1978—2020年中国台风灾害灾情时空分布格局及影响因素分析
张鹏(1984—),男,山东济南人,博士,研究员,研究方向为灾害风险管理、应用统计学,(E-mail)zhangpeng_ndrcc@163.com; |
收稿日期: 2023-12-07
修回日期: 2024-05-11
网络出版日期: 2024-06-13
基金资助
国家重点研发计划专项项目(2022YFC3006400)
Analysis of Temporal-Spatial Patterns and Impact Factors of Typhoon Disaster Losses in China from 1978 to 2020
Received date: 2023-12-07
Revised date: 2024-05-11
Online published: 2024-06-13
为探究中国台风灾害影响和灾情的时空分布及演化规律,基于县域经济社会和灾情统计数据、历史台风风雨数据、高精度地形数据等资料,以县级行政区为空间单元,采用时序统计分析法、重心模型、地理探测器、空间相关分析、地理加权回归等方法,对1978—2020年中国台风灾害灾情的时空分布格局及影响因素进行分析,结果显示:1)台风灾害造成的死亡失踪人口、倒损房屋数量和每百万人口死亡失踪率、直接经济损失占GDP的比重均呈下降趋势,防灾减灾工作取得显著成效;2)台风灾害灾情重心随沿海地区经济发展南移,灾害影响呈现沿海地区减轻、内陆地区加重的特征;3)台风引发的风雨是灾情的主要驱动因素,地形因素是造成人员死亡失踪和农作物损失的驱动因素之一;4)浙江闽北、粤西桂东两大区域灾情集聚特征显著,与台风活动规律和经济发展水平密切相关;5)局部地区生产总值与灾情呈负相关关系,反映经济社会发展对防灾减灾能力的促进作用。
张鹏 , 张云霞 , 汪洋 , 丁一 , 尹宜舟 , 董震 , 武喜红 . 1978—2020年中国台风灾害灾情时空分布格局及影响因素分析[J]. 热带地理, 2024 , 44(6) : 1047 -1063 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20230961
Typhoons are among the most significant natural disasters affecting the eastern and southern coastal regions of China, inflicting substantial annual damage on both coastal and inland areas. Since the initiation of the reform and opening-up policy, the socioeconomic development of the coastal regions of China has been swift, leading to increased exposure to typhoons. In the context of global climate change, typhoons are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in China. Therefore, researching on the spatiotemporal pattern characteristics of typhoons impacting China is of critical importance for understanding the impact patterns and risk changes of typhoon disasters, as well as for formulating policies on disaster response, prevention, and mitigation. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the formulation of such policies. Based on these objectives, this study utilized a comprehensive dataset, including county-level socioeconomic and disaster statistics, historical typhoon wind and rainfall data, and high-precision topographic data. Using county-level administrative regions as spatial units, this study employed various methods, such as time-series statistical analysis, gravity model, geographical detector, spatial correlation analysis, and geographically weighted regression, to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and influencing factors of typhoon disaster conditions in China from 1978 to 2020. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The number of deaths and missing persons, quantity of damaged housing, death, and missing rate per million people, and proportion of direct economic loss to GDP caused by typhoon disasters have all shown a declining trend, indicating significant achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. (2) The center of gravity of typhoon disaster-related losses has shifted southward, corresponding with the economic development of coastal regions, demonstrating a reduced disaster impact in coastal areas and an increased impact in inland areas. (3) Wind and rain induced by typhoons are the primary driving factors of disaster conditions, and topographical factors are also drivers of casualties and crop loss. (4) The two major regions, Zhejiang-Northern Fujian and Western Guangdong-Eastern Guangxi, exhibit significant characteristics of disaster condition agglomeration, closely related to typhoon activity patterns and levels of economic development. (5) There is a negative correlation between the gross local product and disaster conditions in some areas, reflecting the role of socioeconomic development in enhancing the capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation.
