休闲涉入与地方依恋对农民工留城意愿的影响——基于广州市的调研数据

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003340

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“认知－情感－行为意向”范式下，基于中国农民工流入地典型代表广州市的抽样调查数据，采用差异显著性检验和结构方程模型分析方法，探讨农民工留城意愿和地方依恋特征，并实证检验休闲涉入、地方依恋对农民工留城意愿影响的理论模型。结果表明：1）广州市农民工的留城意愿和地方依恋倾向较为强烈；2）不同个体特征的农民工群体在留城意愿和地方依恋上存在显著差异，人口学因素对农民工留城意愿和地方依恋作用突出。其中，学历高中或中专以上、月收入在2 001~4 000元、来穗工作年限超过1 a、来自中部和东部省份的广州农民工，其留城意愿最为强烈；3）休闲涉入对留城意愿的直接正向影响效应显著，地方依恋在其中存在显著的正向中介效果。且经过中介变量地方依恋的介入后，休闲涉入对留城意愿的直接效果显著弱化，间接效果相对显著增强。

关键词: 农民工, 留城意愿, 地方依恋, 休闲涉入, 广州市

Abstract:

Based on the policy orientation of the orderly promotion of the citizenization of an agricultural population in transition, the results of studies on migrant workers' willingness to stay in the city are abundant and meaningful. Most researchers have focused on the influencing factors of their willingness to stay in the city, including personal and family characteristics, economic factors, and social factors. Less attention has been paid to the influencing mechanism from a continuous and subjective psychological perspective. To fill this gap—under the paradigm of "cognition-emotion-behavior intention," drawing on the sample survey data of Guangzhou (representing a typical immigration city in China), based on place attachment theory, and using means statistics of the sample, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, and structural equation model analysis methods—this paper explored the characteristics of migrant workers' willingness to stay in the city and place attachment. We focused on the empirical test of the research model concerning the influence of migrant workers' leisure involvement and local attachment on their willingness to stay in the city. The major research conclusions were as follows: (1) migrant workers' willingness to stay in Guangzhou and the degree of their local attachment are relatively strong—the mean value of local dependence is the highest (3.810), which is higher than the willingness to stay in the city (3.711), local identity (3.674), and social connection (3.400); this indicates that migrant workers pay more attention to the functional attributes of Guangzhou in work and life; and (2) there are significant differences in the willingness to stay in the city and local attachment among migrant workers with different individual characteristics, including marital status, education level, monthly income, industry, working years in Guangzhou, and home province. Demographic factors play a prominent role in migrant workers' willingness to stay in the city and local attachment: migrant workers in Guangzhou who have a high school or secondary technical school degree or above, whose monthly income is between 2 001 and 4 000 yuan, and who have worked in Guangzhou for more than one year have the strongest willingness to stay in the city. The degree of local dependence, local identity, social connections, and willingness to stay in the city is significantly lower among migrant workers from western provinces than workers from the eastern and central provinces; and (3) leisure involvement has a significant and positive direct effect on the willingness to stay in the city, while place attachment has a significant and positive intermediary effect. After the intervention of the intermediary variable of place attachment, the direct effect of leisure involvement on the willingness to stay in the city is significantly weakened, and the indirect effect is relatively and significantly enhanced. The attraction, centrality to life, and self-expression of leisure involvement have significant positive effects on the place dependence, place identity, and social connection components of place attachment and each dimension above has significant positive effects on willingness to stay in the city. The study's conclusions can provide a reference for city and community-related management departments to understand the psychological needs of migrant workers, and improve the management system of migrant workers' orderly urbanization.

Key words: migrant workers, willingness to stay in the city, place attachment, leisure involvement, Guangzhou City

中图分类号:

C912.64

谭红娟, 李美云, 陈世雄. 休闲涉入与地方依恋对农民工留城意愿的影响——基于广州市的调研数据[J]. 热带地理, 2021, 41(3): 505-515.

