回溯与反思:旅游记忆建构对自我概念扩展的影响
罗强(1997-),男,四川成都人,硕士研究生,研究方向为旅游地理与旅游体验研究,(E-mail)1121137640@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2023-01-10
修回日期: 2023-03-22
网络出版日期: 2023-11-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42071186)
陕西师范大学2021年度研究生课程思政建设项目(GERP-21-66)
Reminiscence and Introspection: Influence of Tourism Memory Construction on Expansion of Individual Self-Concept
Received date: 2023-01-10
Revised date: 2023-03-22
Online published: 2023-11-09
基于自传体记忆理论和自我扩展理论,采用定性和定量相结合的混合研究方法,在挖掘旅游记忆建构维度的基础上,探讨旅游记忆建构对旅游者自我概念扩展的影响机制。结果表明:1)旅游记忆是旅游者在场体验后,经个体筛选和重塑所形成的难忘的自传体记忆,呈现深刻性和动态建构性,其建构维度包含认知评价、互动感知和情感涉入3个方面;2)旅游记忆中的认知评价、互动感知和积极情感涉入有助于促进旅游分享行为,旅游分享又进一步显著正向影响旅游者个体自我和社会自我的扩展;3)在旅游记忆建构对自我概念扩展的直接效应中,认知评价和互动感知对个体和社会自我扩展皆具有正向作用,而积极情感涉入仅对个体自我扩展具有正向作用,其通过旅游分享间接影响社会自我扩展。
罗强 , 白凯 , 董宝玲 , 李贝贝 . 回溯与反思:旅游记忆建构对自我概念扩展的影响[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(11) : 2178 -2190 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003769
Memory is an essential structure of the tourism experience. Tourism memory construction is not only an individual's review and sublimation of on-site experience, but also the pursuit and introspection of self-meaning. Although tourism memory is unique and critical, it has not yet been fully examined in local tourism studies, resulting in the focus on on-site experience while ignoring the special role of tourism memory in shaping the landscape and constructing individual self-cognition. In this study, based on theories of autobiographical memory and self-expansion, the Grounded Theory and Structural Equation Model were adopted to investigate the influence mechanism of tourism memory construction on tourists' self-concept expansion based on excavating the dimensions of tourism memory construction. The results showed that: 1) Tourism memory is an unforgettable autobiographical memory formed by individual screening and construction after tourists' on-site experience. Its construction dimensions comprise three basic structures: cognitive appraisal, interactive perception, and affective involvement. Specifically, cognitive appraisal refers to the cognitive feelings generated by tourists based on the objective environment of destinations in their memory. Interactive perception is the participatory perception of the interaction between the host and guest and the interaction between tourists. Affective involvement reflects the emotional properties of memory, which is the corresponding emotional reaction of tourists based on cognitive appraisal and interactive perception. These three elements are interrelated and jointly shape and interpret the landscape constructing tourist' self-identity. 2) Cognitive appraisal, interactive perception, and positive affective involvement in tourism memory help promote tourism-sharing behavior, which significantly and positively influences the individual and social self-expansion of tourists. This finding confirms that cognitive and interactive memories contribute to tourism-sharing behavior. In particular, positive and negative affective involvements are remembered by tourists, but many tourists are more willing to share "positive energy" and express the positive side of tourism memories. In addition, through self-narration and self-expression, tourism sharing deepens reflection of the overall self-perception. 3) Among the direct effects of tourism memory construction on self-concept expansion, cognitive appraisal and interactive perception significantly and positively affect individual and social self-expansion, whereas positive affective involvement only positively affects individual self-expansion and indirectly affects social self-expansion by tourism sharing. Furthermore, this paper theoretically clarifies the dimensions of tourism memory construction, complements the theoretical deficiencies of post-travel memory in previous tourism experience studies, and reveals the subjective significance of tourism memory to self. This paper also introduces the concept of self-expansion in tourism research and complements self-expansion studies in nonrelational contexts. Finally, this study is a practical reference for memory marketing in destinations.