表1 数据资料来源Table 1 Source of data |
数据名称 | 时间范围 | 数据来源 | 数据格式 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|
历史台风灾情数据 | 1978—2020年 | 国家减灾中心灾情数据库 | 县级行政区 统计数据 | 属性信息:受灾人口、死亡失踪人口、农作物受灾 面积、倒损房屋间数、直接经济损失 |
历史降水监测数据 | 1978—2020年 | 国家青藏高原科学数据中心1) | 0.25°×0.25°格网 | 属性信息:逐日24 h降水量 |
历史风速监测数据 | 1978—2020年 | 国家气候中心 | 0.25°×0.25°格网 | 属性信息:逐日24 h平均风速 |
高程(DEM)数据 | 2009年 | 中国科学院计算机网络信息 中心地理空间数据云平台2) | 30 m×30 m格网 | 版本ASTER GDEM V2 |
基础地理数据 | 2020年 | 国家基础地理信息中心 | 面图层 | 1:100万县级行政区边界 |
历史社会经济数据 | 1978—2020年 | 地方统计年鉴、国民经济和 社会发展统计公报 | 县级行政区 统计数据 | 属性信息:年末总人口、农作物播种面积、地区生产 总值 |
历史台风路径数据 | 1978—2020年 | 中国气象局上海台风研究所3) | 文本格式 | 属性信息:台风编号、强度、时间、经度、纬度 |
表2 模型变量描述Table 2 Description of model variables |
变量类型 | 变量名称 | 缩写 | 单位 | 变量描述 |
---|---|---|---|---|
灾情 | 受灾人口 | AFP | 人 | 因台风灾害遭受损失或影响的人口数 |
死亡失踪人口 | DET | 人 | 因台风灾害导致的死亡人数和失踪人数 | |
农作物受灾面积 | AFC | hm2 | 因台风灾害导致减产一成(含)以上的农作物播种面积 | |
农作物绝收面积 | DEC | hm2 | 因台风灾害导致减产八成(含)以上的农作物播种面积 | |
倒损房屋间数 | DAH | 间 | 因台风灾害造成倒塌或损坏的房屋间数 | |
直接经济损失 | DEL | 万元 | 因台风灾害导致的直接经济损失(按实物重置价格计算) | |
致灾因子 | 暴雨日数 | prec50 | d | 因台风引发的暴雨及以上(24 h降水量≥50 mm)日数 |
大暴雨日数 | prec100 | d | 因台风引发的大暴雨及以上(24 h降水量≥100 mm)日数 | |
特大暴雨日数 | prec250 | d | 因台风引发的特大暴雨(24 h降水量≥250 mm)日数 | |
第一级风速日数 | wind1 | d | 因台风引发的平均风速超过2.17 m/s的日数 | |
第二级风速日数 | wind2 | d | 因台风引发的平均风速超过3.57 m/s的日数 | |
第三级风速日数 | wind3 | d | 因台风引发的平均风速超过5.96 m/s的日数 | |
承灾体 | 年末总人口 | POP | 万人 | 每年12月31日T 24:00的人口数 |
农作物播种面积 | CRP | hm2 | 实际播种或移植有农作物的面积 | |
地区生产总值 | GRP | 万元 | 地区经济中所生产的全部最终产品的价值总和 | |
孕灾环境 | 坡度1级占比 | slop1 | % | 坡度≤6°区域在地理单元内的占比 |
坡度2级占比 | slop2 | % | 坡度6°~13°区域在地理单元内的占比(范围区间左开右闭,下同) | |
坡度3级占比 | slop3 | % | 坡度13°~21°区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
坡度4级占比 | slop4 | % | 坡度21°~31°区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
坡度5级占比 | slop5 | % | 坡度>31°区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
高程标准差1级占比 | dem1 | % | 高程标准差≤50 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
高程标准差2级占比 | dem2 | % | 高程标准差50~169 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
高程标准差3级占比 | dem3 | % | 高程标准差169~372 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
高程标准差4级占比 | dem4 | % | 高程标准差372~828 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
高程标准差5级占比 | dem5 | % | 高程标准差>828 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
起伏度1级占比 | relf1 | % | 地形起伏度≤48 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
起伏度2级占比 | relf2 | % | 地形起伏度48~111 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
