不同类型社区绿地规模和结构对居民心理健康的影响
李红(1998—),女,陕西咸阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为行为地理学与健康地理学,(E-mail)51203901040@ stu.ecnu.edu.cn; |
收稿日期: 2022-02-12
修回日期: 2022-04-06
网络出版日期: 2023-01-05
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41971200)
The Effects of Green Space Scale and Structure on Mental Health from the Perspective of Neighborhood Differentiation
Received date: 2022-02-12
Revised date: 2022-04-06
Online published: 2023-01-05
以上海市郊区为案例地区,综合问卷调查和多源绿地数据,构建有序Logit模型分析高档、低档、近郊、远郊4类社区的社区内外绿地规模与结构对居民心理健康的影响。结果发现:1)不同社区的绿地数量与结构存在显著差异。高低档社区内的绿地差异大于近远郊社区;近郊社区的周边绿地数量优于远郊社区,但公园绿地可达性更差。2)提高社区内乔木和灌木比例、增加社区周边公园绿地可达性对心理健康有正向影响。3)低档社区居民的心理健康受到社区内植被覆盖和公园绿地可达性的显著影响,而高档社区居民对绿地空间的作用不敏感。4)近郊社区居民受到周边绿地规模和社区内植被覆盖的影响,而远郊社区绿地率和公园绿地的可达性对居民心理健康有显著作用。最后,提出对于低档和近郊社区首先需要关注社区内的绿地规划,对于高档和远郊社区应注重社区内外的绿地平衡的建议。
李红 , 塔娜 . 不同类型社区绿地规模和结构对居民心理健康的影响[J]. 热带地理, 2022 , 42(12) : 2031 -2041 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003593
Urban green spaces can purify the environment, beautify the landscape, enhance the diversity of the ecosystem, improve the quality of space, and effectively promote public health. Green spaces can also improve residents' mental health by reducing pressure, promoting outdoor exercise, and increasing social capital. The spatial difference in green space distribution aggravates the differences between different social and economic groups and has different effects on their mental health. Many studies have focused on the relationship between the green space scale and mental health; however, only a few have explored the impact of green space structure. It is necessary to study the impact of the quantity and structure of green spaces in different neighborhoods on mental health from the perspective of green space equality. Taking the suburbs of Shanghai as a case area, this study focuses on the impact of neighborhood green space on mental health by integrating a questionnaire survey and multi-source green space data. It measures the quantity and quality of neighborhood green spaces and compares them among different neighborhoods. The quantity of green space is measured by the green space rate in neighborhoods and the NDVI around 1 km distance from neighborhoods. The structure of green space consists of the vegetation community structure, foliar habits, vegetation coverage, and accessibility of parks. Then, we constructed five ordered logit models to analyze the impact of green space scale and structure in high-end, low-end, inner suburban, and outer suburban neighborhoods on the mental health of residents. As this study mainly focuses on residents' green space and mental health, the research also controls for individual socio-economic attributes, activity variables, and neighborhood-built environment variables. The results show that: 1) The scale and structure of green spaces in different neighborhoods were significantly different. The difference in green space in high- and low-end neighborhoods was more significant than that in the inner and outer suburban neighborhoods. For inner suburban neighborhoods, the quantity of green space was better, but the accessibility of parks was lower than that in outer suburban neighborhoods. 2) Increasing the proportion of trees and shrubs in the neighborhood and increasing the accessibility of parks around the neighborhood was beneficial for the residents' mental health. 3) The mental health of residents in low-end neighborhoods was significantly affected by the vegetation coverage in the neighborhood and accessibility of parks. In contrast, residents in high-end neighborhoods were not sensitive to green spaces. 4) Residents in the inner suburban neighborhood were affected by the scale of surrounding green space and vegetation coverage in the neighborhood. In contrast, the green space rate and park accessibility in outer suburban neighborhoods had significant effects on the mental health of residents. Through research on low-end and inner suburban neighborhoods, attention should be paid to greenspace planning in the neighborhood. In contrast, for high-end and outer suburban neighborhoods, attention should be paid to the balance of green space inside and outside the neighborhood. This study considers both quantity and structural indicators of neighborhood green spaces, analyzes the impact of green space on mental health from the perspective of neighborhood differentiation, and enriches previous green space and mental health research that only focused on the measurement indicators of the quantity of green space.
