流动中的奉献:三亚老年旅居者志愿服务行为研究
选题方向与思路指导
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段圣奎(1982—),男,江苏徐州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为旅居养老、老年旅游,E-mail:dsk70225@163.com |
收稿日期: 2025-08-04
修回日期: 2025-10-08
网络出版日期: 2026-04-02
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41971189)
版权
Devotion in Motion: A Study on Volunteer Service Behavior of Elderly Sojourners in Sanya
Received date: 2025-08-04
Revised date: 2025-10-08
Online published: 2026-04-02
Copyright
在人口老龄化与空间流动性增强的双重背景下,老年旅居者的季节性迁移行为构成了独特的“休闲−志愿”实践场域。文章基于流动性视角,以海南省三亚市25名老年旅居者为研究对象,采用深度访谈方法,探讨老年旅居者志愿服务行为的影响因素、过程变化及生成意义。研究发现:1)老年志愿服务行为体现了个体追求、社会联结与空间赋能三者之间的互动,是个体能动性与地方社会空间相互建构的结果;2)以休闲体验为切入点,老年志愿服务行为实现了从偶然自发、零散无序向规范有序、常态开展的转型,在地域情感驱动下,逐渐形成参与深入、行为自觉的鲜明特征;3)老年志愿服务行为背后存在“人−地”互动机制,即需求−资源弹性匹配、跨地域社会资本积累、个体−社会价值耦合与地方依恋驱动。
段圣奎 , 张丽 , 苏勤 . 流动中的奉献:三亚老年旅居者志愿服务行为研究[J]. 热带地理, 2026 , 46(4) : 653 -666 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20250524
The seasonal migration of elderly sojourners constitutes a unique "leisure-volunteering" practice field against the dual backdrop of population aging and enhanced spatial mobility. Adopting a mobility perspective encompassing spatiotemporal mobility, social-relational mobility, and the mobility of identity and meaning, this study developed a theoretical framework for the volunteer service behavior of elderly sojourners. Taking Sanya City, Hainan Province, as a case study, in-depth interviews with 25 elderly sojourners and participatory observations were conducted to examine the influencing factors, processual dynamics, and generative meanings of their volunteer service behavior. The findings reveal that 1) this behavior is influenced at three levels—individual, social, and place—through seven factors: value embodiment, physical and mental pleasure, personality traits, social interaction, social responsibility, place attachment, and place support. It emerges as a composite practice shaped by the interaction of individual pursuits, social connections, and spatial empowerment, forming a multidimensional explanatory framework of "Individual Needs—Social Networks—Spatial Environment." 2) Behavior evolves in three stages: Initiated by leisure experiences, it transitions from sporadic spontaneity to standardized and regular engagement. Driven by place-based emotions, this develops into deep participation and conscious action. Following the logic of "adaptation—integration—emotional bonding," elderly sojourners establish profound connections with the local socio-spatial context, transforming from passive "environment enjoyers" into active "co-constructors of the city" and reconstructing human-place relationships. 3) Behavior is not a simple sum of influencing factors, but results from the synergistic interaction of individual, social, and place-based factors. Four core mechanisms of human-place interaction—flexible matching of demand and resources, accumulation of cross-regional social capital, coupling of individual and social values, and place attachment as a driving force—collectively propel its generation and continuous evolution. This study transcends the narrow view of elderly migration as mere retirement or consumption behavior. Volunteer mobility services demonstrate the strong agency and adaptive resilience of the elderly in new environments. Moving beyond traditional individualistic paradigms, it emphasizes that this behavior is essentially the mutual constitution of individual agency and local socio-spatial contexts, achieving "bidirectional empowerment"—injecting new meaning into the elderly's life course while flexibly supplementing local governance systems. This study offers a new perspective for understanding the local integration of mobile populations in an aging society. By integrating volunteer service behaviors into the study of elderly mobility, this research enriches active aging theories while extending the conceptualization of mobility to the micro level.
Key words: elderly sojourner; volunteer behavior; tourism and leisure; motion; Sanya
表1 访谈对象基本信息(老年旅居者)Table 1 Basic information of interviewees(elderly sojourners) |
| 编号 | 性别 | 年龄/岁 | 来源地 | 开始旅居 年份 | 年均居住 时间/月 | 退休前 工作 |
| A01 | 男 | 78 | 佳木斯 | 2006 | 6 | 机关公务员 |
| A02 | 男 | 72 | 北京 | 2009 | 10 | 大学教师 |
| A03 | 女 | 70 | 哈尔滨 | 2010 | 8 | 事业单位干部 |
| A04 | 男 | 71 | 牡丹江 | 2010 | 6 | 国企职工 |
| A05 | 男 | 70 | 哈尔滨 | 2012 | 9 | 机关公务员 |
| A06 | 男 | 63 | 呼伦贝尔 | 2012 | 8 | 律师 |
| A07 | 女 | 69 | 哈尔滨 | 2013 | 10 | 大学教师 |
| A08 | 男 | 72 | 沈阳 | 2013 | 10 | 私营企业主 |
| A09 | 女 | 65 | 长春 | 2014 | 3 | 机关公务员 |
| A10 | 女 | 74 | 鸡西 | 2014 | 5 | 国企职工 |
| A11 | 男 | 65 | 乌鲁木齐 | 2015 | 4 | 大学教师 |
| A12 | 女 | 69 | 石家庄 | 2015 | 6 | 科研工作者 |
| A13 | 男 | 65 | 哈尔滨 | 2015 | 6 | 事业单位干部 |
| A14 | 男 | 76 | 长春 | 2015 | 4 | 军官 |
| A15 | 女 | 71 | 北京 | 2016 | 6 | 私企职工 |
| A16 | 男 | 68 | 天津 | 2016 | 6 | 中学教师 |
| A17 | 女 | 61 | 鄂尔多斯 | 2016 | 6 | 机关公务员 |
| A18 | 女 | 69 | 大庆 | 2016 | 8 | 国企职工 |
| A19 | 女 | 58 | 北京 | 2016 | 7 | 自由职业者 |
| A20 | 女 | 85 | 哈尔滨 | 2017 | 6 | 机关公务员 |
| A21 | 男 | 64 | 锦州 | 2017 | 2 | 国企职工 |
| A22 | 男 | 67 | 沈阳 | 2017 | 6 | 医生 |
| A23 | 女 | 75 | 鞍山 | 2018 | 3 | 事业单位干部 |
| A24 | 女 | 77 | 保定 | 2018 | 6 | 医生 |
| A25 | 男 | 70 | 济南 | 2019 | 7 | 大学教师 |
表2 访谈对象基本信息(当地官员)Table 2 Basic information of interviewees(local officials) |
| 编号 | 性别 | 年龄/岁 | 工作单位 |
| B01 | 男 | 48 | 三亚市老龄办 |
| B02 | 女 | 33 | 三亚市天涯区组织部 |
| B03 | 男 | 55 | 三亚市金鸡岭社区居委会 |
| B04 | 女 | 32 | 三亚市儋州社区居委会 |
| B05 | 女 | 35 | 三亚市旅文局 |
| B06 | 男 | 52 | 三亚市吉阳区旅文局 |
| B07 | 男 | 31 | 三亚市旅游协会 |
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