边际化背景下的耕地非粮化研究进展与展望
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李升发(1986—),男,广东三水人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为土地利用与土地边际化,(E-mail)li_shengfa@126.com。 |
收稿日期: 2024-08-08
修回日期: 2025-01-18
网络出版日期: 2025-05-23
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(41930757)
广东省科学院打造综合产业技术创新中心行动资金项目(2023GDASZH-2023010101)
广州大学研究生创新能力培养项目(JCCX2024-033)
Research Progress and Prospects of Non-Grain Use of Cultivated Land in Marginalized Contexts
Received date: 2024-08-08
Revised date: 2025-01-18
Online published: 2025-05-23
受劳动力成本快速上涨和种粮比较收益下降的影响,中国耕地非粮化现象日益显著。文章基于耕地边际化视角,在解析耕地非粮化发生理论的基础上,系统梳理耕地非粮化的研究进展,最后提出研究展望。研究表明:1)理论解析层面,耕地边际化理论明晰了耕地非粮化的核心驱动力与现实背景,在此背景下地租理论能解释非粮化区位的选择逻辑,农户行为理论阐述了农户特征差异会影响耕地非粮化的发生;2)耕地非粮化的定义不断演化与深化,现阶段仍主要以“粮作比”为测算指标,但该种测算方式存在一定局限性;3)在生产要素约束和政策激励下,非粮化程度呈现波动上升,并具有显著的空间分异特征,山区、粮食产销区与产销平衡区、城区与近郊区域属于耕地非粮化的多发区域;4)耕地边际化是耕地非粮化的主要驱动力,但耕地非粮化的发生还受到多因素综合影响,如自然禀赋会影响种植的适宜性、农户特征影响农户的非粮化需求程度、国家政策逐渐减缓耕地非粮化进程;5)耕地非粮化为生态环境、粮食安全与农民生计带来复杂的影响;6)用途管制是中国调控耕地非粮化的主要措施,但该措施的可持续性有待商榷。面对中国耕地边际化快速扩张的趋势和多元化食物供给体系构建的新要求,传统的耕地非粮化认知与研究范式亟需重构,需聚焦于多阶段、多尺度与多主体的协同分析,分别探讨耕地非粮化的演变过程、发生机制与治理模式等重点内容。
李升发 , 吴钊骏 , 吴大放 , 杜建会 , 林彤 , 马畅 , 高子雅 . 边际化背景下的耕地非粮化研究进展与展望[J]. 热带地理, 2025 , 45(5) : 758 -775 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240524
Influenced by the rapid increase in labor costs and the decline in the comparative benefits of grain planting, the phenomenon of Non-Grain Use of Cultivated Land (NGUCL) in China has become increasingly prominent. Firstly, from the perspective of cultivated land marginalization, this study combines the theory of cultivated land marginalization, the theory of land rent, and the theory of farmers' behavior to jointly analyze the theoretical basis for the occurrence of NGUCL. Secondly, it systematically reviews the research progress regarding NGUCL, and finally presents prospects for future research. The study shows that: (1) At the level of theoretical analysis, the theory of cultivated land marginalization clarifies the core driving force and the realistic background of NGUCL. In the context of marginalization, the theory of land rent can explain the logic of choosing the location of NGUCL, and the theory of farmers' behavior can explain how differences in farmers' characteristics affect the occurrence of NGUCL. (2) The definition of NGUCL has been evolving and deepening, and at the present stage, the "food-crop ratio" is still the main indicator, but there are certain limitations in this way of measurement. (3) Under the constraints of production factors and policy incentives, the degree of NGUCL shows a fluctuating increase and is characterized by significant spatial differentiation. Among them, mountainous areas, food production and marketing zones, production and marketing balance zones, urban and peri-urban areas are among the areas in which NGUCL happens all the time. (4) While cultivated land marginalization is the main driving force of NGUCL, the occurrence of NGUCL is also affected by a combination of factors, such as natural endowment, which affects the appropriateness of cultivation, the characteristics of farmers, which affects the degree of farmers' demand for NGUCL, and national policies, which gradually slow down the process of NGUCL. (5) NGUCL has complex implications for ecosystems, food security and farmers' livelihoods. 6. The use control of cultivated land is the main measure in China to regulate NGUCL, but the sustainability of this measure is open to question. In the face of the rapid expansion of the cultivated land marginalization in China and the new requirements for the construction of a diversified food supply system, it is urgent to reconstruct the traditional cognition and research paradigm of NGUCL. In the future, we need to focus on the synergistic analysis of multi-stage, multi-scale and multi-subjects, and explore the evolution process, occurrence mechanism and governance mode of NGUCL.
表1 中国耕地非粮化演变历程Table 1 Evolution of non-grain production of cropland in China |
| 演变历程 | 持续时间 | 主要变化原因 | 主要特征 |
|---|---|---|---|
| “波动扩张” 阶段 | 1978—2004年 | 劳动力、耕地等农业要素约束与生产资料价格上升(王善高 等,2017; 罗必良 等,2018b;周维 等,2019),致使粮食生产效益下降。 | 非粮作物以蔬菜瓜果、油料、棉花为主(杜国明 等,2022) |
| “相对稳定” 阶段 | 2005—2016年 | 包括“减免”(农业税与特产税减免)、“补贴”(种粮、良种、农机补贴)和 “保障”(粮食最低保护价格、严格保护耕地、严控农资价格、增加农民 收入)(全世文,2022;邹金浪 等,2022)等政策调控有效地缓解了耕地 边际化影响,激励农户种植粮食。 | 粮食播种面积保持大致稳定(黄祖辉 等,2022) |
| “小幅上升” 阶段 | 2017年至今 | 土地流转市场化与居民膳食消费升级等多因素影响(叶思菁 等,2023; 靳卫东 等,2023;杨慧琳 等,2024),粮食生产与其他农业生产之间的 收益差距进一步扩大。 | 蔬菜、油类和瓜果的播种面积占比增加,蔬菜种植面积大幅扩张(孟菲 等,2022) |
1 原版出版时间为1978年,此处参考自中译本(雷利·巴洛维,1989)。
李升发:论文选题、整体框架设计与撰写;
吴钊骏:研究内容梳理与论文撰写;
吴大放:研究热点与研究思路梳理;
杜建会:论文撰写指导,提出修改建议;
林 彤:文献收集与梳理分析;
马 畅:论文校对与审稿意见修改;
高子雅:论文校对与检查。
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