表1 社区类型与居民心理健康评价Table 1 Neighborhood types and residents' mental health status |
社区类别 | 社区编号 | 建成年代 | 住房类型 | 平均得分 |
---|---|---|---|---|
高档近郊 | c-2 | 2007 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.11 |
e-2 | 2003 | 商品房 | 4.00 | |
e-7 | 2003 | 商品房 | 3.70 | |
g-2 | 2005 | 商品房 | 4.31 | |
g-4 | 1995 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.05 | |
h-1 | 2016 | 商品房 | 3.89 | |
i-5 | 1997 | 商品房 | 5.00 | |
高档远郊 | b-3 | 2009 | 商品房 | 3.50 |
b-4 | 2013 | 商品房 | 3.96 | |
b-5 | 2010 | 商品房 | 4.33 | |
b-6 | 2014 | 商品房 | 4.17 | |
d-2 | 2004 | 商品房 | 4.55 | |
d-5 | 1989 | 售后公房-商品房 | 4.29 | |
f-2 | 2013 | 商品房 | 4.06 | |
低档近郊 | a-1 | 1995 | 经济适用房-商品房 | 4.09 |
a-2 | 2006 | 商品房 | 4.00 | |
c-1 | 2006 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.00 | |
e-1 | 1996 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.00 | |
e-3 | 1994 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.00 | |
e-4 | 2004 | 单位分房-商品房 | 4.00 | |
e-5 | 1985 | 自建房,私房 | 4.20 | |
e-6 | 1995 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.00 | |
e-8 | 1994 | 自建房,私房 | 4.09 | |
e-9 | 2005 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 3.67 | |
g-1 | 2002 | 商品房 | 3.63 | |
g-3 | 2004 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.31 | |
h-2 | 2007 | 商品房 | 4.11 | |
h-3 | 2004 | 商品房 | 4.00 | |
h-4 | 1989 | 商品房 | 4.25 | |
h-5 | 1970 | 自建房,私房 | 3.89 | |
h-6 | 2004 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.23 | |
h-7 | 2007 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 4.50 | |
h-8 | 2005 | 商品房 | 3.58 | |
i-1 | 2000 | 拆迁安置房 | 4.06 | |
i-2 | 2000 | 商品房 | 3.43 | |
i-3 | 1998 | 商品房 | 4.00 | |
i-4 | 2004 | 商品房 | 3.92 | |
j-1 | 1991 | 自建房 | 4.33 | |
j-2 | 2000 | 商品房 | 4.38 | |
j-4 | 2003 | 商品房 | 3.67 | |
低档远郊 | b-1 | 2000 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 3.94 |
b-2 | 2010 | 拆迁安置房-商品房 | 3.67 | |
d-3 | 2015 | 商品房 | 4.50 | |
d-4 | 1991 | 商品房 | 4.27 | |
d-6 | 2005 | 商品房 | 4.00 | |
d-7 | 2005 | 拆迁安置房 | 4.44 | |
f-1 | 2008 | 商品房 | 4.33 | |
f-3 | 2006 | 商品房 | 3.97 |
表2 不同社区内部绿地差异Table 2 Differences in green space in neighborhoods |
绿地变量 | 社区类型 | 组间差异F值 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高档 近郊 | 高档 远郊 | 低档 近郊 | 低档 远郊 | ||||
绿地 数量 | 绿地率/% | 平均值 | 36.71 | 36.54 | 33.36 | 35.56 | 2.87*** |
标准差 | 5.41 | 19.41 | 11.36 | 6.62 | |||
植被 覆盖 | 乔/% | 平均值 | 86.37 | 72.61 | 78.11 | 69.38 | 17.19*** |
标准差 | 13.22 | 18.35 | 15.38 | 14.37 | |||
灌/% | 平均值 | 12.21 | 20.26 | 17.37 | 23.41 | 6.61*** | |
标准差 | 11.73 | 17.14 | 14.34 | 9.03 | |||
草/% | 平均值 | 1.42 | 7.13 | 4.52 | 7.22 | 21.81*** | |
标准差 | 2.07 | 7.46 | 5.91 | 9.40 | |||
群落 结构 | 单层/% | 平均值 | 12.54 | 34.02 | 25.36 | 30.54 | 20.11*** |
标准差 | 22.05 | 23.78 | 16.71 | 27.54 | |||
双层/% | 平均值 | 35.50 | 44.15 | 44.60 | 31.26 | 20.87*** | |
标准差 | 12.96 | 17.44 | 15.72 | 10.35 | |||
多层/% | 平均值 | 50.62 | 21.58 | 28.48 | 38.16 | 53.85*** | |
标准差 | 27.72 | 19.23 | 14.80 | 28.63 | |||
树种 结构 | 常绿/% | 平均值 | 61.66 | 68.44 | 72.82 | 74.38 | 9.52*** |
标准差 | 19.58 | 17.81 | 20.01 | 18.88 | |||
