时间性嵌入下乡村避暑候鸟旅居者“家”的建构
资料整理、论文修改
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孙小龙(1983—),男,山西大同人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为民族村寨旅游,E-mail:lolsxl@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2025-11-12
修回日期: 2026-01-28
网络出版日期: 2026-04-02
基金资助
国家社会科学基金项目(22XMZ034);贵州省高校哲学社会科学实验室项目(黔教哲[2023]04号);贵州省高校人文社会科学研究项目资助(2025RW074)
版权
Construction of "Home" Among Rural Summer Migratory Sojourners Under Temporal Embeddedness
Received date: 2025-11-12
Revised date: 2026-01-28
Online published: 2026-04-02
Copyright
流动性背景下以乡村避暑旅居为特征的新兴家空间受到关注。在候鸟旅居者往复迁徙的时间作用下,其家空间的建构逻辑及演化过程为理解家与地方关系提供了新的理论视角,也为乡村旅游地高质量发展提供了支撑。文章以乡村避暑候鸟旅居者为对象,通过深度访谈和参与式观察,探索了乡村避暑候鸟旅居者在历时性变迁时间点下的家空间建构及其在不同时间域下的家空间演化。研究发现,乡村避暑候鸟旅居者的家,由流入时间点的物理栖居、适应时间点的情感积累和融入时间点的生命历程共同建构。乡村避暑候鸟旅居者家的建构呈现动态的时间域差异和演化特征:短时域以气候适应性为主导,中时域伴随稳定社交关系的形成,长时域则体现为持续回归的城乡两栖居住模式。
孙小龙 , 黄贤桥 , 唐江南 , 詹晶萍 . 时间性嵌入下乡村避暑候鸟旅居者“家”的建构[J]. 热带地理, 2026 , 46(4) : 640 -652 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20250797
Against the backdrop of fluid mobility, emerging home spaces characterized by rural summer retreats and seasonal residency have garnered increasing attention. Under the temporal dynamics of the cyclical movements of "migratory bird" residents, the construction logic and evolutionary processes of their home spaces offer new theoretical perspectives for understanding the relation between home and place and support the high-quality development of rural tourism destinations. This study uses Shanbao Village in Zunyi City and Pingba Village in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, as case sites. Via in-depth interviews and participatory observation, drawing on semi-structured interviews with 33 middle-aged and older rural summer migrant sojourners aged 55 and above and applying grounded theory coding, the study analyzes the structure and functions of home spaces using the temporal milestones of "inflow-adaptation-integration" in the construction of home by rural summer migrant sojourners. Furthermore, it examines the evolution of home space functions during continuous sojourning across three temporal domains: short-term (1-2 years), medium-term (3-5 years), and long-term (≥ 6 years). The findings reveal the following: 1) The homes of rural summer migrant sojourners are constructed from physical dwelling homes during the inflow stage, emotionally accumulated homes during the adaptation stage, and life-course homes during the integration stage. These dimensions interact and reinforce each other, collectively building the complete meaning of home. A physical dwelling home provides the foundation, an emotionally accumulated home imbues it with warmth, and a life-course home solidifies its significance. Temporality, via the continuous accumulation of memories, elevates transient experiences into a sense of enduring belonging, making the rural space an irreplaceable "place" in the sojourners’ life stories. 2) The construction of homes among rural summer migrant sojourners exhibits dynamic characteristics across temporal domains. In the short-term domain (1-2 years), climate adaptation dominates, and homes function as material carriers for summer retreat. In the medium-term domain (3-5 years), social networks solidify and stable social relationships are formed. In the long-term domain (≥6 years), physical and mental balance and satisfaction are achieved, leading to a "continuous return" urban-rural amphibious living pattern, in which rural space transforms into a spiritual home with emotional continuity and a sense of permanence. 3) The temporal evolution of home among rural summer migrant sojourners reflects the gradual deepening of functional needs, value demands, and emotional connections to home within this migrant group. The evolutionary process unfolds in three stages: from "physical dwelling" to "emotional attachment" and finally to "life meaning." Its essence lies in the transformation of temporary spaces into homes of temporal depth via cyclical practice. This study focuses on rural summer migrant sojourners, embedding a temporal evolutionary perspective to analyze how they construct home spaces during seasonal mobility. It expands the temporal dimensions of home analysis and moves beyond the traditional singular spatial perspective of home research, offering a new theoretical lens for understanding home, place, and belonging in a mobile society. In addition, this research provides a basis for rural summer tourism destinations to formulate social integration policies targeting migrant sojourners, thereby promoting high-quality development and the comprehensive revitalization of rural tourism.
