香港居民在粤港澳大湾区跨境就医的信息壁垒及其破解策略
严祥(1987—),男,四川绵阳人,博士,特聘副研究员,主要研究方向为健康地理、城市治理,(E-mail)yanx@scu.edu.cn; |
收稿日期: 2024-05-31
修回日期: 2024-09-12
网络出版日期: 2024-11-11
基金资助
香港特区政府特首政策组策略性公共政策研究项目(S2021.A8.027.21S)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371211)
Information Barriers to Hong Kong Residents' Cross-Border Healthcare Utilization in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Potential Policy Responses
Received date: 2024-05-31
Revised date: 2024-09-12
Online published: 2024-11-11
当前,粤港澳大湾区正开展跨境医疗合作,便利香港居民在内地工作生活。然而,跨境就医信息壁垒成为香港居民了解和使用内地医疗服务的首要阻碍。文章基于问卷调查和对香港居民、粤港两地医护与卫生部门官员的深度访谈,分析香港居民前来内地就医的信息壁垒的程度、人群差异、主要成因与破解策略。研究发现:1)香港居民对内地医疗质量分等、医保体系和医疗收费的了解程度均较低,后二者的信息壁垒尤为突出;2)中年群体、中高收入家庭、经常在内地逗留和内地亲友较多的人群,对内地医疗了解相对较多;3)跨境就医信息壁垒,是医患信息不对称在两地医疗系统和就医习惯差异下被放大的结果,并由于国家对医疗广告的严格管控和香港与内地的社会隔阂而长期不能得到有效解决。据此,提出统筹跨境医疗信息治理、拓展医疗信息推广渠道、医疗质量与医疗费用信息并重、以及针对不同人群制定差异化措施等4个策略破解香港居民跨境就医的信息壁垒。
严祥 , 韩子璇 , 祝怡文 , 何深静 . 香港居民在粤港澳大湾区跨境就医的信息壁垒及其破解策略[J]. 热带地理, 2024 , 44(12) : 2224 -2236 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240350
"Shaping a healthy Greater Bay Area" has been positioned as a key policy agenda in the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, issued by the central government in 2019. However, difficulties and uncertainties in accessing healthcare services have long been a major concern for Hong Kong (HK) residents wishing to work or live in mainland China. Information barriers to mainland China's healthcare services have become a primary obstacle for HK residents' cross-border healthcare utilization, while related studies remain scarce. This study aims to examine the extent of the information barrier, its variation among social groups, and its major causes, based on which we also seek potential policy responses. We conducted a large-scale survey of 3,500 HK residents in HK, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou in 2022, of which 2330 had never used mainland China's healthcare services before, and we asked them about their understanding of mainland China's healthcare quality, medical insurance schemes, and healthcare expenditures. Additionally, we conducted in-depth interviews with 129 HK residents, 42 medical professionals, and 14 officials in both HK and mainland China to gather their opinions on information barriers to cross-border healthcare utilization. Profound results were revealed through our mixed research approach: (1) HK residents generally lacked an understanding of mainland China's healthcare services. Only 4.98%, 2.26%, and 2.02% of respondents indicated that they were familiar with the hierarchy of healthcare quality, medical insurance schemes, and healthcare expenditures in mainland China, respectively, while 24.04%, 35.28%, and 37.68% stated they did not know these aspects. The understanding of medical insurance schemes and healthcare expenditures is even more limited compared to the hierarchy of healthcare quality. (2) Among others, middle-aged individuals (especially those aged 45-54 years), middle- and high-income families (with a monthly household income of more than 40,000 HK dollars), those who visit mainland China more frequently, and those with strong social networks in mainland China demonstrated a better understanding of mainland China's healthcare services. (3) These information barriers are the result of exacerbated healthcare information asymmetries amid the differences between HK and mainland healthcare systems and residents' healthcare utilization habits, which have long been unaddressed due to strict regulations on medical advertisements and social segregation between the two societies. Based on these findings, four potential policies are suggested to address these information barriers: (1) Establish a cross-sectional scheme to govern information on cross-border healthcare, with more proactive and integrated policy actions to promote various necessary healthcare information to HK residents; (2) Enrich the channels for promoting information on cross-border healthcare, such as providing an online platform compiling mainland China's healthcare information, promoting professional exchanges between HK and mainland China, and using virtual reality and other state-of-the-art technologies to enable HK residents to better understand the hospital environment and treatment procedures in mainland China; (3) Enhance policy attention to both healthcare quality and healthcare expenditures, with particular efforts to increase HK residents' healthcare affordability in mainland China; and (4) Employ different information dissemination strategies for different groups of HK residents and use those who already understand mainland China's healthcare services as proxies to accelerate information promotion.
