西双版纳亚洲象保护地的动物氛围建构与协商
刘嘉文:论文撰写、修改,田野调查与数据获取分析;
唐雪琼:调研支持,课题整体规划,论文撰写指导;
尹 铎:论文选题、撰写、修改与指导。
刘嘉文(2000—),男,贵州赤水人,硕士研究生,研究方向为社会文化地理,(E-mail)1402885126@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2024-12-09
修回日期: 2025-03-16
网络出版日期: 2025-08-21
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(42371227)
国家自然科学基金(42171240)
云南省兴滇英才计划项目
The Construction of "Animals' Atmosphere" and Negotiations between Animal Groups in the Xishuangbanna Asian Elephant Protected Area
Received date: 2024-12-09
Revised date: 2025-03-16
Online published: 2025-08-21
基于动物氛围的核心概念,以西双版纳国家级自然保护区的勐养子保护区为例,探讨人与野生动物在多元时空维度下的互动及情感氛围的生成与演变。研究发现:1)历史时期亚洲象的主体性通过文化表征的形式映射了地方居民的情感体验,奠定了自古以来人象关系的感情基调;但近代以来,在发展逻辑的转变下,物质环境与社群关系的变迁重塑了亚洲象的生活世界,人象之间的负面情感氛围凸显。2)在现代旅游及保育活动的影响下,亚洲象的主体性在不同的互动情景中得以施展,同时物质环境的变化又重塑了人象之间的社群关系,人象之间共同展演了排斥与喜爱交织的复杂情感氛围。3)人象之间的多元情感是人与野生动物在特定时空中协商与博弈的结果,亚洲象通过其情感主体性深刻影响了人类对保护与发展的认知与实践。
刘嘉文 , 唐雪琼 , 尹铎 . 西双版纳亚洲象保护地的动物氛围建构与协商[J]. 热带地理, 2025 : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240810
Protected area is a crucial spatial concept in contemporary human geographical research. Previous research concerning human-wildlife relationships has predominantly focused on pragmatic frameworks such as wildlife population management strategies or post-conflict compensation mechanisms. However, the "emotional turn" concept in human geography points out that research on human-animal interactions must not overlook the affective interactions between humans and animals that occur within specific places. Therefore, this study selected the Mengyang Sub-Reserve in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, China, to investigate the underlying factors influencing human-wildlife interactions within protected areas,. Drawing on the core concept of "animals' atmosphere," it explored human-wildlife interactions across multiple spatiotemporal dimensions and the generation and evolution of affective atmospheres. This study employed comprehensive qualitative methods, including participatory observation and textual analysis. The main findings are as follows: (1) In the pre-modern era, the subjectivity of Asian elephants was reflected through cultural representations, such as historical allusions and mythological legends, which mapped the affective experiences of local residents and focused on reverence and admiration. These affective experiences have established the emotional foundation of the human-elephant relationship since ancient times. However, since the modern era, economic development, transformations in the material environment, and community relationships have reshaped the lifeworld of Asian elephants. Phenomena, such as habitat destruction and poaching, have led to a predominantly negative atmosphere between humans and elephants. (2) The introduction of modern tourism and conservation activities have meant that the subjectivity associated with Asian elephants is exercised in non-representational ways within different interaction contexts: For example, scenic areas manipulate the interactions between humans and non-human animals by reshaping tourist spaces where tourists discern the subjectivity of Asian elephants through the act of gazing. Asian elephants continuously adjust their interactive approaches toward local residents through bodily gestures and accumulate survival capital through contestation and negotiation within specific spaces and times. Additionally, conservation rangers establish deeper emotional connections with Asian elephants through specialized zoological knowledge. (3) Although scenic areas manipulate tourist sentiment by creating material environments, there is often a friction between tourism operations that cater to modern tourism experiences and wild elephant survival patterns. Humans and Asian elephants constantly construct their comfort zones through mutual negotiation and compromise. In summary, this study reinvestigated the affective networks between humans and animals from a "more-than-human" perspective. It utilized the concept of the "animal atmosphere" and elucidated the intrinsic logic between conservation and development within protected areas. The findings emphasize that affective logic can still be used to uniquely interpret cross-species relationships within these coexistence spaces and provides a geographical explanation that can improve understanding about the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Moreover, this study analyzes the relationship between wildlife conservation and local development from spatial and affective perspectives. It addresses previously inadequate research on the differences in agency among multiple actors, responds to contemporary new animal geography requirements to explore animal agency across diverse spatiotemporal contexts, and provides concrete empirical results within a distinctive Chinese context. Finally, the study suggests that future research should engage more extensively in dialogue with disciplines such as animal ecology and ethology and should shift its focus towards more concrete tourism contexts to analyze the applicability of the theoretical concept of "animal atmospheres" across different scenarios.
“有一次象群要借道,发生过小象掉进路边的排水渠的事情。大象它是很护犊的,所以象群过马路时会比较紧张,通常作为首领的一头母象会先从树林边进入道路,而身后的小象以及其他成员会紧随其后,甚至会有几头象作为警戒象待在道路中央,警惕地看着远处观望的游客,发出吼叫,它们是在警告你,怕你伤害小象,让你不要靠近。”
1 https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202407/content_6963772.htm
2 https://www.wwfchina.org/news-detail?id=1508&type=3
3 https://movie.douban.com/subject/5975207/
4 https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2672835
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