表1 受访者基本信息Table 1 Demographic profile of interviewees |
| 指标 | 山堡村 | 平坝村 | ||||
| 受访者 人数/人 | 占比/% | 受访者 人数/人 | 占比/% | |||
| 性别 | 男 | 15 | 60 | 3 | 37.5 | |
| 女 | 10 | 40 | 5 | 62.5 | ||
| 年龄/岁 | 55~60 | 7 | 28 | 2 | 25 | |
| 61~70 | 11 | 44 | 4 | 50 | ||
| 71~80 | 5 | 20 | 2 | 25 | ||
| ≥81 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 职业 | 教师 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 25 | |
| 公务员 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 12.5 | ||
| 国企人员 | 9 | 36 | 3 | 37.5 | ||
| 自由职业 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 25 | ||
| 其他 | 11 | 44 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 月均 收入/元 | ≤3 000 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 25 | |
| >3 000~5 000 | 8 | 32 | 4 | 12.5 | ||
| >5 000~8 000 | 9 | 36 | 1 | 12.5 | ||
| >8 000 | 6 | 24 | 1 | 12.5 | ||
| 连续旅居 时间/a | 1~2 | 12 | 48 | 4 | 50 | |
| 3~5 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 25 | ||
| ≥6 | 9 | 36 | 2 | 25 | ||
| 客源地 | 重庆 | 23 | 92 | 3 | 37.5 | |
| 成都 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 长沙 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 50 | ||
| 其他 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12.5 | ||
注:山堡村有效样本量N=25,平坝村有效样本量N=8;占比为各组占对应村总样本量的比例。 |
表2 开放性编码部分示例Table 2 Example of open coding |
| 核心类目 | 概念 | 原文示例(节点) | 编号 | 典型 时间域/a |
| 环境安全 | 安全 | 这里环境比较好,关键还有这个小院子,他也没得车辆过去过来的那种噪音带小孩,带孙子那些来的话,也很安全。 | T21 | 1~2 |
| 地方热情 | 热情好客 | 这里的人真是不错,一下车,遇到的人非常热情,我们跟这里的村民非常亲切,一点隔阂都没有。你在路上遇到,在路上遇到都会叫你来坐坐,来坐坐。 | A3 | |
| 气候舒适性 | 凉快 | 这里是山区,空气比较新鲜,气候比较凉快。 | T2 | |
| 空间邻近性 | 交通距离近 | 在湖北买一套房子,感觉到湖北去远了一点,这里要近一点。从家里开车来,要2个小时。 | T5 | |
| 环境舒适性 | 负氧离子高 | 我们去爬山那些的话就感觉不累,因为这里负氧离子高嘛,就不像我们那些地方爬山还是觉得有点累。 | T24 | |
