长江经济带跨城风险投资的网络结构与运行机制
负责思路设计、分析框架和模型建立、论文修改与校对
收稿日期: 2025-11-06
修回日期: 2026-03-22
网络出版日期: 2026-06-01
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42271212);2025年江苏高校“青蓝工程”优秀教学团队(“双术”融合的公共管理教学团队)(苏教师函[2025]16号);南京财经大学大学生创新创业训练项目(X2025103270108)
版权
Network Structures and Operational Mechanisms of Intercity Venture Capital Investments in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Received date: 2025-11-06
Revised date: 2026-03-22
Online published: 2026-06-01
Copyright
文章聚焦于2006—2022年长江经济带的跨城风险投资流,构建出6个时间截面的有向加权网络,从微观节点层级、中观组团分类、宏观拓扑属性层面分析其网络结构特征;并运用指数随机图模型从内生结构效应、城市属性效应、外部情境效应探讨其运行机制。研究发现:1)上海始终是长江经济带的风险投资核心,杭州、南京、武汉、成都、重庆紧随其后;投资组团与省域或区域行政边界高度契合,形成了长三角强势组团、成渝双核组团、长江中游多中心组团与云贵新兴组团;2)长江经济带跨城风险投资网络的核心—边缘分异突出,呈现异配性,网络投资规模与城际投资强度整体提升,互惠性与小世界性不断强化,网络结构亦逐步优化;3)长江经济带跨城风险投资及演化的内生运行机制从早期以互惠机制和择优依附机制为主演化到后期传递闭合机制凸显的多方博弈;外生运行机制中,城市的全球化、市场化、城市化水平均促进跨城风险投资,但全球化和城市化的作用在下降而市场化的作用在加强;城市间地理和组织邻近对跨城风险投资的推动也在弱化。
赖秭妍 , 徐炜 , 仲欣雨 , 戴靓 . 长江经济带跨城风险投资的网络结构与运行机制[J]. 热带地理, 2026 : 1 -15 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20250783
Cross-regional venture capital investments are crucial drivers for reshaping urban and regional economies, and their structural characteristics and operational mechanisms are popular topics in economic and urban geography. Based on intercity venture capital flows in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2022, directed and weighted networks were constructed at six time points, and the network structural characteristics were analyzed from the perspectives of micro-node hierarchy, meso-cluster classification, and macro-topological attributes. Subsequently, the underlying operational mechanisms of intercity venture capital flows were further explored through the lenses of endogenous structural, urban attribute, and external contextual effects using exponential random graph models. The results showed that (1) Shanghai has consistently remained the core of venture capital networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, followed by Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chengdu, and Chongqing. Investment clusters are highly aligned with provincial or regional administrative boundaries, forming a strong cluster in the Yangtze River Delta, a dual-core cluster in Chengdu and Chongqing, a multicenter cluster in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and emerging clusters in Yunnan and Guizhou. (2) The core-periphery differentiation of intercity venture capital networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is prominent. The overall investment scale and intercity investment intensity of the networks increased, reciprocity and small-world characteristics were continuously strengthened, and network structures were gradually optimized. (3) The endogenous operational mechanisms of intercity venture capital flows in the Yangtze River Economic Belt evolved from reciprocal and preferential attachment mechanisms in the early stage to a later triadic closure mechanism driven by multiparty games. Regarding the exogenous operational mechanisms, the globalization, marketization and urbanization of cities promoted intercity venture capital flows, however, the roles of globalization and urbanization were decreasing whereas the role of marketization was increasing; the driving force of geographical and organizational proximity between cities to intercity venture capital flows was also decreasing. Based on these empirical findings, this study proposes policy recommendations for optimizing financial resource allocation and promoting coordinated regional development through network agglomeration and diffusion, urban functional division and interaction, and intercity barrier breaking and integration. Departing from existing research, this study systematically aligns network structural analysis with operational mechanisms across the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels, constructing an integrated multiscale analytical framework and a simulation methodology for complex networks. The applicability of this framework is validated through empirical investigation of intercity venture capital networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt with the aim of deepening our understanding of intercity venture capital investment mechanisms while providing insights for research on other urban networks.
表1 2006—2022年长江经济带城际风险投资流排名前十的城市Table 1 Top-10 Cities in cross-city venture capital flows in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2006–2022 |
| 排名 | 2006年 | 2009年 | 2013年 | 2016年 | 2019年 | 2022年 | |||||||||||||||||
| 中心性 | 投资 强度 | 融资 强度 | 中心性 | 投资 强度 | 融资 强度 | 中心性 | 投资 强度 | 融资 强度 | 中心性 | 投资 强度 | 融资 强度 | 中心性 | 投资 强度 | 融资 强度 | 中心性 | 投资 强度 | 融资 强度 | ||||||
| 1 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | 上海 | |||||
| 2 | 无锡 | 无锡 | 无锡 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | |||||
| 3 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 杭州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 武汉 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 南京 | 苏州 | |||||
| 4 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 苏州 | 武汉 | 武汉 | 武汉 | 南京 | 南京 | 成都 | 武汉 | 苏州 | 武汉 | 南京 | 宁波 | 南京 | 南京 | 苏州 | 南京 | |||||
| 5 | 南京 | 南京 | 南京 | 无锡 | 无锡 | 无锡 | 成都 | 成都 | 南京 | 南京 | 南京 | 南京 | 武汉 | 南京 | 武汉 | 合肥 | 宁波 | 成都 | |||||
| 6 | 武汉 | 武汉 | 南通 | 南京 | 长沙 | 成都 | 常州 | 武汉 | 常州 | 成都 | 宁波 | 成都 | 宁波 | 武汉 | 成都 | 宁波 | 合肥 | 合肥 | |||||
| 7 | 重庆 | 重庆 | 武汉 | 长沙 | 南京 | 南京 | 宁波 | 宁波 | 无锡 | 宁波 | 成都 | 无锡 | 成都 | 合肥 | 合肥 | 成都 | 成都 | 无锡 | |||||
| 8 | 南通 | 长沙 | 嘉兴 | 成都 | 成都 | 长沙 | 武汉 | 常州 | 宁波 | 重庆 | 重庆 | 重庆 | 合肥 | 成都 | 宁波 | 无锡 | 贵阳 | 武汉 | |||||
| 9 | 嘉兴 | 成都 | 重庆 | 嘉兴 | 嘉兴 | 重庆 | 无锡 | 长沙 | 重庆 | 无锡 | 嘉兴 | 宁波 | 无锡 | 无锡 | 无锡 | 武汉 | 武汉 | 宁波 | |||||
| 10 | 长沙 | 常州 | 台州 | 重庆 | 重庆 | 合肥 | 重庆 | 无锡 | 武汉 | 长沙 | 合肥 | 长沙 | 长沙 | 嘉兴 | 长沙 | 常州 | 无锡 | 常州 | |||||
表2 指数随机图模型变量Table 2 Variables of exponential random graph models |
| 网络结构 | 类型 | 统计量 | 变量解释 | |
| 宏观 拓扑 属性 | 基础项 | 边 | edges | 产生城际投资的基准倾向 |
| 内生 结构 效应 | 互惠性 | mutual | 城市间产生相互投资的倾向 | |
| 扩张性 | gwodegree | 城际投资关系呈星形分布的倾向 | ||
| 聚敛性 | gwidegree | 城际融资关系呈星形分布的倾向 | ||
| 闭合三角构型 | gwesp | 拥有共同邻居的城市产生直接风险投资形成闭合三角形的倾向 | ||
| 开放三角构型 | gwdsp | 城市之间通过共同邻居产生间接风险投资形成开放三角形的倾向 | ||
| 中观 组团 分类 | 外部 情境 效应 | 网络协变量 | edgecov(geo) | 地理邻近促进城际风险投资 |
| 网络同配性 | nodematch(pro) | 组织邻近促进城际风险投资 | ||
| nodematch(adm) | 制度邻近促进城际风险投资 | |||
| 微观 节点 层级 | 城市 属性 效应 | 发送者效应 | nodeocov(fdi) | 全球化、市场化、城市化水平高的城市更容易发出风险投资 |
| nodeocov(firm) | ||||
| nodeocov(uemp) | ||||
| 接收者效应 | nodeicov(fdi) | 全球化、市场化、城市化水平高的城市更容易接收风险投资 | ||
| nodeicov(firm) | ||||
| nodeicov(uemp) | ||||
表3 指数随机图模型的拟合结果Table 3 Regression results of exponential random graph models |
| 变量 | 2006年 | 2009年 | 2013年 | 2016年 | 2019年 | 2022年 |
| edges | -16.245***(1.838) | -16.620**(6.309) | -12.781**(4.681) | -15.516***(2.400) | -16.879**(5.387) | -10.036**(3.240) |
| mutual | 6.427***(0.572) | 10.812***(2.134) | 8.095**(2.541) | 7.510***(1.483) | 6.314***(0.623) | 5.681***(1.086) |
| gwodegree | -1.909***(0.438) | -0.604***(1.181) | -2.370*(1.207) | -0.835*(0.772) | -1.746*(2.071) | -0.323*(0.964) |
| gwidegree | -2.307***(0.441) | -1.097***(1.103) | -4.740**(2.882) | -0.470**(0.771) | -0.900**(1.267) | -0.114*(1.362) |
| gwesp | 0.100(0.351) | 0.009(0.411) | 0.156***(0.330) | 0.293***(0.198) | 0.418***(0.392) | 0.359***(0.021) |
| gwdsp | -0.059(0.263) | -0.002(0.124) | -0.299**(0.081) | -0.025**(0.025) | -0.175**(0.041) | -0.098**(0.177) |
| edgecov(geo) | 2.636***(0.161) | 3.528***(0.557) | 2.512***(0.367) | 2.685***(0.159) | 2.217***(0.506) | 2.210***(0.237) |
| nodematch(pro) | 1.639***(0.378) | 1.875***(1.273) | 1.683***(1.011) | 1.533***(0.426) | 0.182***(1.015) | 0.403***(0.850) |
| nodematch(adm) | -0.979***(0.225) | -2.504**(0.854) | -0.868**(0.609) | -0.833**(0.275) | -1.570**(0.542) | -1.439**(0.476) |
| nodeocov(fdi) | 0.054*(0.076) | 0.330*(0.385) | 0.271**(0.300) | 0.185**(0.113) | 0.056**(0.285) | 0.026*(0.130) |
| nodeicov(fdi) | 0.194*(0.083) | 0.517*(0.365) | 0.092**(0.358) | 0.024**(0.122) | 0.008**(0.181) | 0.001*(0.159) |
| nodeocov(firm) | 0.001*(0.000) | 0.021*(0.022) | 0.028**(0.009) | 0.021*(0.001) | 0.029*(0.004) | 0.026*(0.003) |
| nodeicov(firm) | 0.001**(0.000) | 0.024**(0.013) | 0.039***(0.010) | 0.031**(0.000) | 0.037***(0.001) | 0.037***(0.002) |
| nodeocov(emp) | 0.986***(0.164) | 0.635***(0.783) | 1.096***(0.632) | 1.220***(0.217) | 1.105*(0.455) | 0.660*(0.335) |
| nodeicov(emp) | 0.656***(0.162) | 1.441***(0.757) | 0.415***(0.590) | 1.091***(0.207) | 0.916*(0.429) | 0.497*(0.377) |
| AIC | 881.830 | 160.819 | 910.883 | 735.590 | 972.980 | |
| BIC | 974.906 | 250.208 | 843.291 | |||
| Log Likelihood | -427.915 | -65.409 | -440.441 | -352.795 | -471.490 | -693.127 |
注:*** P<0.001;** P<0.01;* P<0.05;括号中的数值为稳健标准误。 |
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