表1 旅游记忆建构的编码分析结果Table 1 The coding results of tourism memory construction |
主轴性编码 | 开放性编码 | ||
---|---|---|---|
主范畴 | 副范畴 | 概念化 | 对应标签举例 |
认知 评价 | 独特性 | 不同的环境氛围,奇异的景观资源,专门的旅游服务 | 异域风情、有烟火气、原生态/独特的地形地貌/内外交通便利、旅游项目丰富…… |
文化性 | 文化习俗,传统建筑,历史底蕴 | 西藏文明、地方手工艺/海派建筑、明清古建筑/老一辈的回忆、文物古迹…… | |
学习感 | 深入了解,增长见识 | 建筑背后的故事、名人传说/各类科普课程、康养知识…… | |
意义感 | 留下回忆,感悟人生,审视自我,自我实现 | 记录旅程、重回那个地方/洗涤心灵、审视生命、灵魂的朝圣/责任意识、自我价值/挑战自己、身心磨炼、自我激励…… | |
互动 感知 | 主客互动 | 具身体验、热情待客、购买特色商品、原真体验 | 品尝特色美食、参与旅游活动/相处融洽、热情好客、接待礼仪/伴手礼、民族饰品/正常生活不受打扰…… |
游客间互动 | 与同伴交互、与其他游客交互 | 与好友闲聊、集体活动、相互理解/结识新朋友、旅途趣事、陌生人的善意…… | |
情感 涉入 | 积极情感 | 愉悦、值得、成就感、惊喜 | 收获好心情、心情舒畅/感觉很累,但很值/努力后的快乐/超出想象…… |
消极情感 | 失望、遗憾 | 景点价格上涨、紧凑的旅行节奏/没见到朋友、没能走完全程、忘带装备…… |
表2 旅游记忆建构-自我概念扩展”模型测量指标Table 2 Indices of "tourism memory construction-self-concept expansion" |
维度 | 题项 |
---|---|
认知 评价 | 在您的记忆中,此次旅游经历 |
CA1 是独一无二的 | |
CA2 是我一生中一次重要的经历 | |
CA3 让我接触到新的人和事物 | |
CA4 让我了解了目的地的人文风貌 | |
CA5 让我有机会做一些有意义的事 | |
CA6 丰富了我的人生阅历 | |
CA7 增长了我的见识 | |
互动 感知 | 这段经历被您记住,可能因为 |
IP1 在旅游地得到当地居民的帮助(如指路等) | |
IP2 参加活动时(节庆、民俗活动和表演等)与当地居民 有良好互动 | |
IP3 充分体验了当地居民的生活 | |
IP4 和同伴或陌生人交流旅行见闻和感受 | |
积极 情感 涉入 | 回忆起这段旅游经历 |
AI1 让我沉醉其中 | |
AI2 让我身心舒畅 | |
AI3 让我很愉悦 | |
AI4 让我很珍视 | |
AI5 让我很满足 | |
个体 自我 扩展 | 回忆并分享这次旅游经历 |
ISE1 让我对外界事物有更清晰的认识 | |
ISE2 加深了我对自己的认识 | |
ISE3 让我更自信了 | |
ISE4 感觉自己和平时生活中不一样 | |
ISE5 让我对已知事物理解更透彻 | |
社会 自我 扩展 | SSE1 让我能从他人的视角来看问题 |
SSE2 让我的为人处事更加成熟 | |
SSE3 让我建立了更好的人脉资源 | |
SSE4 让我感觉自己属于某个群体 | |
旅游 分享 | TS1 我会与家人朋友谈论这次旅程 |
TS2 我会在各类平台(朋友圈、微博等)发布我这次的旅游经历 | |
TS3 我会在各类平台(朋友圈、微博等)上分享我的所见所闻 | |
TS4 我会积极分享这次的旅游经历并与他人互动(如评论) |
表3 “旅游记忆建构-自我概念扩展”模型的因子分析结果Table 3 The results of the factor analysis on "tourism memory construction-self-concept expansion" |
维度 | 题项 | CFA因子载荷 | 组合信度CR | 平均萃取方差AVE | 克朗巴哈系数Cronbach's α | EFA因子载荷 | 方差累计解释率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
认知 评价 | CA1 | 0.658 | 0.895 | 0.577 | 0.905 | 0.661 | 26.52 |
CA2 | 0.695 | 0.705 | |||||
CA3 | 0.723 | 0.705 | |||||
CA4 | 0.761 | 0.760 | |||||
CA5 | 0.771 | 0.699 | |||||
CA6 | 0.795 | 0.864 | |||||
CA7 | 0.775 | 0.862 | |||||
互动 感知 | IP1 | 0.765 | 0.808 | 0.515 | 0.801 | 0.797 | 51.79 |
IP2 | 0.806 | 0.882 | |||||
IP3 | 0.671 | 0.818 | |||||
