海南岛植胶区割胶劳动力年龄结构及空间分布特征
|
王贵珍(1990—),女,甘肃临夏人,助理研究员,研究方向为热带农林遥感,(E-mail)wgz2013@sina.cn; |
收稿日期: 2023-12-16
修回日期: 2024-03-25
网络出版日期: 2024-09-29
基金资助
中央级科学事业单位基本科研业务费(1630022024018)
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系(CARS-33)
Age Structure and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Rubber Tapping Labor Force in Hainan Island
Received date: 2023-12-16
Revised date: 2024-03-25
Online published: 2024-09-29
割胶作为当前获取天然橡胶这一重要工业原料的唯一手段,其劳动力供应的稳定性对天然橡胶产业的可持续发展至关重要。目前,割胶劳动力短缺和老龄化现象已引起高度关注,但相关研究缺乏详细空间信息的转换估算,不利于宏观调控。文章基于2020年海南岛天然橡胶林分布图、Dynamic World土地利用分类产品和WorldPop人口分布数据集,分析了海南岛植胶区潜在割胶劳动力的空间分布和年龄结构特征,并进行转换估算和缺乏程度分级,利用空间统计分析揭示割胶劳动力亏缺的空间格局。结果表明:1)海南植胶区潜在割胶劳动力总数为156.74万人,空间分布呈现“北高南低”的态势,且45~59岁年龄占比达34%,老龄化趋势明显。2)劳动力缺乏程度在空间上存在显著差异,其中一级缺乏区域主要集中在中西部与中东部市县的交界区域,呈带状分布;而二、三级缺乏广泛分布于中西部、中部及部分中东部市县交界区,中部尤为严重,呈连片状分布。3)儋州市、白沙县和琼中县一级缺乏面积位居前三,累计面积达到5.05×104 hm2;白沙县、琼中县、澄迈县和乐东县在二、三级缺乏面积上同样突出,总面积达到2.33×104 hm2。
王贵珍 , 陈帮乾 , 赖虹燕 , 王心澄 , 高远凤 , 吴志祥 . 海南岛植胶区割胶劳动力年龄结构及空间分布特征[J]. 热带地理, 2024 : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20230985
Currently, tapping is the only method of obtaining natural rubber, an essential industrial raw material. The stability of the labor force supply for tapping is crucial for the sustainable development of the natural rubber industry. As China's second-largest rubber planting area, Hainan Island had a planting area of 585,800 hectares in 2020, accounting for 45% of the country's total, with over 2 million workers. Labor force shortages and the aging phenomenon in tapping have become increasingly severe and have attracted significant attention. However, the related research lacks detailed spatial information for conversion estimation, which hinders macroeconomic regulation. This study is based on the 2020 Hainan Island natural rubber distribution map, Dynamic World land use classification products, and the WorldPop population distribution dataset. It employs multiple technical operations such as temporal and spatial filtering, removal of small patches, buffer parameter settings, and masking to obtain the 2020 potential tapping labor density map for Hainan's rubber planting areas. Spatial statistical methods are used to analyze the spatial distribution and age structure characteristics of potential tapping labor force in Hainan's rubber planting areas as well as the spatial distribution of labor force shortage degrees after conversion to actual tapping labor force, including the labor force shortage levels and areas for each city and county, revealing the spatial pattern. The results reveal the following: 1) The total number of potential tapping laborers in Hainan's rubber planting areas is 1.5674 million, with a spatial distribution pattern of high in the north and low in the south. The proportion of the population aged 45~59 years is 34%, indicating a significant aging trend. 2) There are significant spatial differences in the degree of labor shortage. The primary shortage areas are mainly concentrated in the junction areas of the central-western and central-eastern counties, with a belt-like distribution. In contrast, the secondary and tertiary shortage areas are widely distributed in the central-western, central, and some central-eastern county junctions, with shortage in the central area being particularly severe, showing a contiguous distribution. 3) The primary shortage areas in Danzhou City, Baisha County, and Qiongzhong County rank in the top three, with a cumulative area of 50,500 hectares. Baisha, Qiongzhong, Chengmai, and Ledong Counties are also prominent in the secondary and tertiary shortage areas, covering a total area of 16,800 hectares. In total, the area of labor shortage regions in Hainan Island is 141,700 hectares, necessitating a future focus. To address the labor force shortage issue in tapping, it is recommended to strengthen infrastructure construction in the rubber plantations within the shortage areas and actively promote new tapping methods (e.g., low-frequency tapping) or tools (e.g., electric tapping knives) to reduce the labor intensity of tapping and increase the number of trees tapped per capita. This will provide favorable support for the sustainable and healthy development of Hainan's natural rubber industry. By revealing the spatial distribution characteristics and degree of tapping labor shortage, this study aims to provide robust decision-making support for the Hainan provincial government in addressing employment issues of tapping labor, optimizing human resource management strategies, and promoting the sustainable development of the natural rubber industry.
