207 | ||
| 类型五 | 257 | 均值 | -0.303 | -0.339 | -0.666 | -0.133 | -0.288 |
| 平方和均值 | 0.192 | 0.286 | 0.654 | 0.337 | 0.402 | ||
| 类型六 | 92 | 均值 | 0.113 | -0.409 | 1.353 | -0.753 | -0.355 |
| 平方和均值 | 0.339 | 0.398 | 2.361 | 0.832 | 0.578 | ||
| 类型七 | 78 | 均值 | -0.112 | -0.059 | -0.019 | -0.254 | 1.929 |
| 平方和均值 | 0.134 | 0.099 | 0.603 | 0.226 | 4.732 |
表5 产业与人口集聚型发展强镇Table 5 Strong development towns with industry and population agglomeration |
| 所属市 所属区 镇(街道) | ||
|---|---|---|
| 东莞市 | 东莞市 | 凤岗镇、高埗镇、黄江镇、企石镇、 桥头镇、清溪镇、沙田镇、石碣镇、 石龙镇、石排镇、塘厦镇、中堂镇 |
| 佛山市 | 南海区 | 里水镇 |
| 顺德区 | 陈村镇、均安镇、伦教街道 | |
| 广州市 | 主城区 | 东漖街道、桥中街道 |
| 花都区 | 芙蓉镇 | |
| 深圳市 | 坪山区 | 坑梓街道 |
| 龙岗区 | 平湖街道、坪地街道 | |
| 光明区 | 新湖街道 | |
| 肇庆市 | 德庆县 | 德城街道 |
| 四会市 | 大旺经济开发区 | |
| 中山市 | 中山市 | 大涌镇、东凤镇、古镇镇、横栏镇、南头镇、三乡镇、小榄镇 |
表6 产业与公服配套型发展强镇Table 6 Strong development towns with industry and public service supporting |
| 所属市 | 所属区 | 镇(街道) |
|---|---|---|
| 东莞市 | 东莞市 | 大朗镇、大岭山镇、虎门镇、长安镇 |
| 佛山市 | 南海区 | 大沥镇、狮山镇 |
| 顺德区 | 大良街道、容桂街道 | |
| 广州市 | 番禺区 | 东环街道 |
| 花都区 | 狮岭镇 | |
| 增城区 | 荔城街道 | |
| 江门市 | 新会区 | 沙坪街道、外海街道 |
| 深圳市 | 宝安区 | 沙井街道、松岗街道 |
| 龙华区 | 观澜街道 | |
| 龙岗区 | 横岗街道 |

1 www.gscloud.cn
2 http://www.resdc.cn/
廖开怀:主要完成文章概念的形成,指标体系的构建,结果分析等内容;
陈姝卉:主要完成数据的收集、处理与演算,图件的制作等内容。
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