IP4 | 0.613 | 0.566 | |||||
积极 情感 涉入 | AI1 | 0.856 | 0.938 | 0.753 | 0.933 | 0.843 | 68.35 |
AI2 | 0.934 | 0.907 | |||||
AI3 | 0.910 | 0.887 | |||||
AI4 | 0.801 | 0.749 | |||||
AI5 | 0.829 | 0.854 | |||||
个体 自我 扩展 | ISE1 | 0.714 | 0.899 | 0.642 | 0.890 | 0.802 | 40.03 |
ISE2 | 0.845 | 0.832 | |||||
ISE3 | 0.843 | 0.768 | |||||
ISE4 | 0.756 | 0.748 | |||||
ISE5 | 0.840 | 0.767 | |||||
社会 自我 扩展 | SSE1 | 0.868 | 0.865 | 0.622 | 0.877 | 0.668 | 72.80 |
SSE2 | 0.905 | 0.732 | |||||
SSE3 | 0.687 | 0.911 | |||||
SSE4 | 0.665 | 0.835 | |||||
旅游 分享 | TS1 | 0.610 | 0.894 | 0.684 | 0.887 | 0.680 | 74.71 |
TS2 | 0.889 | 0.916 | |||||
TS3 | 0.940 | 0.929 | |||||
TS4 | 0.831 | 0.907 |
表4 “旅游记忆建构-自我概念扩展”模型的相关系数与区分效度Table 4 Correlations and discriminant validity of "tourism memory construction-self-concept expansion" |
变量 | 认知评价 | 互动感知 | 积极情感涉入 | 旅游分享 | 个体自我扩展 | 社会自我扩展 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
认知评价 | 0.760 | |||||
互动感知 | 0.584*** | 0.718 | ||||
积极情感涉入 | 0.747*** | 0.496*** | 0.868 | |||
旅游分享 | 0.564*** | 0.489*** | 0.568*** | 0.827 | ||
个体自我扩展 | 0.697*** | 0.599*** | 0.562*** | 0.647*** | 0.801 | |
社会自我扩展 | 0.478*** | 0.621*** | 0.404*** | 0.567*** | 0.742*** | 0.789 |
|
表5 旅游记忆建构-自我概念扩展间接效应的Bootstrap分析Table 5 Tourism memory construction-self-concept expansion Bootstrap analysis of indirect effect |
假设 | 路径 | 间接效应值 | 95%置信区间 | 检验结论 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
自变量→中介变量→因变量 | Boot标准误 | Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI | |||
H4a | CA→TS→ISE | 0.175 1 | 0.034 5 | 0.111 3 | 0.245 3 | 部分中介 |
H4b | IP→TS→ISE | 0.111 8 | 0.025 9 | 0.065 2 | 0.168 6 | 部分中介 |
H4c | AI→TS→ISE | 0.169 7 | 0.033 5 | 0.106 3 | 0.238 0 | 部分中介 |
H4d | CA→TS→SSE | 0.128 6 | 0.035 0 | 0.065 6 | 0.201 7 | 部分中介 |
H4e | IP→TS→SSE | 0.069 0 | 0.020 3 | 0.033 2 | 0.111 6 | 部分中介 |
H4f | AI→TS→SSE | 0.138 0 | 0.035 3 | 0.070 4 | 0.211 8 | 完全中介 |
1 https://you.ctrip.com/
2 https://www.qunar.com/
3 https://www.mafengwo.cn/
罗 强:负责论文选题,构思研究设计,资料收集与数据分析,论文撰写与修改;
白 凯:论文框架、思路、逻辑指导,指导论文修改,把关论文质量;
董宝玲:参与论文构思和初稿修改,辅助数据分析;
李贝贝:参与并辅助数据收集、分析和论文修改。
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