起伏度3级占比 | relf3 | % | 地形起伏度111~177 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
起伏度4级占比 | relf4 | % | 地形起伏度177~257 m区域在地理单元内的占比 | |
起伏度5级占比 | relf5 | % | 地形起伏度>257 m区域在地理单元内的占比 |
表3 台风灾情主要驱动因子及贡献度Table 3 Main driving factors and their contributions to typhoon disaster loss indices |
灾情指标 | 总体维度 | 逐年维度 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
主要驱动因子 | 贡献度 值(占比/%) | 主要驱动因子 | 贡献度 值(占比/%) | ||
受灾人口 | 第三级风速日数 | 0.256 1(15.2) | 年末总人口 | 0.100 5(25.1) | |
第一级风速日数 | 0.253 3(15.1) | 大暴雨日数 | 0.040 7(10.2) | ||
暴雨日数 | 0.229 1(13.6) | 第三级风速日数 | 0.032 5(8.1) | ||
大暴雨日数 | 0.210 8(12.5) | 暴雨日数 | 0.030 1(7.5) | ||
死亡失踪人口 | 第一级风速日数 | 0.131 1(11.1) | 大暴雨日数 | 0.0137(12.8) | |
大暴雨日数 | 0.116 5(9.8) | 地区生产总值 | 0.010 2(9.5) | ||
暴雨日数 | 0.114 1(9.6) | 坡度5级占比 | 0.007 9(7.3) | ||
第三级风速日数 | 0.112 2(9.5) | 第三级风速日数 | 0.006 9(6.4) | ||
高程标准差3级占比 | 0.076 2(6.4) | 高程标准差3级占比 | 0.006 5(6.0) | ||
第二级风速日数 | 0.072 5(6.1) | 暴雨日数 | 0.006 0(5.6) | ||
高程标准差4级占比 | 0.005 7(5.3) | ||||
农作物受灾面积 | 第一级风速日数 | 0.296 2(17.2) | 农作物播种面积 | 0.050 6(10.0) | |
第三级风速日数 | 0.281 7(16.4) | 高程标准差1级占比 | 0.039 0(7.7) | ||
第二级风速日数 | 0.256 0(14.9) | 第三级风速日数 | 0.034 9(6.9) | ||
暴雨日数 | 0.242 5(14.1) | 坡度3级占比 | 0.034 8(6.9) | ||
年末总人口 | 0.031 2(6.1) | ||||
大暴雨日数 | 0.030 5(6.0) | ||||
坡度1级占比 | 0.025 1(4.9) | ||||
地形起伏度3级占比 | 0.023 3(4.6) | ||||
倒损房屋间数 | 第一级风速日数 | 0.156 7(18.4) | 大暴雨日数 | 0.010 2(14.8) | |
暴雨日数 | 0.140 6(16.5) | 暴雨日数 | 0.009 8(14.0) | ||
第三级风速日数 | 0.100 2(11.7) | 年末总人口 | 0.006 2(8.9) | ||
大暴雨日数 | 0.092 9(10.9) | 第三级风速日数 | 0.005 1(7.4) | ||
地区生产总值 | 0.004 9(6.1) | ||||
直接经济损失 | 第一级风速日数 | 0.398 1(18.5) | 大暴雨日数 | 0.048 5(18.0) | |
第三级风速日数 | 0.354 7(16.5) | 第三级风速日数 | 0.037 4(13.9) | ||
第二级风速日数 | 0.314 2(14.6) | 暴雨日数 | 0.026 0(9.6) | ||
暴雨日数 | 0.246 3(11.5) | 第一级风速日数 | 0.025 5(9.5) |
表4 台风灾情指标全局莫兰指数Table 4 Global Moran's I for typhoon disaster loss indices |
时段 | 受灾人口 | 农作物受灾面积 | 倒损房屋 间数 | 直接经济 损失 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978—2020年 | 0.395 9 | 0.413 2 | 0.264 3 | 0.579 3 |
1978—1990年 | 0.237 9 | 0.217 1 | 0.174 5 | 0.190 1 |
1991—2000年 | 0.208 3 | 0.179 0 | 0.207 0 | 0.401 6 |
2001—2010年 | 0.262 8 | 0.324 0 | 0.067 8 | 0.381 9 |
2011—2020年 | 0.661 7 | 0.588 9 | 0.374 8 | 0.536 9 |
|
张 鹏:模型构建与数据分析,论文撰写与修改;
张云霞:整体构架与方法梳理,论文撰写与修改;
汪 洋:数据收集与处理,数据与结论分析;
丁 一:数据收集与处理,空间数据制备;
尹宜舟:数据收集与处理,数据与结论分析;
董 震:统计数据处理,图表绘制;
武喜红:空间数据处理,图表绘制。
Brunsdon C, Fotheringham A S, and Charlton M E. 1996. Geographically Weighted Regression: A Method for Exploring Spatial Nonstationarity. Geographical Analysis, 28(4): 281-298.
