广州“5·21”新冠肺炎疫情时空演化与防控管理
李文辉(1980—),男,广东惠州人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为数理统计与疫情地理、专利计量与创新地理,(E-mail)liwenhui@m.scnu.edu.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2021-11-17
修回日期: 2022-01-20
网络出版日期: 2022-10-28
基金资助
国家社科基金重大项目(21ZDA011)
国家自然科学基金项目(41871107)
Temporal and Spatial Evolution and Prevention and Control Management of the "5·21" COVID-19 in Guangzhou
Received date: 2021-11-17
Revised date: 2022-01-20
Online published: 2022-10-28
广州“5·21”新冠肺炎疫情是境内首起由新冠病毒“德尔塔”(Delta)变异毒株引发的本土疫情。以广州“5·21”疫情感染者为对象,采用统计分析、文本分析和社会网络分析方法,分析本土境外输入关联疫情的统计特征、扩散网络与防控管理。研究结论主要有:1)广州“5·21”疫情感染者以老年人居多,感染者潜伏期较短,病毒传播速度快。核酸检测筛查可将病毒传播的风险精准控制在已知范围;行程轨迹可以辅助及时厘清病毒传播链条,切断传播途径。2)感染者所在区和镇街、重点防控区域、分级分类防控管理区域呈片状和点状分布,感染者在少数镇街呈集聚分布特征,疫情传播以接触扩散为主、兼具跳跃扩散的特征。3)疫情扩散传播网络以“簇状”和“链状”为主,网络整体呈现一定“小世界”特征;网络节点层面指标值较高的节点处于疫情接触扩散传播网络的关键路径,是疫情分级分类防控管理的重点对象。4)疫情分级分类防控管理应做好出入管理、社区管控、居家隔离、需求保障、生活垃圾处理、环境消杀、健康监测和服务、核酸检测、宣传引导和管控解除等工作。
李文辉 , 陈丽茹 , 冼楚盈 , 孙彩歌 . 广州“5·21”新冠肺炎疫情时空演化与防控管理[J]. 热带地理, 2022 , 42(10) : 1713 -1723 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003488
The "5·21" epidemic in Guangzhou was the first local outbreak in China caused by the COVID-19 mutation (Delta). This study analyzed the statistical characteristics, diffusion network, and prevention and control management of the epidemic domestically and globally, using infected persons during the "5·21" epidemic in Guangzhou as an example. The research methods include statistical analysis, text analysis and social network analysis. The research conclusions showed: (1) that most infected people during the epidemic were older adults. The virus incubation period was short and spread quickly. Furthermore, nucleic acid detection and screening can accurately control the risk of virus transmission within a known range. The virus's travel path in Guangzhou helped clarify the transmission chain timeously and cut off the transmission route. (2) The infected persons in Guanzhou were distributed in fragments and distributed throughout the region, town streets, key areas, and designated prevention and control management areas. The infected persons were clustered in a few towns and streets in Guangzhou. The epidemic spread in Guangzhou is mainly due to interpersonal contact and has airborne spread characteristics. (3) The virus spread happened in "cluster" and "chain" formations. This network presents "small world" characteristics as a whole. In Guangzhou, nodes with high index values at the network node level have established extensive contact relations with other nodes and are on the key path of the epidemic contact diffusion network. They are the key objects of hierarchical and classified epidemic prevention and control management. (4) The "5·21" epidemic situation in Guangzhou shows the hierarchical and classified prevention and control management measures should include 10 aspects: access management, community control, home isolation, demand guarantee, domestic waste treatment, environment disinfection, health monitoring and services, nucleic acid detection, publicity and guidance, control lifting.