| 主客互动 | 社交支持 | 他确实很不错,我们有困难的,我们感冒了,生病了,半夜三更发了疾病那免费接送。 | T22 | 3~5 |
| 邻里融洽 | 团结 | 他们来得早的就种好多菜,分给我们,很团结。那些垃圾他们主动的帮我们拿起出去了。 | T20 | |
| 结伴出游 | 多家庭结伴 | 出来避暑的一般是几家人一起出来。几家人一起吃,一起出去耍。 | A6 | |
| 家庭互动 | 代际照顾 | 就是一起的,都带得有娃儿,他们还没上来,因为还在补课。她有个孙,读三年级了,还要补课,就没来。我们来(这)几年都带起孙来的。 | T6 | |
| 集体归属感 | 大家庭 | 这里就像一个大家庭一样,非常好,特别热闹。就是一个大家庭,就是一个和谐欢乐的大家庭。 | A7 | |
| 健身锻炼 | 跳健身操 | 每天吃了晚饭随便走一圈再回来跳健身操,以前那儿没健身操的,我来了,才带动了那些跳(带动避暑旅居者们跳健身操)。 | T4 | ≥6 |
| 放松与逃离 | 日常逃离 | 在家里什么都不做,你总要洗碗嘛,总要去买菜,这个地方就好轻松,真的是轻松不得了,就像度假,拿个碗,就把自己的碗洗干净就行了。 | T10 | |
| 社会认可 | 乡村教育 | 我办了一个小学生培训班,每个星期上两次课,给他们做语言艺术的辅导,对了在外边挂了一个锦旗嘛。 | A4 | |
| 健康改善 | 疾病缓解 | 那些有鼻炎、咽炎那些在这好得多。 | T18 | |
| 时间感知 | 时间快 | 反正这两个月让我们真正体会到了光阴似箭,愉快得惨了,真的花儿(一下子)两个月就到了。 | T7 | |
| 周期性往返 | 定期返回 | 每年的五月份我(我们)要上来三四十个人,那哈我们要喊起上来(组织大家一起来这里),个人那间屋,可以给人打开透点风,给自己的棉被晒一下,晒了就准备七月份来了噻。 | T25 |
表3 主轴编码Table 3 Spindle coding |
| 主范畴 | 副范畴 | 对应范畴 | 标签举例 |
| 物理栖居 的家 | 居住空间与设施 | 院落式空间、空间邻近性、生活便利性、环境安全、设施设备 齐全、环境干净卫生、空间布置、物品留存、空间记忆、空间变迁 | 设施安全、清洁卫生、物品购置、 设施完善、物品存放、场地宽敞、 海拔高度、高负氧离子、凉快、 风土人情、安静、空气好、植被 高覆盖率、性价比高、乡土气息、 日出、日落、霞光、松竹环绕 |
| 气候条件 | 气候舒适性、海拔适中、空气清新 | ||
| 乡村环境 | 乡村氛围感、地方热情、食材健康、物价水平低、环境舒适、 绿水青山、环境淸静、田园风光、烟火气、自然景观 | ||
| 情感积累 的家 | 家庭互动 | 家务劳动、代际照顾、家人探望、家庭角色承担、家庭支持、 家庭结伴 | 做饭、照顾小孩、亲属探访、子女 支持、结伴出游、土地耕种、互帮 互助、积极的社交环境、类家庭关系、 地缘社交、参与社区活动、结交朋友、 社区互助、主客互动、服务周到、 关心与支持、情感连接、大家庭、 家的感觉 |
| 社会交往 | 社交结伴、社交迁移、社交网络建立、生活性互动、仪式性互动、 社区参与、主客互动、邻里融洽、社交氛围活跃、社交关系转变、 社区融入、支持与互助 | ||
| 情感嵌入 | 情感认同、情感依恋、集体归属感、空间归属感、地方熟悉感、 地方好感 | ||
| 生命历程 的家 | 认可 | 放松与逃离、健康改善、舒适性体验、自由、社会认可、 对老板的认可、地方认同 | 疾病缓解、安逸、心情舒畅、日常 逃离、避暑知名度、政策优惠、 健身操、休闲探索、时间快、季节 变化、生活规律、退休、暑假、时间 协调、回归、变化、过去 |
| 行为 | 乡村垂钓、乡村赶集、健身锻炼、休闲娱乐、推介行为、 未来选择、居住稳定性 | ||
| 时间性感知 | 时间感知、时间节奏、生活节奏、个人生命历程、社会时间表、 时间共享、季节性居住、周期性往返、个人经历、时间尺度 |
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