/70A8FB34-3F65-44db-93CE-BF839ADBC6E0-F501.jpg)
1 海南省农垦投资控股集团有限公司. 2020年海南农垦经济与社会发展统计资料. 2021年7月(内部资料)。
2 https://code.earthengine.google.com/
3 农业农村部农垦局. 全国热带、南亚热带作物生产情况. 2021年9月(内部资料)。
王贵珍:论文撰写;
陈帮乾:论文指导与修改;
赖虹燕、王心澄:参与论文讨论及协助修改;
高远凤:资料搜集与方法梳理;
吴志祥:论文指导。
|
Birch T, Hyde S B, Mazzariello J, Czerwinski W, Valerie J P, Haertel R, Ilyushchenko S, Schwehr K, Weisse M, d Stolle F, Hanson C, Guinan O, Moore R, and Alexander M Tait. 2022. Dynamic World, Near Real-Time Global 10 m Land Use Land Cover Mapping. Scientific Data, 9(1): 251.
|
|
白沙黎族自治县统计局. 2021. 白沙黎族自治县第七次全国人口普查公报数据库. (2012-11-22)[2023-08-03]. https://baisha.hainan.gov.cn/baisha/zfxxgkzl/xgbmzfxxgk/bsxtjj/gkml/202111/t20211122_3096503.html.
Statistics Baisha Li Autonomous County.2021. Seventh National Population Census Bulletin Database Of Baisha Li Autonomous County. (2012-11-22) [2023-08-03]. https://baisha.hainan.gov.cn/baisha/zfxxgkzl/xgbmzfxxgk/bsxtjj/gkml/202111/t20211122_3096503.html.
|
|
Bhaduri B, Bright E, Coleman P, and Dobson J. 2002. LandScan. Geoinformatics, 5(2): 34-37.
|
|
邓永辉,刘慧. 2024. 家庭劳动力流出对低龄老年人就业的影响研究——基于CFPS数据的实证分析. 价格理论与实践[2024-02-20]. https://doi.org/10.19851/j.cnki.CN11-1010/F.2023.12.451.
Deng Yonghui and Liu Hui. 2024. Study on the Influence of Family Labor Outflow on the Employment of Theyounger Elderly—Empirical Analysis Based on CFPS Data. Price Theory &Practice[2024-02-20]. https://doi.org/10.19851/j.cnki.CN11-1010/F.2023.12.451.
|
|
Fuchs-Schündeln N and Izem R. 2012. Explaining the Low Labor Productivity in East Germany–A Spatial Analysis. Journal of Comparative Economics, 40(1): 1-21.
|
|
高小贤. 1994. 当代中国农村劳动力转移及农业女性化趋势. 社会学研究,(2):83-90.
Gao Xiaoxian. 1994. Contemporary Trends in Rural Labor Force Migration and Feminization in Chinese Agriculture. Sociological Study, (2): 83-90.
|
|
高云. 2021. 国内外天然橡胶期现货价格波动关系研究. 广东农业科学,48(7):161-168.
Gao Yun. 2021. Study on the Relationship between Futures and Spot Prices of Natural Rubber at Home and Abroad. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 48(7): 161-168.
|
|
何康,黄宗道. 1987. 热带北缘橡胶树栽培. 广州:广东科技出版社,1-185.
He Kang and Huang Zongdao. 1987. Cultivation of Rubber Trees on the Northern Edge of the Tropics. Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1-185.
|
|
海南省统计局. 2021. 海南统计年鉴. 海口:中国统计出版社,286.
hainan Provincial Bureau of Statisrics.2021. Hainan Statistical Yearbook. Haikou: China Statistics Press, 286.
|
|
焦健,朱瑞明,孙江宏. 2020. 一种智能化割胶试验台设计与实现. 北京信息科技大学学报(自然科学版),35(5):76-80.
