生计资本对滨海渔民生计旅游转型意愿的影响——风险认知的中介效应
陈扬乐:论文选题、研究设计、模型构建、论文修改与定稿等;
王天艺:文献分析、实地调研、数据收集与分析,论文初稿撰写等;
唐小芊:参与实地调研、数据收集与分析、图文处理等。
陈扬乐(1965—),男,湖南隆回人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为海洋旅游、经济地理,(E-mail)991352@hainanu.edu.cn; |
收稿日期: 2024-03-31
修回日期: 2024-08-15
网络出版日期: 2025-07-18
基金资助
国家社科基金项目:南海命运共同体视域下南沙旅游开发国际合作的动能与路径研究(21BGL019)
三亚学院高层次人才引进项目:出租车场域下主客互动对游客目的地至爱的影响研究(USYRC24-13)
Influence of Livelihood Capital on Coastal Fishermen's Intentions for Livelihood Tourism Transformation: The Mediatory Role of Risk Cognition
Received date: 2024-03-31
Revised date: 2024-08-15
Online published: 2025-07-18
生计旅游转型是滨海渔民实现生计策略优化和可持续发展的关键,也是改善海洋生态环境、保护海洋生物多样性及支持目的地旅游业发展的有效策略。文章以可持续生计理论和前景理论为基础,结合滨海渔民特殊属性,搭建滨海渔民生计资本评价指标体系,并构建生计资本、风险认知和生计旅游转型意愿之间的关系模型,进而利用对海南省琼海市潭门镇捕捞渔民开展调查获取的310份有效问卷进行实证检验。研究发现:1)滨海渔民可持续生计总体水平较低,维度差异较大。其中自然资本水平较高,人力资本与物质资本水平中等,金融资本水平较低,社会资本水平最低。2)生计资本对渔民生计旅游转型意愿产生显著影响,其中人力资本、物质资本、社会资本产生显著正向影响,自然资本和金融产生显著负向影响。3)风险认知在人力资本、社会资本和金融资本对生计旅游转型意愿影响中存在中介效应,而在自然资本和物质资本影响中的中介效应不显著。
陈扬乐 , 王天艺 , 唐小芊 . 生计资本对滨海渔民生计旅游转型意愿的影响——风险认知的中介效应[J]. 热带地理, 2025 , 45(7) : 1214 -1224 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240193
The transformation of livelihood tourism is a key factor for fishermen in optimizing their livelihood strategies and achieving sustainable development. This is an effective strategy for improving the marine ecological environment, protecting marine biodiversity, and supporting the development of destination tourism. Recent research has demonstrated that the transformation of livelihood tourism is one of the most promising strategies for rural tourism destinations. In addition to considering the individual livelihood capital status, livelihood tourism transformation must assess the risks and uncertainties that may exist. Based on sustainable livelihood and prospect theories, this study considered the unique characteristics of coastal fishermen and established a livelihood capital evaluation index system for them. An integrated model was constructed using livelihood capital, risk cognition, and livelihood tourism transformation intention. An empirical test was conducted using 310 valid questionnaires obtained from a survey of fishermen in Tanmen Town, Qionghai City, Hainan Province, China. The results were as follows. (1) The overall level of sustainable livelihood among coastal fishermen was relatively low, with significant differences in its dimensions. The level of natural capital was relatively high, with a livelihood capital value of 0.646. Human and material capital were at moderate levels, with livelihood capital values of 0.555 and 0.510, respectively. Financial and social capital levels were relatively low, with livelihood capital values of 0.280 and 0.192, respectively. The livelihood capital levels of coastal fishermen were generally lower than those of farmers in other regions. (2) Livelihood capital significantly influenced fishermen's willingness to engage in livelihood tourism transformation, with human, material, and social capital showing significant positive effects, consistent with previous research findings. Natural and financial capital had significant negative effects. Owing to the unique attributes of coastal fishermen, the impact of financial capital on their willingness to engage in livelihood tourism transformation differedO from previous research conclusions. (3) Risk cognition had an intermediate effect between human, social, and financial capital on livelihood tourism transformation intention. The mediating effects of natural and material capital on livelihood tourism transformation intention were not significant. This study revealed the relevant factors influencing livelihood tourism transformation intention. It innovatively discusses the mediating role of risk perception in the influence of livelihood capital on livelihood tourism transformation intention by combining it with prospect theory. It deepens the understanding of existing studies on the livelihood level and structure of coastal fishermen and enriches the application of prospect theory in tourism research. It provides theoretical support and a scientific basis for improving the livelihood level of fishermen and the driving force of livelihood tourism transformation, offering new insights for optimizing livelihood strategies and sustainable development of coastal fishermen.