落叶/% | 平均值 | 3.12 | 7.57 | 6.79 | 4.10 | 4.17*** | |
标准差 | 3.93 | 2.93 | 10.42 | 4.17 | |||
混合/% | 平均值 | 33.84 | 23.98 | 19.78 | 21.43 | 19.86*** | |
标准差 | 14.08 | 16.08 | 13.53 | 16.92 |
|
表3 不同社区的社区外绿地差异比较Table 3 Differences in green space around neighborhoods |
绿地变量 | 社区类型 | 组间差异F值 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高档 近郊 | 高档 远郊 | 低档 近郊 | 低档 远郊 | |||
NDVI | 平均值 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.40 | 12.34*** |
标准差 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.11 | ||
到最近公园 广场距离/m | 平均值 | 1 291.87 | 1 130.09 | 1 311.46 | 1 004.08 | 10.67*** |
标准差 | 953.70 | 825.85 | 749.94 | 702.96 |
表4 绿地对心理健康影响的有序Logit模型Table 4 The effect of green space on mental health based on ordered Logit models |
变量 | 模型1 (全模型) | 模型2 (高档社区) | 模型3 (低档社区) | 模型4 (近郊社区) | 模型5 (远郊社区) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
社区划分 (参照:高档近郊) | 高档远郊 | -0.60 | — | — | — | — | |
低档近郊 | -0.49* | — | — | — | — | ||
低档远郊 | -0.79* | — | — | — | — | ||
近郊(参照:远郊) | — | -2.40* | -0.22 | — | — | ||
高档(参照:低档) | — | — | — | -0.39 | -0.10 | ||
社区内绿地 | 绿地率 | 0.34 | 3.51 | -2.15 | 0.29 | 4.15* | |
树种结构(参照:非落叶) | 落叶 | 1.81 | 10.23 | 1.36 | 1.30 | 9.92 | |
植被覆盖(参照:草) | 乔 | 4.09* | 8.62 | 3.98 | 4.05 | 1.53 | |
灌 | 5.49*** | 8.14 | 5.59** | 5.32** | -2.59 | ||
群落结构(参照:多层) | 单层 | -0.13 | -6.24 | 1.79 | 1.22 | -5.44 | |
双层 | -0.63 | -6.37 | 0.66 | -0.14 | -4.09 | ||
社区外绿地 | NDVI | -2.18 | -0.89 | -1.46 | -4.34* | -15.52 | |
到最近公园广场距离(ln) | -0.27* | -0.10 | -0.42* | -0.13 | -2.22** | ||
个体社会经济属性 | 男性 | 0.34* | 0.63* | 0.27 | 0.36 | 0.46 | |
年龄 | -0.01 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.03 | ||
教育程度(参照: 初中及以下) | 高中或大专 | -0.61** | -0.94* | -0.61* | -1.01*** | -0.16 | |
本科及以上 | -0.55* | -0.89* | -0.55 | -1.01** | 0.12 | ||
持有住房产权 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.11 | -0.15 | 0.29 | ||
居住时长 | -0.06 | -0.13 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.16 | ||
家庭月收入 | -0.04 | -0.14 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.18 | ||
有6岁以下小孩 | 0.19 | -0.10 | 0.53* | 0.16 | 0.44 | ||
家庭小汽车数量 | 0.59*** | 0.05 | 0.86*** | 0.94*** | 0.03 | ||
常联系小区人数量 | -0.04** | -0.03 | -0.05* | -0.03 | -0.07 | ||
帮助人数量 | 0.03 | -0.10 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.08 | ||
生活满意度 | 0.34*** | 0.32 | 0.46*** | 0.63*** | -0.04 | ||
活动变量 | 有社区活动 | -0.27 | -1.06** | -0.01 | -0.27 | -0.38 | |
职住距离 | -0.08 | -0.11 | -0.08 | -0.16* | 0.00 | ||
社区建成环境变量 | 社区人口密度 | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.32* | |
公交站数量 | -0.53** | -2.22 | -0.69** | -0.31 | -2.09 | ||
道路交叉口数量 | 0.32 | 2.15 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 1.58 | ||
likelihood | -515.44 | -160.32 | -333.59 | -314.69 | -174.06 | ||
LR chi2 | 52.24 | 41 | 50.34 | 0.000 4 | 39.09 | ||
Prob > chi2 | 0.003 6 | 0.031 | 0.002 9 | 0.083 6 | 0.047 8 | ||
样本量 | 524 | 177 | 347 | 326 | 198 |
李红:负责数据处理与分析,论文初稿撰写,修改与校对;
塔娜:论文设计,方法与理论指导,论文修改与提升,修改与校对。
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