Jiao Jian, Zhu Ruiming, and Sun Jianghong. 2020. Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Test Bed for Rubber Tapping. Journal of Beijing Information Science&Technology University, 35(5): 76-80.
|
|
柯树炜,刘钊,谭昕,李艺坚,卜友达. 2022. 科研院所科技支撑白沙县天然橡胶产业发展经验及建议. 南方农业,16(23):124-127.
Ke Shuwei, Liu Zhao, Tan Xin, Li Yijian, and Bu Youda. 2022. Experience and Recommendations for the Development of Datural Rubber Industry in Baisha County Supported by Scientific Research Institutions. South China Agriculture, 16(23): 124-127.
|
|
Krafft C, Assaad R, and Cheung R. 2023. Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022. Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series,1647.
|
|
李达. 2020. 橡胶主产区农户种植意愿分析及产业决策研究. 北京:北京林业大学,29-36.
Li Da. 2020. Research on Farmers' Rubber Planting Willingness and industrial Decision in Major Rubber Producing Areas. Beijing: Beijing Forest University, 29-36.
|
|
Iimi A, Adamtei H, Markland J, and Tsehaye E. 2019. Port rail connectivity and agricultural production: Evidence from a large sample of farmers in Ethiopia.Journal of Applied Economics, 22(1): 152-173 .
|
|
李广洋,寇卫利,陈帮乾,吴志祥,张希财,云挺,马俊,孙瑞,李莹. 2023. 近30年海南岛橡胶林时空变化分析. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),47(1):189-198.
Li Guangyang, Kou Weili, Chen Bangqian, Wu Zhixiang, Zhang Xicai, Yun Ting, Ma Jun, Sun Rui, and Li Ying. 2023. Spatio-Temporal Change of Rubber Plantations in Hainan Lsland over the Past 30 Years. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition), 47(1): 189-198.
|
|
刘锐金,何长辉,杨琳,伍薇,莫业勇. 2021. 结构变迁、技术扩散与市场风险——以天然橡胶为例. 北京:中国经济出版社,174-206.
Liu Ruijin, He Changhui, Yang Lin, Wu Wei, and Mo Yeyong. 2021. Structural Change, Technological Diffusion, and Market Risks: A Case Study of Natural Rubber. Beijing: China Economic Publishing House, 174-206.
|
|
李海亮,戴声佩,郑倩,王祥军,禹萱,胡盈盈,罗红霞. 2023. 基于面板数据的我国天然橡胶生产布局时空演变研究. 热带作物学报,44(9):1-8.
Li hailiang, Dai Shengpei, Zheng Qian, Wang Xiangjun, Yu Xuan, Hu Yingying, and Luo Hongxia. 2023. The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Natural Rubber Production Distribution in China Based on Panel Data. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 44(9): 1-8.
|
|
梁文钊. 2013. 建筑业劳动力短缺现状分析与对策研究. 武汉:华中科技大学,39-54.
Liang Wenzhao. 2013. The Present Study and Countermeasures of Construction Labor Shortages. Wuhan: Huazhong University Of Science And Technolog, 39-54.
|
|
农业部热带作物及制品标准化技术委员会. 2017. 橡胶树栽培技术规程(NY/T 221-2016). 北京:农业标准出版研究中心,13-14.
Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science Rubber Tree Cultivation Technical Regulations(NY/T 221-2016). Beijing: Agricultural Standard Publishing Research Center, 13-14.
|
|
农业部热带作物及制品标准化技术委员会. 2013. 橡胶树栽培学术语(NY/T 2263-2012). 北京:中国农业出版社,51-61.