|
陈玉林,周军,马奋华. 2005. 登陆我国台风研究概述. 气象科学,25(3):319-329.
Chen Yulin, Zhou Jun, and Ma Fenhua. 2005. Recent Progress of Study on China Landfalling Typhoons. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, 25(3): 319-329.
|
崔鹏. 2014. 中国山地灾害研究进展与未来应关注的科学问题. 地理科学进展,33(2):145-152.
Cui Peng. 2014. Progress and Prospects in Research on Mountain Hazards in China. Progress in Geography, 33(2): 145-152.
|
樊杰,陶岸君,吕晨. 2010. 中国经济与人口重心的耦合态势及其对区域发展的影响. 地理科学进展,29(1):87-95.
Fan Jie, Tao Anjun, and Lyu Chen. 2010. The Coupling Mechanism of the Centroids of Economic Gravity and Population Gravity and Its Effect on the Regional Gap in China. Progress in Geography, 29(1): 87-95.
|
Gill J C and Malamud B D. 2014. Reviewing and Visualizing the Interactions of Natural Hazards. Reviews of Geophysics, 52(4): 680-722.
|
顾成林,康建成,闫国东,陈志伟. 2018. 1951—2015年登陆中国热带气旋的时空变化特征及与ENSO的关系. 灾害学,33(4):129-134,140.
Gu Chenglin, Kang Jiancheng, Yan Guodong, and Chen Zhiwei. 2018. Variation Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over China during 1951-2015 and Its Relationship with the ENSO. Journal of Catastrophology, 33(4): 129-134, 140.
|
郭郡郡,刘玉萍. 2023. 县域尺度下成渝地区双城经济圈人口老龄化的时空演变与影响因素——基于最近三次人口普查数据的分析. 热带地理,43(11):2087-2101.
Guo Junjun and Liu Yuping. 2023. Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Population Aging in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle at the County Level in China Using the Latest Three National Census Data. Tropical Geography, 43(11): 2087-2101.
|
韩鹏,郭桂祯,李鑫磊,刘菁菁. 2022. 浙江省台风灾情时空分布特征及影响因素研究. 自然灾害学报,31(4):97-106
Han Peng, Guo Guizhen, Li Xinlei, and Liu Jingjing. 2022. Analysis of Spatiotemporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Typhoon Disasters in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Natural Disasters, 31(4): 97-106.
|
贺山峰,李铮,陈超冰,吴绍洪,潘涛. 2023. 海南省登陆台风特征演变及其危险性分析. 地理科学进展,42(7):1355-1364.
He Shanfeng, Li Zheng, Chen Chaobing, Wu Shaohong, and Pan Tao. 2023. Evolution of Landing Typhoon Characteristics and Typhoon Hazard in Hainan Province of China. Progress in Geography, 42(7): 1355-1364.
|
胡畔,陈波,史培军. 2021. 中国暴雨洪涝灾情时空格局及影响因素. 地理学报,76(5):1148-1162.
Hu Pan, Chen Bo, and Shi Peijun. 2021. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Rainstorm-Induced Flood Disasters in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 76(5): 1148-1162.
|
贾宁,刘强,石先武,刘珊,路明. 2022. 中国沿海地区海洋灾情评价及空间格局分析. 灾害学,37(2):16-20.
Jia Ning, Liu Qiang, Shi Xianwu, Liu Shan, and Lu Ming. 2022. Marine Disaster Assessment and Spatial Pattern Analysis in China's Coastal Areas. Journal of Catastrophology, 37(2): 16-20.
|
江清华,高路. 2019. 1950—2000年福建暴雨灾害灾情时空分析. 亚热带资源与环境学报,14(2):41-48.
