关键词: 气候变化, 气候伦理, 经济手段, 碳税, 气候模拟

Abstract: Climate change has gradually been the important global issue since last twenty years. Continuous concern and active responding to the Climate Change is a common goal and mission of all human beings. But how to cope with climate change has become to be the long-lasting dispute for different ethical value and economic benefits. The way leading to win-win and consensus based on fairness and equity is not only relating to the technical developing but also the challenge of human cognition. So the global climate governance especially based on the acknowledgement of chronicity and uncertainty is our choice. The climate ethics put forward some basic discussions in religious level such as what is our bottommost value, what is the right living mode, even what is the right position or role for each nation in the climate governance, etc., but the most important of them is the consensus that each nation has corresponding responsibility, duty and justice. This paper discusses the climate ethics through four aspects: First, although economics method is the best popular one for global action and climate decision, the controversies still rise and fall: economic target is not the only one during our decision, except economic efficiency principle, we still have much more meaningful principles like fairness, happiness, etc.. Second, as for the decision making, adaptation or mitigation, even emission reduction through technical progress, any different discounting rate needs justice and equity to realize win-win, which inevitably refer to quota allocation fair and intergenerational equity discussion then to the ethics principle discussion. Third, climate simulation based on empirical study must follow strictly theoretical deduction for the further policy research because of the chronicity, complexity and hysteresis quality of the climate change. Moreover, climate simulation is so intricacy that any parameter or indicator setting is influenced by value judgment more or less. Besides these, different country or region based on different situation or condition making different carbon-taxation system，adopting different taxation or subvention, will lead to fairness discussion more than economics issues if we decide to unify the carbon-taxation criterion. So we conclude that the best solution to achieve climate governance is climate simulation based on the more and more all-sided scientific knowledge.

Key words: climate change, climate ethics, climate economics, carbon-taxation, climate simulation