热带地理

热带地理 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 29-36.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003103

• 专题：国内外城镇的增长与收缩 • 上一篇    下一篇

城镇增长下的收缩：以武汉为例

高 喆a,b，尹宁玮b，童馨仪b，李东欣b，顾 江a,b   

  1. （华中师范大学 a. 地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室；b. 城市与环境科学学院，武汉 430079）
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-10 修回日期:2018-12-10 出版日期:2019-01-05 发布日期:2019-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 顾江（1987—），北京人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为人文地理与城乡规划，（E-mail）gujiang@mail.ccnu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:高喆（1985—），湖北武汉人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为人文地理与城乡规划，（E-mail）gaozhe@mail.ccnu.edu.cn；
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金青年项目（41601166）；华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目资助（CCNU18XJ049、CCNU16A05056）

Shrinkage under Urban Growth: A Case Study of Wuhan City

Gao Zhea,b, Yin Ningweib, Tong Xinyib, Li Dongxinb and Gu Jianga,b   

  1. (a. Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation; b. The College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)
  • Received:2018-10-10 Revised:2018-12-10 Online:2019-01-05 Published:2019-01-05

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摘要：

首先从人口、经济、用地3个维度综合考察武汉市增长与收缩的全貌，并采用县区及街道2个尺度的数据定量描述了武汉市增长与收缩的特征与空间格局，发现武汉市下辖青山区、硚口区、汉阳区和蔡甸区存在局部较严重的收缩现象，空间上形成集聚，形态上呈“穿孔式”。进一步以青山区为案例，着重从资本视角探讨发生局部收缩的内在机制，发现其存在老龄化、少子化趋势，但局部收缩的主因是资本从产业部门的“逃逸”。

关键词: 武汉, 城镇收缩, 潜在收缩, 人口结构, 资本循环

Abstract:

Unlike large-scale shrinkage that prevails in an economic recession, “shrinkage under growth” is a new phenomenon in China’s urban development in recent years. Since 2000, Wuhan has shown a pattern of co-occurrence of growth and shrinkage in population and is regarded as a good sample for investigation. Thus, this paper first comprehensively examines the whole picture of growth and shrinkage in Wuhan from three dimensions: population, economy, and land use; then, it quantitatively describes its features and spatial patterns by using data from the county and street levels. The paper finds that 1) from 2000 to 2016, 116 of the 156 streets with complete data statistics showed growth in their population, among which 64 streets grew by more than 30%. Forty of the 156 streets showed a decline in population, and 29 have decreased by more than 10%. 2) The streets with rapid population growth were concentrated in the boundary areas between the inner city and the new city, where new urban residential land was supplied in large quantities. 3) The local shrinkage that was observed in the four areas-Qingshan District, Qiaokou District, Hanyang District, and Caidian District-was agglomerated in space and morphologically “perforated.” Using Qingshan District as a case study, it was found that the area presented a spatial pattern of [growth in the east, shrinkage in the central region, and parallelism in the west]. The paper then explored the internal mechanism of the local shrinkage from the perspective of “capital.” It is believed that there is a trend of aging and minority birth, but the main cause of local shrinkage is the “escape” of capital from the industrial sector. Subsequent research can focus on the following three aspects: the identification of “shrinkage under growth”; the in-depth discussion of the internal mechanism of “shrinkage under growth”; and judgments on whether shrinkage was a short-term phenomenon or a long-term trend.

Key words: Wuhan, city shrinkage, potential shrinkage, population structure, capital cycle