Jiang Qinghua and Gao Lu. 2019. Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Rainstorm Disaster in Fujian Province from 1950 to 2000. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 14(2): 41-48.
|
Kundzewicz Z W, Huang J, Pinskwar I, Su B, Szwed M, and Jiang T. 2020. Climate Variability and Floods in China: A Review. Earth-Science Reviews, 211: 103434.
|
廖永丰,赵飞,王志强,李博,吕雪锋. 2013. 2000—2011年中国自然灾害灾情空间分布格局分析. 灾害学,28(4):55-60.
Liao Yongfeng, Zhao Fei, Wang Zhiqiang, Li Bo, and Lyu Xuefeng. 2013. Spatial Pattern Analysis of Natural Disasters in China from 2000 to 2011. Journal of Catastrophology, 28(4): 55-60.
|
李海宏,吴吉东,王强,杨辰,潘顺. 2021. 基于机器学习方法的上海市暴雨内涝灾情预测模型研究. 自然灾害学报,30(1):191-200.
Li Haihong, Wu Jidong, Wang Qiang, Yang Chen, and Pan Shun. 2021. A Study on Rainstorm Waterlogging Disaster Prediction Models in Shanghai Based on Machine Learning. Journal of Natural Disasters, 30(1): 191-200.
|
林漫华,张婉娜,郑荣宝,赵克飞,钟琪,林丽洁. 2023. 广州市绿色建筑的时空演变及影响因素分析. 热带地理,43(9):1823-1834.
Lin Manhua, Zhang Wanna, Zheng Rongbao, Zhao Kefei, Zhong Qi, and Lin Lijie. 2023. Spatiotemporal Variations and Driving Force of Green Buildings in Guangzhou, China. Tropical Geography, 43(9): 1823-1834.
|
刘倩,高路,赵鹏,陈兴伟. 2020. 2000—2016年中国热带气旋灾害时空特征研究. 中国防汛抗旱,30(5):50-57.
Liu Qian, Gao Lu, Zhao Peng, and Chen Xingwei. 2020. Study on the Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone Disasters in China in 2000-2016. China Flood & Drought Management, 30(5): 50-57.
|
刘方田,许尔琪. 2020. 海南省台风特点与灾情评估时空关联分析. 灾害学,35(2):217-223.
Liu Fangtian and Xu Er'qi. 2020. Spatio-Temporal Correlation Analysis of Typhoon Characteristics and Disaster Assessment in Hainan Province. Journal of Catastrophology, 35(2): 217-223.
|
刘业森,杨振山,黄耀欢,刘昌军. 2019. 建国以来中国山洪灾害时空演变格局及驱动因素分析. 中国科学:地球科学,49(2):408-420.
Liu Yesen, Yang Zhenshan, Huang Yaohuan, and Liu Changjun. 2018. Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of China's Flash Flood Disasters Since 1949. Science China Earth Sciences, 61: 1804-1817.
|
卢莹,赵海坤,赵丹,李青青. 2021. 1984-2017年影响中国热带气旋灾害的时空特征分析. 海洋学报,43(6):45-61.
Lu Ying, Zhao Haikun, Zhao Dan, and Li Qingqing. 2021. Spatial-Temporal Characteristic of Tropical Cyclone Disasters in China during 1984-2017. Haiyang Xuebao, 43(6): 45-61.
|
Rey S J. 2010. Spatial Empirics for Economic Growth and Convergence. Geographical Analysis, 33(3): 195-214.
|
苏朝晖,方伟华. 2023. 1980—2015年中国沿海地区热带气旋暴露度变化分析. 自然灾害学报,32(3):102-117.
Su Zhaohui and Fang Weihua. 2023. Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Exposure Changes in Coastal Areas of China from 1980 to 2015. Journal of Natural Disasters, 32(3): 102-117.
|
史培军,应卓蓉. 2016. 中国气象灾害对宏观经济增长的影响分析. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),52(6):747-753.
