南沙珊瑚礁潟湖坡微地貌对沉积物粒度特征的影响
王明壮(1999—),男,江苏连云港人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋地质,(E-mail)wangmingzhuang22@mails.ucas.ac.cn; |
收稿日期: 2024-03-20
修回日期: 2024-05-15
网络出版日期: 2024-09-29
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42306076)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3100603)
Influence of Micro-Geomorphology on Sediment Grain Size Characteristics in the Lagoon Slopes of the Nansha Coral Reefs
Received date: 2024-03-20
Revised date: 2024-05-15
Online published: 2024-09-29
潟湖坡是礁坪沉积物向潟湖盆搬运的关键地貌带,对了解礁后沉积过程和环礁发育演化至关重要。然而,潟湖坡微地貌特征及其对沉积物粒度的影响还未明确。文章对南沙群岛主权礁与三角礁潟湖坡开展研究,采集表层沉积物并结合水深数据和水下微地貌开展粒度分析,结果表明:1)主权礁与三角礁潟湖表层沉积物以砂级颗粒为主,粉砂与细砾质量分数较少,其中主权礁沉积物中砂级颗粒质量分数为94.55%,细砾为4.18%,粉砂为0.61%;三角礁S1-S1′方位含砂93.96%,细砾4.04%,粉砂1.65%;S2-S2′方位含砂91.73%,细砾为6.84%,粉砂为1.17%。潟湖砂体的中值粒径与水深呈显著负相关,粒度分布曲线在深水区呈单峰式,在浅水区呈双峰式,整体偏态为负偏态。2)物源和水动力特征是影响南沙珊瑚礁潟湖坡砂体粒度分布的主要因素,主权礁潟湖坡点礁密布,周围颗粒粒径显著增大,削弱了水深与粒度的负相关性,表明潟湖点礁亦是重要物源;三角礁潟湖坡发育海草床,减弱了颗粒的动力再分选作用,形成粗粒和细粒混积的双峰形态。3)潟湖坡微地貌对颗粒粒度分布起关键作用。主权礁双峰式分布曲线的形成主要受潟湖点礁的影响,而海草根系的固沙作用减弱了颗粒的动力分选作用,形成三角礁双峰式分布曲线。
王明壮 , 张喜洋 , 谭飞 , 王冠 , 施祺 , 杨红强 . 南沙珊瑚礁潟湖坡微地貌对沉积物粒度特征的影响[J]. 热带地理, 2024 : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240160
The lagoon slopes of coral atolls, which connect reef flats to lagoon basins, are key geomorphic zones where sediments are physically sorted and transported. These areas are essential for understanding post-reef sedimentary processes and the broader evolutionary dynamics of atolls. However, the influence of the microtopographic features of lagoon slopes on sediment grain size distribution remains unclear. Sediment grain size is a sensitive indicator of environmental and climatic changes and provides valuable insights into sediment transport patterns and depositional environment reconstructions. The spatial distribution of grain size is influenced by the proximity to sediment sources, material availability, and surrounding geomorphological conditions. This study focused on the lagoon slopes of the Shuquan and Jiaojian Reefs in the Nansha Islands, where surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed for grain size, along with depth data and underwater microtopography. The results indicated the following: (1) Surface sediments in the lagoon slopes of the Shuquan and Jiaojian Reefs are predominantly composed of sand-sized particles, with minimal silt and fine gravel content. Specifically, Shuquan Reef sediments comprised 94.55% sand-sized particles, 4.18% fine gravel, and 0.61% silt; the S1-S1' transect contained 93.96% sand, 4.04% fine gravel, and 1.65% silt; and the S2-S2' transect consisted of 91.73% sand, 6.84% fine gravel, and 1.17% silt. (2) The grain size characteristics of lagoon sands were primarily governed by the proximity to sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions. A significant negative correlation was observed between median grain size and water depth, with grain size decreasing as depth increased. Most lagoon sands originated from reef flats or lagoon slopes, reflecting the diminishing sorting capacity of oceanic wave energy as it moves toward the lagoon center. The grain size distribution curves of lagoon sands are generally unimodal or bimodal, with a trend toward negative skewness. In deeper waters, the curves became sharper, indicating a transition from low-energy to high-energy depositional environments, where finer particles were replaced by coarser ones. Geomorphological changes within the lagoon, particularly in the transition zone from the lagoon slope to the inner reef flat, played a critical role in the grain size distribution. The bimodal distribution in Shuquan Reef was mainly attributed to coarse particles from lagoon pinnacles, whereas in Jiaojian Reef, the bimodal distribution was influenced by reduced dynamic sorting due to seagrass root stabilization. By comparing these distinct reef systems, this study elucidated the impact of localized geomorphic features, such as pinnacles and seagrass beds, on sediment sorting mechanisms. Understanding the grain size characteristics and distribution patterns of sand in natural microtopographic settings on the lagoon slopes of atolls is crucial for the rational use and scientific management of resources, with significant implications for land reclamation and reef engineering projects.
Key words: grain size; micro-geomorphology; lagoon; atoll; Nansha Islands
图1 研究区位置和采样点布置(a. 主权礁和三角礁在南沙群岛的位置;b. 主权礁卫星图片;c. 三角礁卫星图片;d. 主权礁Z-Z'剖面和采样点位图;e. 三角礁S1-S1'、S2-S2'剖面和采样点位图)图片来源:Google Earth。 Fig.1 Location of the study area and sampling sites (a. Location of Zhuquan Reef and Sanjiao Reef in Nansha Islands; b. Satellite image of Zhuquan Reef; c. Satellite image of Sanjiao Reef; d. Z-Z' profile in lagoon of Zhuquan Reef; e. S1-S1', S2-S2' profile in lagoon of Sanjiao Reef) |
表1 沉积物粒度参数分级Table 1 Classification of grain size parameters |
参数 | 数值范围 | 定性描述 |
---|---|---|
分选性 | <0.35 | 分选极好 |
0.35~<0.50 | 分选好 | |
0.50~<0.71 | 分选较好 | |
0.71~<1.00 | 分选中等 | |
1.00~<2.00 | 分选较差 | |
2.00~<4.00 | 分选差 | |
>4.00 | 分选极差 | |
偏度 | -1~-0.3 | 极负偏 |
>-0.3~-0.1 | 负偏 | |
>-0.1~0.1 | 近对称 | |
>0.1~0.3 | 正偏 | |
>0.3~1.0 | 极正偏 | |
峰度 | <0.67 | 很平坦 |
0.67~<0.90 | 平坦 | |
0.90~<1.11 | 中等 | |
1.11~<1.56 | 尖锐 | |
1.56~<3.00 | 很尖锐 | |
>3.00 | 极尖锐 |
王明壮:数据处理、论文撰写与修改、图制作;
张喜洋:论文修改与提升指导、数据分析、基金支持;
谭 飞、施 祺:样品采集、实验分析;
王 冠、杨红强:技术支持。
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