广州市雨潮遭遇组合风险及其空间分布特征
郑杨坤(2001—),男,广东湛江人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水灾害与水环境,(E-mail)1607569757@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2024-07-05
修回日期: 2024-09-25
网络出版日期: 2025-04-03
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(52279033)
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)资助项目(SML2023SP213)
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Co-occurrence Risk of Rainstorms and High Tide Levels in Guangzhou
Received date: 2024-07-05
Revised date: 2024-09-25
Online published: 2025-04-03
中国沿海城市经常受到雨潮遭遇复合灾害的影响,合理计算不同标准下的降雨、潮位设计组合值,对沿海城市防洪排涝规划设计具有重要意义。文章以广州市105个排涝片区为研究对象,基于2个潮位站点和广州市高程数据,将105个涝区划分为37个非高潮位影响区域与68个高潮位影响区域,并基于超阈值选样法选取片区雨量序列及其对应的潮位序列。在此基础上,通过Copula函数和同频法计算各片区不同联合重现期下雨量、潮位设计组合值,并分析其空间分布特征。结果表明:受降雨量、高程等因素的影响,雨潮遭遇联合重现期为50、100、200 a时,各排涝片区雨潮设计量级分别约为30~35、50~58、74~94 a,雨潮遭遇具有明显的放大效应。设计暴雨总体呈自北向南逐步减少趋势。广州市百年一遇日降雨和高潮位遭遇概率大体呈从北向南增大趋势;广州市远离河口的区域相对于中部与南部地区更不容易受高潮位影响,雨潮遭遇风险相对较低。
郑杨坤 , 王锋 , 韦秋莹 , 张云 , 杨芳 , 胡茂川 . 广州市雨潮遭遇组合风险及其空间分布特征[J]. 热带地理, 2025 : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240446
In the context of global climate change and accelerated urbanization, coastal cities in China are facing increasing risks from compound disasters caused by the co-occurrence of extreme rainfall and high tide levels. These risks pose substantial threats to urban development and the safety of residents' lives and property. Therefore, it is essential to reasonably calculate the designed co-occurrence probability of rainfall and tide levels under different standards for the planning and design of flood control and drainage systems in coastal cities. In this study, we selected 105 drainage zones in Guangzhou, China with the aim of analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics and co-occurrence risk of extreme rainfall and high tide levels. Based on tide level and elevation data from Guangzhou, the 105 flood-prone zones were divided into 37 areas unaffected by high tide levels and 68 areas affected by high tide levels. Rainfall sequences and corresponding tide-level sequences for each zone were selected using the peak-over-threshold sampling method. On this basis, the designed combinations of rainfall and tide levels under different joint return periods were calculated using Copula functions and the co-frequency method, and their spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. Our results show that, influenced by factors such as rainfall volume and elevation, the joint return periods of extreme rainfall and high tide levels for 50-year, 100-year, and 200-year events were approximately 30~35 years, 50~58 years, and 74~94 years, respectively. This indicates that the designed return periods for extreme rainfall and high tide levels individually were lower than their corresponding joint return periods, highlighting the obvious amplification effect of the co-occurrence of rainfall and tide levels. The designed storm intensity generally decreased from north to south, reflecting the spatial variability of rainfall patterns across the city. The probability of a 100-year daily rainfall event coinciding with a 100-year high tide level in Guangzhou showed an increasing trend from north to south, underscoring the heightened vulnerability of the southern regions to compound flooding. Additionally, areas in Guangzhou farther from the estuary were less affected by high tide levels than the central and southern regions, resulting in relatively lower risks of rainfall–tide level co-occurrence. This spatial heterogeneity emphasizes the need for region-specific flood control strategies. Our findings provide valuable insight into the spatial distribution and risk of compound flooding in Guangzhou, China. By quantifying the joint probabilities of extreme rainfall and tidal events, we offered a scientific basis for optimizing flood control and drainage infrastructure. The results of this study can guide policymakers and urban planners in developing targeted measures to mitigate the impacts of compound disasters, thereby enhancing the resilience of coastal cities to climate change and urbanization. This study not only contributes to the understanding of flood risks in Guangzhou but also provides a methodological framework that can be applied to other coastal cities facing similar challenges. The research outcomes serve as a critical reference for the planning and design of flood control and drainage systems in Guangzhou, offering practical solutions to reduce the risks posed by compound disasters and to safeguard urban development and public safety.
表1 高潮位影响区域划分使用站点信息Table 1 High-tide level impact area delineation using site information |
站点名称 | 站点地址 | 实测最大洪潮水位/m |
---|---|---|
中大潮位站 | 海珠区新港街道中大社区中山大学南 | 3.28 |
万顷沙西潮位站 | 南沙区横沥镇冯马一村村委会新安村 | 2.95 |
三沙口潮位站 | 番禺区石楼镇清流村 | 3.14 |
黄埔潮位站 | 黄埔区黄埔街道港前路社区黄埔港外 | 3.07 |
表2 Copula函数选优指标计算结果Table 2 Calculation results of Copula function optimization index |
Copula函数名称 | BIC信息准则 | AIC信息准则 |
---|---|---|
Clayton Copula | -135.881 | -137.959 |
Gumbel Copula | -196.618 | -198.695 |
Frank Copula | -208.342 | -210.420 |
图4 广州市百年一遇日降雨量与百年一遇高潮位遭遇概率分布Fig.4 Probability Distribution of Encountering 1-in-100-Year Daily Rainfall and 1-in-100-Year High Tide Level in Guangzhou Municipality |
郑杨坤:负责数据处理与分析,论文撰写与修改;
王 峰:提供关键数据和论文思路指导,参与论文撰写与修改;
韦秋莹:参与数据分析和论文框架讨论;
张 云:提供论文指导与修改;
杨 芳:提供数据支持;
胡茂川:提供论文整体思路和方法指导,参与论文撰写与修改。
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