Shi Peijun and Ying Zhuorong. 2016. Impacts of Meteorological Disaster on Economic Growth in China. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 52(6): 747-753.
|
石先武,方伟华. 2015. 1949—2010年西北太平洋热带气旋时空分布特征分析. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),51(3):287.
Shi Xianwu and Fang Weihua. 2015. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone in NWP Basin between 1949 and 2010. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 51(3): 287.
|
唐晓春,刘会平,潘安定. 2003. 广东沿海地区近50年登陆台风灾害特征分析. 地理科学,23(2):182-187.
Tang Xiaochun, Liu Huiping, Pan An'ding. 2003. Analysis of Disastrous Features of Landing Typhoon in Coastal Regions of Guangdong Province in Recent 50 Years. Science China Earth Sciences, 23(2): 182-187.
|
万金红,张葆蔚,刘建刚,邓俊,李云鹏. 2016. 1950—2013年我国洪涝灾情时空特征分析. 灾害学,31(2):63-68.
Wan Jinhong, Zhang Baowei, Liu Jiangang, Deng Jun, and Li Yunpeng. 2016. The Distribution of Flood Disaster Loss during 1950-2013. Journal of Catastrophology, 31(2): 63-68.
|
王江波,顾梦瑶,吴宇凡,苟爱萍. 2024. 1999—2018年广东省自然灾害灾情时空变化特征及影响因素研究. 安全,45(2):22-31.
Wang Jiangbo, Gu Mengyao, Wu Yufan, and Gou Ai'ping. 2024. Research on Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Loss of Natural Disasters in Guangdong Province From 1999 to 2018. Safety & Security, 45(2): 22-31.
|
王静爱,雷永登,周洪建,尹衍雨,常晟,李群芳. 2012. 中国东南沿海台风灾害链区域规律与适应对策研究. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),(2):130-138.
Wang Jing'ai, Lei Yongdeng, Zhou Hongjian, Yin Yanyu, Chang Sheng, and Li Qunfang. 2012. Regional Features and Adaptation Countermeasures of Typhoon Disaster Chains in Southeast Coastal Regions of China. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences), (2): 130-138.
|
王劲峰,徐成东. 2017. 地理探测器:原理与展望. 地理学报,72(1):116-134.
Wang Jinfeng and Xu Chengdong. Geodetector: Principle and prospective. 2017. Acta Geographica Sinica, 72(1): 116-134.
|
王佳宁,宋永永,薛东前. 2021. 中国自然灾害时空变化及其社会经济效应. 浙江大学学报(理学版),48(6):750-759.
Wang Jianing, Song Yongyong, and Xue Dongqian. 2021. Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Natural Disasters and Its Social-Economic Effects in China. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 48(6): 750‑759.
|
王德运,谭亚妮,柯小玲,朱冬元,郭海湘. 2020. 中国热带气旋灾害经济损失时空特征分析. 灾害学,35(2):62-69.
Wang Deyun, Tan Yani, Ke Xiaoling, Zhu Dongyuan, and Guo Haixiang.2020. Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Economic Loss Caused by Tropical Cyclones in China. Journal of Catastrophology, 35(2): 62-69.
|
王振康,雍斌. 2023. 中国沿海地区热带气旋变化特征分析. 水电能源科学,41(4):22-26.
Wang Zhenkang and Yong Bin. 2023. Analysis of Characteristics of Typhoon Disasters in Coastal Areas of China. Water Resources and Power, 41(4): 22-26.
|
王小杰,夏军强,李启杰,周美蓉,董柏良. 2023. 长江中下游各省市洪涝灾情时空变化及影响因素. 水资源保护,39(2):78-86.
Wang Xiaojie, Xia Junqiang, Li Qijie, Zhou Meirong, and Dong Bailiang. 2023. Spatiotemporal Variation of Flood Distribution and Influencing Factors in Provinces in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River. Water Resources Protection, 39(2): 78-86.
|
汪路,卢莹,赵海坤. 2023. 台风灾害时空特征分析与评估模型构建. 灾害学,38(4):187-194.