Technical Committee on Standardization of Tropical Crops and Products of the Ministry of Agriculture. 2013. Rubber Tree Cultivation Terminology(NY/T 2263-2012). Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 51-61.
|
|
Doxsey-Whitfield E, MacManus K, Adamo S B, Pistolesi L, Squires J, Borkovska O, Baptista S R. 2015. Taking Advantage of the Improved Availability of Census Data: a First Look at the Gridded Population of the World, Version 4. Papers in Applied Geography, 1(3): 226-234.
|
|
Pesaresi M, Ehrlich D, and Freire S. 2014. The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL)-New Tools and Geodatasets for Improving Disaster Risk Assessment and Crisis Management. Pennsylvania, USA: 11th International ISCRAM Conference, 1-3.
|
|
宿明,张超,周维,魏甫. 2024. 海南热带雨林国家公园森林分类经营实践研究. 中南林业调查规划,43(2):1-9.
Su Ming, Zhang Chao, Zhou Wei, and Wei Fu. 2024. Exploration of Forest Classification Management Practice in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest. Central South Forest Inventory and Planning, 43(2): 1-9.
|
|
Tatem A J. 2017. WorldPop, Open Data for Spatial Demography. Scientific Data, 4(1): 1-4.
|
|
吴波. 2020. 加大扶持力度加强政策保障 确保国家天然橡胶供给安全. 中国改革报,2020-03-31(04).
WuBo. 2020. Increase Support, Strengthen Policy Safeguards, and Ensure National Natural Rubber Supply Security. China Reform Daily, 2020-03-31(04).
|
|
王欣. 2006. 浅谈海胶集团胶工队伍现状及建议——以A分公司为例. 中国农垦,(7):40-42.
Wang Xin. 2006. Discussion on the Current Situation and Suggestions for the Rubber Tapping Workforce of Haijiao Group—A Case Study of Company A. China State Farm, (7): 40-42.
|
|
谢黎黎,姜泽海,黄志. 2016. 中国割胶制度的发展历程及解决胶工短缺建议. 热带农业科学,36(11):15-19.
Xie Lili, Jiang Zemei, and Huang Zhi. 2016. Development Course of Rubber Tapping System in China. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 36(11): 15-19.
|
|
Tongkaemkaew U and Patanothai A. 2013. Expansion of Rubber Plantations in Northeast Thailand: Income and Living Status of Full-Time Hired Labors. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 41(4): 497-506.
|
|
Xu Y M, Ho H C, Knudby Anders, and He M. 2021. Comparative Assessment of Gridded Population Data Sets for Complex Topography: A Study of Southwest China. Population and Environment, 42: 360-378.
|
|
杨雨,操戈,邓卫哲. 2023. 加大天然橡胶机械化生产社会化服务培训. 农民日报,2023-08-29(003).
Yang Yu, Cao Ge, and Deng Weizhe. 2023. Enhancing Social Service Training for Mechanized Natural Rubber Production. Farmers' Daily, 2023-08-29(003).
|
|
杨文凤,黄学全,校现周. 2015. 从割胶技术方面解决胶工短缺的探讨. 中国热带农业,(5):7-10.
Yang Wenfeng, Huang Xuequan, and Xiao Xianzhou. 2015. Exploring Solutions to the Shortage of Rubber Tappers From a Tapping Technology Perspective. China Tropical Agriculture, (5): 7-10.
|
|
余伟,张木兰,麦全法,蒋菊生. 2006. 台风“达维”对海南农垦橡胶产业的损害及所引发的对今后产业发展的思考. 热带农业科学,(4):41-43.
Yu Wei, Zhang Mulan, Mai Quanfa, and Jiang Jusheng. 2006. Damage of Typhoon Damrey to the Rubber Industry in Hainan State Farm Bureau and Its Countermeasures for Future Development. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, (4): 41-43.
|
|
郑勇,王玲玲,黎土煜,陈娃容,邓祥丰. 2022. 我国热带丘陵山区胶园采收机械和技术研究现状. 安徽农业科学,50(12):183-187.
Zheng Yong, Wang Lingling, Li Tuyu, Chen Warong, and Deng Xiangfeng. 2022. Research Status of Rubber Tapping Machinery and Technology in Tropical Hills and Mountainous Areas of China. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 12(50): 183-187.
|
|
曾霞,田婉莹,杨文凤. 2021. 割胶技术升级缓解“用工荒”.农民日报,2021-02-08(008).
Zeng Xia, Tian Wanying, and Yang Wenfeng. 2021. Upgrading Tapping Technology to Alleviate the Labor Shortage. Farmers' Daily, 2021-02-08(008).
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |