外卖O2O与传统餐饮服务在空间分布上的竞合关系研究:共存、补充抑或替代
牛强(1978—),男,湖北宜昌人,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为信息时代的城乡规划、定量城市研究和规划分析,(E-mail)niuqiang@whu.edu.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2023-04-25
修回日期: 2023-06-30
网络出版日期: 2024-06-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(51778503)
Coopetition between Take-out and Traditional Restaurants in Spatial Distribution: Coexistence, Complementarity, or Substitution
Received date: 2023-04-25
Revised date: 2023-06-30
Online published: 2024-06-12
信息通信技术(ICT)的广泛应用引发城市餐饮业空间格局的变革,致使外卖O2O与传统餐饮服务在空间分布上的竞合关系日趋复杂。文章以武汉都市发展区为例,基于美团外卖、大众点评和联通手机信令数据,运用改进累积机会法和双变量空间自相关模型,从空间分布视角探究外卖O2O与传统餐饮服务的的空间竞合关系及其影响因素。研究发现:1)空间分布上,相较于传统餐饮服务的空间不均衡特征,外卖O2O服务更为均质化,且在近郊区增长更快;2)两者空间分布关系上,外卖O2O与传统餐饮服务整体上存在显著的空间依赖性但关联程度逐渐减弱,局部上在中心城区呈现高-高聚集,在近郊区呈现低-低聚集为主、高-低聚集为辅,反映与区位有明显关联的空间异质性;3)在两者的竞合关系上,中心城区以共存关系为主,近郊区以补充关系为主,替代关系不显著,而人口密度、餐饮店铺数量、地块属性是关键影响因素,共存关系主要存在于人口密度高、这两类餐饮店铺数量多的成熟居住区,补充关系主要存在于人口密度低、外卖店铺数量多且传统餐饮店数量少的居住-工业混合布局地区。
牛强 , 郭艺凯 , 伍磊 . 外卖O2O与传统餐饮服务在空间分布上的竞合关系研究:共存、补充抑或替代[J]. 热带地理, 2024 , 44(8) : 1435 -1448 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20230285
The widespread adoption of information and communication technologies has reshaped the spatial dynamics of the catering industry, rendering the coopetition relations between take-out and traditional restaurants in spatial distribution increasingly intricate. Leveraging data from Meituan takeout, Dianping, and Unicom mobile signaling, we utilized the Wuhan metropolitan area as a case study. Employing the improved cumulative opportunity method and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model, this study delved into the coopetition dynamics between take-out and traditional restaurants in terms of spatial distribution, unveiling the factors influencing these relations. Our research yielded three primary findings. Firstly, from a spatial distribution perspective, traditional catering services display spatial disparities, while take-out online-to-offline (O2O) services exhibit greater homogeneity, particularly proliferating in suburban areas. Secondly, regarding spatial distribution relationships, a significant spatial dependence between takeout O2O and traditional catering services was evident overall, albeit with a gradual weakening of correlation. From a local perspective, the spatial correlation dendrogram reveals that "High-High" coupling prevails as the primary spatial correlation pattern in the central urban area. Conversely, in suburban regions, there is a phenomenon of "Low-Low" clusters as the primary and "High-Low" clusters as the secondary, indicating significant spatial heterogeneity associated with location. Thirdly, concerning the coopetition relationships between take-out and traditional restaurants in terms of spatial distribution, the coexistence relationship dominates in the central urban area, while the complementarity relationship prevails in suburban areas, with the substitution relationship being insignificant in either region. Population density, the number of restaurants, and land attributes significantly impact coopetition relations between take-out and traditional restaurants. The coexistence relationship primarily thrives in mature residential areas characterized by high population densities and a substantial presence of both takeout and traditional restaurants. Conversely, the complementarity relationship predominantly exists in residential industrial mixed-layout areas characterized by low population densities, a significant number of takeout restaurants, and a small number of traditional restaurants.
图3 武汉市外卖O2O(a、b)与传统餐饮(c、d)服务水平的空间分布Fig.3 Spatial distribution of the service level of take-out restaurant (a, b) and traditional restaurant (c, d) in Wuhan City |
餐饮店类型 | 2018年 | 2019年 |
---|---|---|
外卖 O2O | ![]() | |
传统 | ![]() |
图6 不同聚集区的外卖O2O与传统餐饮服务水平变化量Fig.6 The amount of change in the service level of take-out restaurant and traditional restaurant in different clusters |
图7 不同聚集区的人口及设施分布情况Fig.7 Distribution of population and facilities in different clusters |
表1 不同聚集区的典型地块分析Table 1 Analysis of typical plots in different clusters |
聚集区类型 | 区位 | 人口分布情况 | 设施分布情况 | 空间属性 | 主要结论 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高-高 | 中心城区A1 | ![]() | ![]() | 高密度居住建成区(南湖组团中部) | 位于人口密度高、外卖店铺与传统餐饮店数量均多的城区居住区 |
近郊区A2 | ![]() | ![]() | 高密度居住建成区(吴家山) | 位于人口密度高、外卖店铺与传统餐饮店数量均多的近郊居住区 | |
低-低 | 中心城区B1 | — | — | — | — |
近郊区B2 | ![]() | ![]() | 工业园区(南部新城组群西侧) | 位于人口密度低、仅存在少量传统餐饮店的近郊工业园区 | |
低-高 | 中心城区C1 | ![]() | ![]() | 高密度居住建成区(南湖组团西侧) | 位于人口密度高、外卖店铺数量稀少、传统餐饮店数量多的城区居住区 |
近郊区C2 | ![]() | ![]() | 高密度居住建成区(纸坊新城) | 位于人口密度高、外卖店铺数量适中、传统餐饮店数量多的近郊居住区 | |
高-低 | 中心城区D1 | — | — | — | — |
近郊区D2 | ![]() | ![]() | 居住-工业 混合布局地区 (武钢组团南侧) | 位于人口密度低、外卖店铺数量较多、传统餐饮店数量较少的近郊居住-工业混合布局地区 | |
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1 联通“智慧足迹”数据平台开放了基于联通全量手机用户信令数据通过大数据平台处理生成的用户驻留和出行位置数据,辅以用户入网基础属性和通信相关偏好属性,为全面进行人口分析提供决策支撑。
2 店铺送达时长主要包括商户出餐时间和实际配送时间,而商户出餐时间集中在10~15 min。具体可参见https://www.keloop.cn/information/art12372.html。
3 虽然江汉区、硚口区、汉阳区和武昌区也完全位于研究范围内,但区政府未公布当年餐饮业的营业额数据,因此未纳入相关性检验。
牛 强:提出研究思路,修订研究方案,修改论文,课题基金支持;
郭艺凯:论文撰写与修改,数据搜集与处理;
伍 磊:行文逻辑与理论梳理。
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