表1 生计资本权重和量化值Table 1 Livelihood capital weights and quantified values |
生计资本 (生计资本值) | 权重/% | 量化值 | 测量指标 | 权重/% | 量化值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
人力资本 (0.555) | 7.407 | 0.595 | 健康状况 | 25.886 | 0.689 |
受教育程度 | 50.866 | 0.421 | |||
劳动力数量 | 23.248 | 0.697 | |||
自然资本 (0.646) | 9.230 | 0.669 | 渔业资源量 | 41.323 | 0.612 |
捕捞范围 | 40.742 | 0.627 | |||
林地、耕地等面积 | 17.935 | 0.767 | |||
物质资本 (0.510) | 15.090 | 0.517 | 住房面积 | 26.534 | 0.581 |
家庭渔船价值 | 38.006 | 0.480 | |||
耐用品数量 | 35.460 | 0.490 | |||
社会资本 (0.192) | 42.731 | 0.313 | 邻里密切度 | 7.359 | 0.580 |
技能培训机会 | 57.292 | 0.106 | |||
社会联结度 | 35.349 | 0.252 | |||
金融资本 (0.280) | 25.542 | 0.288 | 家庭年总收入 | 29.463 | 0.316 |
收入来源多样性 | 28.435 | 0.327 | |||
贷款难易度 | 42.102 | 0.222 | |||
生计资本总值 | 0.391 |
表2 生计资本与生计旅游转型意愿的二元Logit回归分析Table 2 Binary logistic regression analysis of livelihood capital and livelihood tourism transformation intention |
变量 | β | SE | z值 | Wald | P | OR值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
常量 | -0.672 | 0.938 | -0.716 | 0.513 | 0.474 | 0.511 |
人力资本 | 0.659 | 0.175 | 3.766 | 14.211 | 0.000 | 1.933 |
自然资本 | -0.459 | 0.160 | -2.869 | 8.277 | 0.004 | 0.632 |
物质资本 | 0.326 | 0.130 | 2.508 | 6.282 | 0.012 | 1.385 |
社会资本 | 0.466 | 0.157 | 2.968 | 8.833 | 0.003 | 1.593 |
金融资本 | -0.345 | 0.163 | -2.117 | 4.484 | 0.034 | 0.708 |
表3 中介路径检验结果Table 3 Intermediate path test results |
路径 | Effect | BootSE | BootLLCI | BootULCI | 效应占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
人力资本→风险认知→生计旅游转型意愿 | 0.196 4 | 0.074 3 | 0.074 2 | 0.362 2 | 25.45 |
自然资本→风险认知→生计旅游转型意愿 | -0.061 6 | 0.044 3 | -0.161 0 | 0.017 5 | 15.38 |
物质资本→风险认知→生计旅游转型意愿 | 0.054 0 | 0.037 8 | -0.013 5 | 0.136 1 | 15.47 |
社会资本→风险认知→生计旅游转型意愿 | 0.175 7 | 0.072 4 | 0.046 3 | 0.328 9 | 27.33 |
金融资本→风险认知→生计旅游转型意愿 | 0.109 9 | 0.054 6 | 0.011 0 | 0.228 6 | 35.03 |
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