表1 广州“5·21”疫情扩散网络分析指标体系Table 1 The analysis index system of diffusion network for "5·21" epidemic situation in Guangzhou |
网络层级 | 衡量指标 | 计算公式 | 指标说明 |
---|---|---|---|
整体层面 | 节点数 | N=|V| (1) | 反映网络的规模 |
边数 | M=|E| (2) | ||
密度 | (3) | 反映网络的 紧凑程度 | |
平均路径长度 | (4) | 反映网络中信息 传递的效率 | |
节点层面 | 节点度 | (5) | 衡量网络节点的 基本特征 |
度数中心性 | (6) | 反映网络节点地位 最直接的指标 | |
中间中心性 | (7) | ||
接近中心性 | (8) | 反映网络节点的独立性 |
|
表2 广州“5·21”疫情重点防控区域数量区域分布情况Tab.2 The number and distribution of key prevention and control areas for "5·21" epidemic situation in Guangzhou |
序号 | 所在区 | 涉及镇街数量/个 | 重点防控区域数量/个 |
---|---|---|---|
合计 | 43 | 243 | |
1 | 荔湾 | 12 | 94 |
2 | 南沙 | 4 | 63 |
3 | 海珠 | 8 | 29 |
4 | 番禺 | 3 | 25 |
5 | 越秀 | 7 | 14 |
6 | 白云 | 3 | 10 |
7 | 天河 | 5 | 6 |
8 | 黄埔 | 1 | 2 |
表3 广州“5·21”疫情感染者扩散传播网络节点层面指标特征(TOP5)Table 3 The characteristics of indicators at the node level of infected people's diffusion network for "5·21" epidemic situation in Guangzhou |
节点 | 节点度 | 度数中心性 | 中间中心性 | 接近中心性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
GDGZ0528-5 | 15 | 9.868 | 1.821 | — |
GDGZ0526-2 | 10 | 6.250 | 2.531 | 0.799 |
GDGZ0606-1 | 8 | 5.263 | — | — |
GDGZ0606-2 | 8 | 5.263 | — | — |
GDGZ0607-7 | 6 | 3.947 | — | — |
GDGZ0526-1 | 6 | 3.947 | 1.229 | 0.798 |
GDGZ0527-2 | — | — | 1.621 | 0.798 |
GDGZ0605-3 | — | — | 1.155 | 0.798 |
GDGZ0526-3 | — | — | — | 0.798 |
GDGZ0526-4 | — | — | — | 0.798 |
表4 广州“5·21”疫情分级分类防控管控管理措施Table 4 The hierarchical and classified prevention and control management measures for "5·21" epidemic situation in Guangzhou |
管理措施 | 封闭管理 | 封控管理 | 闭环管理 |
---|---|---|---|
出入管理 | 相关区域设置卡口,实行24 h值守 | ||
相关区域仅保留一个出入口;人员只进不出,车辆禁止通行;人员 就医等需求需提供相关佐证方可出入,出入时规范防护,严格消毒 | 出入口严格执行体温必测、口罩必戴、扫通行码、亮健康码通行;禁止非必要人员及车辆进出 | ||
社区管控 | 娱乐场所、群众性健身文化活动场所等全部停业 | ||
停止区域内所有商贸服务 | 停止区域内非生活必需的商贸服务,保留1~2家超市、肉菜市场,其员工不得离开封控管理区,工作时全程规范佩戴口罩 | 餐饮单位严禁堂食;超市、肉菜市场加强通风,限制人流,提倡非现金支付 | |
居家隔离 | 所有人员足不出户 | 不聚集不串门,在第1次核酸检测结果出具前暂实施居家隔离;持48 h内核酸检测阴性结果的,外出时尽量避免乘坐公共交通,“两点一线”往返目的地 | |
- | 待2次核酸检测结果阴性后,可以有序到社区(村)内的超市采购生活物资、领取快递以及参加非聚集性活动等 | ||
需求保障 | 关注残疾人、独居老人、外出就医等人群的特殊需求,困难人员由政府保障生活必需品的供给;物流专人管理 | 区域内公共交通限制载客量保持在限定值60%以下 | |
保障水电网络通讯畅通,引导居民网上购物,无接触配送到家 | 组织物流网络保障物资供应,区域内超市、肉菜市场为居民提供服务;可适当设置外卖、快递临时暂存点,无接触配送 | ||
生活垃圾 处理 | 普通居民产生的垃圾按“其他相关生活垃圾”处置;使用后废弃的口罩,按照生活垃圾分类要求处理 | ||
涉疫情生活垃圾清理前用含有效氯500~1 000 mg/L的消毒液或75%的酒精喷洒消毒,双层垃圾袋包装,再按照生活垃圾分类要求处理;设置指定垃圾收集装置,日产日清 | |||
环境消杀 | 严格按照操作标准开展消毒工作,重点对厢式电梯、公共楼道、公共卫生间、公共座椅、健身器材等公共区域与设施和电梯按键、楼梯扶手、单元门把手、快递柜等手经常接触的重点部位进行消毒 | 加强爱国卫生运动,清除卫生死角,加强对公共卫生间、社区活动场所、户外活动设施等公共部位以及垃圾站点的消毒 | |
健康监测和 服务 | 实施“专人包户”制度,居委和属地公安机关组成监控和服务团队,“社区三人组”负责居家观察人员健康监测,每日2次体温检测和症状询问;出现发热、咳嗽等症状人员及时送定点医院排查;辖区医疗机构负责居民日常疾病诊疗,需转区域外时及时进行核酸检测 | 落实“四个一”健康服务,指导居民自我健康检测,每日测量体温,出现发热、咳嗽等症状及时到辖区内正规医疗机构就诊,并向所在社区报备,基层医疗卫生服务机构随访;辖区医疗机构加强发热病例监测,药店强化发热等感冒药销售登记上报管理 | |
核酸检测 | 隔离第1天、第4天、第7天、第14天对区域内全体居民开展核酸检测(封闭管理区域在第10天增加1次),采样时避免人群聚集和交叉 | 根据实际情况开展核酸检测 | |
宣传引导 | 密切关注群众反映,加强对群众的心理疏导和宣传引导,营造“不造谣、不传谣、不信谣”的防控氛围,维护区域稳定 | ||
管控解除 | 14 d内无新增感染者,病例及密切接触者有效管控,环境清洁消毒合格,达到封控管理时限后,由街道(镇)提交申请,区新冠肺炎防控指挥部组织相关部门进行评估,报市新冠肺炎防控指挥部同意,解除管控 |
1 http://wjw.gz.gov.cn/
2 http://www.gz.gov.cn/zt/gzsrmzfxwfbh/index.html
李文辉:负责论文构思与撰写;
陈丽茹、冼楚盈:负责数据收集整理和建模分析;
孙彩歌:负责图表制作。
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〈 |
|
〉 |