表1 问卷调查结果的描述性统计Table 1 Description of variables |
变量 | 百分比/% | 变量 | 百分比/% |
---|---|---|---|
1)年龄/岁 | 非常同意 | 31.12 | |
15~24 | 8.15 | 同意 | 53.18 |
25~34 | 14.03 | 中立 | 14.64 |
35~44 | 15.06 | 不同意 | 0.99 |
45~54 | 20.39 | 非常不同意 | 0.09 |
55~64 | 23.13 | 8)媒体使用习惯 | |
≥65 | 19.23 | 香港:报纸杂志 | |
2)家庭月收入/万港币 | 总是 | 0.64 | |
<2 | 11.63 | 经常 | 6.27 |
[2, 4) | 15.36 | 有时 | 19.06 |
[4, 6) | 20.9 | 很少 | 39.66 |
[6, 8) | 19.79 | 从来没有 | 34.38 |
[8, 10) | 15.45 | 香港:广播、电台、电视 | |
≥10 | 16.87 | 总是 | 3.61 |
3)最近一年在内地的时间/d | 经常 | 36.78 | |
<30 | 84.64 | 有时 | 40 |
[30,90) | 8.54 | 很少 | 13.3 |
≥90 | 6.82 | 从来没有 | 6.31 |
4)健康状况(SF-36量表) | 香港:互联网、手机apps | ||
身体健康状况 | 87.38 ± 11.20a | 总是 | 38.88 |
精神健康状况 | 83.15 ± 11.63a | 经常 | 45.79 |
5)信息素养 | 有时 | 11.8 | |
教育水平 | 很少 | 2.88 | |
高中或以下 | 51.97 | 从来没有 | 0.64 |
大专(副学士) | 21.72 | 内地:报纸杂志 | |
学士及以上 | 26.31 | 总是 | 0.09 |
普通话 | 经常 | 0.47 | |
非常不流利 | 2.53 | 有时 | 3.61 |
不流利 | 11.12 | 很少 | 16.18 |
一般 | 33.78 | 从来没有 | 79.66 |
流利 | 33.82 | 内地:广播、电台、电视 | |
非常流利 | 18.76 | 总是 | 0.52 |
粤语 | 经常 | 7.98 | |
非常不流利 | 0.09 | 有时 | 18.37 |
不流利 | 0.09 | 很少 | 21.46 |
一般 | 1.93 | 从来没有 | 51.67 |
流利 | 12.49 | 内地:互联网、手机apps | |
非常流利 | 85.41 | 总是 | 24.03 |
6)社交网络 | 经常 | 30.26 | |
在内地亲属数量/人 | 有时 | 23.09 | |
0 | 51.24 | 很少 | 15.97 |
1~2 | 29.23 | 从来没有 | 6.65 |
3~5 | 15.41 | 9)性别 | |
≥6 | 4.12 | 女性 | 38.2 |
在内地朋友数量/人 | 10)婚育情况 | ||
0 | 33.69 | 已婚或有固定伴侣 | 64.59 |
1~2 | 28.28 | 有未成年的子女 | 20.73 |
3~5 | 24.25 | 11)出生地 | |
≥6 | 13.78 | 香港 | 69.79 |
7)对香港医疗的满意度 | 内地 | 29.36 | |
是否同意“香港具有优质的医疗服务”? | 其他地区 | 0.86 |
|
表2 跨境就医信息壁垒人群差异的回归分析结果Table 2 Impact factors of information barriers to cross-border healthcare |
影响因素 | 对内地医疗基本事实的了解程度 | ||
---|---|---|---|
医疗质量分等:“内地医院分为一级、二级、 三级医院,医疗质量最好的是三甲医院” | 医保体系:“内地医保主要包括城乡居民 基本医疗保险和城镇职工基本医疗保险” | 医疗收费:“内地公立医院对当地 患者和非当地患者收取同样费用” | |
1)年龄/岁(参照组:15~24) | |||
25~34 | 0.444*(0.185) | 0.529**(0.191) | 0.556**(0.195) |
35~44 | 0.589**(0.203) | 0.746***(0.210) | 0.771***(0.213) |
45~54 | 0.641**(0.196) | 0.881***(0.201) | 0.916***(0.205) |
55~64 | 0.388(0.202) | 0.598**(0.208) | 0.492*(0.212) |
≥65 | 0.260(0.227) | 0.202(0.233) | 0.197(0.237) |
2)家庭月收入/万港币(参照组:<2) | |||