Wang Lu, Lu Ying, and Zhao Haikun. 2023. Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Typhoon Disasters and Construction of Evaluation Model. Journal of Catastrophology, 38(4): 187-194.
|
夏四友,赵媛,许昕,文琦,宋永永,崔盼盼. 2019. 1997—2016年中国农业碳排放率的时空动态与驱动因素. 生态学报,39(21):7854-7865.
Xia Siyou, Zhao Yuan, Xu Xin, Wen Qi, Song Yongyong, and Cui Panpan. 2019. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Driving Factor Analysis of Agricultural Carbon Emissions Rate in China from 1997 to 2016. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39(21): 7854-7865.
|
熊俊楠,李进,程维明,周成虎,郭良,张晓蕾,王楠,李伟. 2019. 西南地区山洪灾害时空分布特征及其影响因素. 地理学报,74(7):1374-1391.
Xiong Junnan, Li Jin, Cheng Weiming, Zhou Chenghu, Guo Liang, Zhang Xiaolei, Wang Nan, and Li Wei. 2019. Spatial-Temporal Distribution and the Influencing Factors of Mountain Flood Disaster in Southwest China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 74(7): 1374-1391.
|
姚丽娜,雷正翠,孙燕. 2009. 华东地区登陆台风路径的统计分析//浙江省气象学会,江苏省气象学会,上海市气象学会. 第六届长三角气象科技论坛论文集. 南通:浙江省气象学会,42-44.
Yao Lina, Lei Zhengcui, and Sun Yan. 2009. Statistical Analysis of Landfalling Typhoons’ Routines in East China. In: Zhejiang Meteorological Society, Jiangsu Meteorological Society, Shanghai Meteorological Society. Proceedings of the 6th Yangtze River Delta Meteorological Science and Technology Forum. Nantong: Zhejiang Meteorological Society, 42-44.
|
杨绚,张立生,王铸. 2022. 基于机器学习算法的县域台风灾害经济损失风险评估. 热带气象学报,38(5):651-661.
Yang Xuan, Zhang Lisheng, and Wang Zhu. 2022. Risk Assessment for Typhoon Economic Losses in County-Based Units Using Machine Learning. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 38(5): 651-661.
|
杨剑,陈煜,徐枫,段忠东. 2021. 考虑地形和土地覆盖影响的参数化台风风场模拟. 自然灾害学报,30(1):47-58.
Yang Jian, Chen Yu, Xu Feng, and Duan Zhongdong. 2021. Parametric Typhoon Wind Field Simulations by Considering the Effects of Terrain and Land Cover. Journal of Natural Disasters, 30(1): 47-58.
|
姚亚庆,郑粉莉,关颖慧. 2017. 近60年我国旱涝灾情时空特征分析. 干旱地区农业研究,35(1):228-232.
Yao Yaqing, Zheng Fenli, and Guan Yinghui. 2017. The Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Flood and Drought during the Recent 60 Years in China. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 35(1): 228-232.
|
殷洁,戴尔阜,吴绍洪. 2013. 中国台风灾害综合风险评估与区划. 地理科学,33(11):1370-1376.
Yin Jie, Dai Erfu, and Wu Shaohong. 2013. Integrated Risk Assessment and Zoning of Typhoon Disasters in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 33(11): 1370-1376.
|
张俊香,刘旭拢,宫清华. 2012. 近60年华南沿海登陆热带气旋特征和热带气旋巨灾灾情分析. 热带地理,32(4):357-363.
Zhang Junxiang, Liu Xulong, and Gong Qinghua. 2012. Tropical Cyclones Landing on the Coastal Areas of South China and Related Catastrophes over the Past 60 Years. Tropical Geography, 32(4): 357-363.
|
张丽杰,刘建成,朱慧云. 2019. 影响海南岛的台风的时空特征分析. 灾害学,34(1):135-138.
Zang Lijie, Liu Jiancheng, and Zhu Huiyun. 2019. Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of TC in Hainan Island. Journal of Catastrophology, 34(1): 135-138.
|
郑美霞,刘玲. 2022. 2011—2020年江西省自然灾害灾情时空特征分析. 自然灾害学报,31(2):233-241.
Zheng Meixia, and Liu Ling. 2022. Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Natural Disasters in Jiangxi Province from 2011 to 2020. Journal of Natural Disasters, 31(2): 233-241.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |