热带地理

热带地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 277-285.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002927

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄山市乡村聚落空间格局特征及其影响因素

方健，杨兴柱，朱琳   

  1. （安徽师范大学 国土资源与旅游学院，安徽 芜湖 241003）
  • 出版日期:2017-03-05 发布日期:2017-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 杨兴柱（1976―），男，安徽人，博士，教授，主要从事旅游地理学与人文地理学研究，（E-mail）yxzlv@163.com。
  • 作者简介:方健（1986―），男，安徽人，硕士研究生，主要从事旅游地理与旅游规划研究，（E-mail）272868126@qq.com

Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Huangshan and Its Influencing Factors

FANG Jian，YANG Xingzhu，ZHU Lin   

  1. （School of Territorial Resources and Tourism，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu 241000，China）
  • Online:2017-03-05 Published:2017-03-05

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被引次数

10

摘要：

以黄山市2014年卫星影像为数据源，综合运用景观格局指数定量分析方法和GIS空间分析方法深入分析了黄山市乡村聚落的空间格局特征。结果显示：黄山市聚落密度整体分布较为稀疏，但存在“中心城区”集聚分布的特征；黄山市乡村聚落规模分布表现出较强的空间自相关性；黄山市乡村聚落形态镇（乡）域分异明显，整体上看东北部较西南部复杂。海拔、坡度、交通、中心城镇、人口、经济、规划、政策等因子对乡村聚落的空间分布都具有重要影响，主要表现为：1）黄山市乡村聚落规模随着区域海拔和坡度的上升而减小；2）乡村聚落规模随着距交通线和中心城镇距离的增加呈现出下降的趋势；3）人口规模、经济实力与乡村聚落规模在空间分布上都具有正的相关性，人口规模大、经济实力强的乡镇，其聚落规模也较大；4）规划、政策等也是影响乡村聚落空间分布的重要因素，其对乡村聚落的空间分布具有调控和引导作用。虽然不同因素对乡村聚落空间分布的影响具有不同的特质，但是乡村聚落空间格局的最终形成是地形、区位、社会经济等多种因素相互交织在一起共同作用的结果。

关键词: 乡村聚落, 空间格局, 影响因素, 黄山市

Abstract:

Based on the satellite image survey data of Huangshan City in 2014, by using the related spatial analysis methods such as landscape pattern index and GIS spatial analyses, the spatial pattern characteristics of rural settlements in Huangshan City were analyzed. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: First, the overall distribution of settlement density of Huangshan City is sparse, but highlights the characteristics of “central city” agglomeration distribution; Second, the scale distribution of rural settlements shows a strong spatial autocorrelation, the high-value and low-value clusters of rural settlement scale are respectively characterized by aggregation distribution in space; Third, the spatial differentiations of township residential spatial pattern in Huangshan City are evident. There exists a distinct spatial disparity in Huangshan City. On the whole, the northeast part is more complex than the Southwest part. The quantitative analysis to rural settlement spatial distribution factors in the regional level indicates that the driving force of influencing rural settlement space distribution is mainly altitude, slope, traffic, central town, population, economy, planning, policy. On that basis, the main factors of rural settlement spatial pattern, as well as the rural settlement spatial morphological characteristics are discussed. 1) The scale of rural settlements in Huangshan City decreases with the increase of regional elevation and slope gradient. 2) With the increase of the distance between the traffic routes and the central towns, the scale of rural settlements shows a downward trend. 3) There is a positive correlation between population size, economic strength and settlement scale. If a town has a larger population size and stronger economy, the scale of rural settlement will be larger. 4) Planning and policy are also the important factors that affect the spatial distribution of rural settlements, they play an important role in the regulation and guidance. Although different factors have different characteristics on the spatial distribution of rural settlements, the final formation of the spatial pattern of rural settlements is the result of the interaction of terrain, location, social-economic conditions and other factors.