[2, 4) | 0.321(0.169) | 0.160(0.172) | 0.161(0.173) |
[4, 6) | 0.448**(0.166) | 0.067(0.166) | 0.164(0.168) |
[6, 8) | 0.687***(0.174) | 0.212(0.174) | 0.339(0.174) |
[8, 10) | 0.561**(0.185) | 0.188(0.185) | 0.187(0.187) |
≥10 | 0.532**(0.183) | 0.232(0.184) | 0.227(0.185) |
3)最近一年在内地的时间/d(参照组:<30) | |||
30~90 | 0.389**(0.150) | 0.606***(0.148) | 0.647***(0.150) |
≥90 | 0.742***(0.173) | 0.735***(0.172) | 0.570**(0.171) |
4)健康状况 | |||
身体健康状况 | 0.010(0.008) | 0.002(0.008) | -0.006(0.008) |
精神健康状况 | -0.029***(0.007) | -0.009(0.007) | 0.003(0.007) |
5)信息素养 | |||
教育水平(参照组:高中或以下) | |||
大专(副学士) | 0.210(0.113) | 0.018(0.114) | 0.018(0.114) |
学士及以上 | 0.264*(0.116) | 0.011(0.117) | -0.071(0.118) |
普通话(参照组:非常不流利) | |||
不流利 | -0.278(0.277) | -0.426(0.285) | -0.458(0.295) |
一般 | -0.261(0.258) | -0.334(0.266) | -0.296(0.274) |
流利 | 0.254(0.261) | 0.211(0.268) | 0.201(0.276) |
非常流利 | 0.586*(0.269) | 0.453(0.276) | 0.613*(0.284) |
粤语(参照组:非常不流利) | |||
不流利 | 0.044(1.764) | 2.012(1.808) | 1.161(2.132) |
一般 | -0.080(1.286) | 2.114(1.350) | -0.559(1.283) |
流利 | 0.103(1.259) | 1.750(1.326) | -0.938(1.258) |
非常流利 | 0.230(1.253) | 1.932(1.320) | -0.769(1.251) |
6)社交网络 | |||
在内地亲属数量/人(参照组:0) | |||
1~2 | 0.286**(0.109) | 0.178(0.110) | 0.112(0.111) |
3~5 | 0.501***(0.139) | 0.136(0.138) | 0.186(0.137) |
≥6 | 0.063(0.222) | -0.064(0.223) | 0.065(0.222) |
在内地朋友数量/人(参照组:0) | |||
1~2 | 0.612***(0.117) | 0.396**(0.118) | 0.296*(0.119) |
3~5 | 0.811***(0.132) | 0.605***(0.133) | 0.542***(0.134) |
≥6 | 0.983***(0.159) | 0.920***(0.161) | 0.858***(0.161) |
控制变量(略) | |||
样本数 | 2 330 | 2 330 | 2 330 |
Pseudo R 2 | 0.135 | 0.109 | 0.107 |
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1 www.bayarea.gov.hk/
2 SF-36量表详细信息:https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/36-item-short-form.html。
3 香港医管局. 2024. https://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10036&Lang=ENG&Dimension=100&Parent_ID=10004&Ver=HTML
4 本文段中新闻信息均来自WiseNews数据库(wisesearch6.wisers.net)。
严 祥:文献搜集、论文构思、数据搜集、论文撰写及修改;
韩子璇:论文构思、数据搜集、论文修改;
祝怡文:论文构思、论文修改;
何深静:论文构思、数据搜集、论文撰写及修改、基金支持。
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