关键词: 美丽乡村, 空间分异特征, 乡村群, 广州市

Abstract:

At present, along with rapid urban-rural transformation, rural development faces a new round of challenges. Under the progressive drive of urban-rural integration development, new countryside construction, and the rural revitalization strategy, rural development has been gradually receiving attention. Since 2013, many nationwide rural construction practice explorations have been carried out. Among them, local practices represented by beautiful village construction have achieved staged results. In this context, based on four batches of 160 village construction pilots published by Guangzhou from 2013 to 2016, the research attempts to explore spatial differentiation characteristics of the beautiful village in Guangzhou and its influencing factors using GIS spatial analysis methods such as the nearest neighbor index, multi-distance spatial clustering analysis based on Ripley’s function, kernel density analysis, and overlay analysis. Based on a geospatial perspective, this study attempts to provide a phased assessment of the current spatial distribution of beautiful village, to expand the spatial dimension of this kind of village and “village cluster” study. First, since 2013, the number of beautiful village in Guangzhou has increased year by year and the growth rate is on the rise. At the same time, their spatial distribution presents obvious concentrated characteristics. Nuclear density analysis shows that high-density areas of these villages are mainly distributed in the south and northwest of Guangzhou, including one hotspot main core area of Panyu-Nansha and two hotspots sub-core areas of Conghua and Huadu-Baiyun. The density distribution shows a multi-core imbalance. Second, the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of these villages include topography, hydrology, human population, history, transportation, location, policy, and planning. Among them, topography and hydrology constitute the basic motivation for rural development; deep historical and cultural resources are the spiritual driving force to support the continuous development of rural areas; transportation and location are a key positive factors affecting rural development; policy and planning factors have a decisive influence on the "beautiful village cluster" spatial pattern, which is manifested in government efforts to promote the concentration of village space through the formulation of selection criteria, post-construction evaluation and acceptance mechanisms, construction action plans, and "beautiful village cluster" planning. Guangzhou beautiful village planning and construction has achieved initial results and gradually formed “beautiful village clusters” based on the hotspot core areas. This kind of government-led village pilot construction has promoted village spatial concentration but has exacerbated uneven development among villages. Therefore, under the strategy of rural revitalization, we should strengthen the diversity and locality of the selection of village pilots, push forward the transformation of "village cluster" from spatial concentration to industrial agglomeration, pay attention to the pluralistic value of these villages, and explore new models of governance led by communities, to explore new directions for rural development.

Key words: beautiful village, spatial differentiation characteristics, village cluster, Guangzhou