Hongjuan Tan, Meiyun Li, Shixiong Chen. The Structural Relationship among Leisure Involvement, Place Attachment, and Migrant Workers' Willingness to Stay in the City: A Case Study of Guangzhou[J]. Tropical Geography, 2021, 41(3): 505-515.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

测量模型的分析结果

潜变量/维度/观测变量	均值	因子载荷	组合信度（CR）	平均方差析出量（AVE）
标准	—	＞0.5	＞0.7	＞0.5
休闲涉入	3.654	—	—	—
吸引性	3.814	—	0.858	0.603
我觉得我很喜欢这项休闲活动	3.885	0.746	—	—
这项休闲活动对我来说很重要	3.668	0.677	—	—
生活有压力时，参与这项休闲活动可使我放松	3.994	0.819	—	—
这项休闲活动是我感到最满意的活动之一	3.708	0.687	—	—
生活中心性	3.495	—	0.863	0.615
我发现我的生活与这项休闲活动息息相关	3.322	0.693	—	—
我大部分的朋友都与参与这项休闲活动有关	3.731	0.876	—	—
这项休闲活动是我生活的重要部分	3.336	0.687	—	—
我喜欢与朋友讨论这项休闲活动	3.593	0.741	—	—
自我表现	3.401	—	0.850	0.657
当我从事这项休闲活动时，我可以无拘无束地展现真实的自我	3.570	0.834	—	—
看到别人从事这一休闲活动时，我可以告诉他们许多关于这一休闲活动的东西	3.374	0.652	—	—
从事此项休闲活动的我，是我希望别人所看到的我	3.259	0.883	—	—
地方依恋	3.628	—	—	—
地方依赖	3.810	—	0.845	0.647
我喜欢广州的生活，包括气候、风土人情、饮食等	3.921	0.802	—	—
广州能满足我生活的需求	3.637	0.671	—	—
我发现我的生活与广州息息相关	3.874	0.795	—	—
地方认同	3.674	—	0.908	0.665
我非常认同广州这个城市	3.678	0.661	—	—
广州及其人民对我而言具有特别的意义	3.708	0.714	—	—
广州能给我亲密的感觉	3.902	0.818	—	—
在广州生活让我有家的感觉，我觉得我像是这里的一份子	3.555	0.625	—	—
我对广州有较强的归属感	3.531	0.763	—	—
社会联系	3.400	—	0.857	0.602
我希望亲朋好友来广州生活	3.441	0.755	—	—
我的许多亲朋好友都喜欢广州	3.449	0.608	—	—
如果我离开广州，我的亲朋好友会失望	3.404	0.739	—	—
在广州我有亲朋好友能常联系	3.306	0.774	—	—
留城意愿	3.711	—	0.848	0.651
我愿意住在广州	3.708	0.785	—	—
我愿意在广州工作	3.781	0.793	—	—
我愿意在广州生活	3.646	0.726	—	—

表2

表3

图2

表4

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人口统计变量	类别	样本数/个	比例/%
性别	男	239	49.9
性别	女	240	50.1
婚姻状况	已婚	247	51.6
	未婚	205	42.8
	离异/丧偶	27	5.6
年龄/岁	＜18	19	4
	19~24	134	28
	25~39	187	39
	40~54	99	20.7
	≥55	40	8.3
受教育程度	初中以下	98	20.5
	高中/中专	165	34.4
	大专	122	25.5
	本科以上	94	19.6
月收入/元	＜2 000	58	12.2
	2 001~4 000	163	34
	4 001~6 000	162	33.8
	＞6 000	96	20
从事行业	农林牧渔业	44	9.2
	建筑业	96	20
	加工制造业	82	17.1
	服务业	155	32.4
	交通运输业	36	7.5
	其他	66	13.8
来穗工作时间/a	0.5~1	66	13.8
	2~3	102	21.3
	4~5	172	35.9
	6~10	78	16.3
	＞10	61	12.7
家乡（省份）	东部	138	28.8
	中部	228	47.6
	西部	113	23.6

人口统计变量	类别	构面	One-way ANOVA		LSD事后检验
人口统计变量	类别	构面	F值	p值	LSD事后检验
婚姻状况	① 已婚；② 未婚；③ 离异/丧偶	地方依赖	5.356	0.005	①＞②③
		地方认同	1.643	0.194	—
		社会联系	2.063	0.128	—
		留城意愿	2.846	0.059	—
年龄/岁	① ＜18；②9~24；③ 25~39；④ 40~54；⑤ ＞55	地方依赖	2.177	0.071	—
		地方认同	0.604	0.660	—
		社会联系	2.352	0.053	—
		留城意愿	1.129	0.342	—
受教育程度	① 初中以下； ② 高中/中专； ③ 大专； ④ 本科以上	地方依赖	2.041	0.107	—
		地方认同	1.766	0.153	—
		社会联系	1.760	0.154	—
		留城意愿	3.535	0.015	②③④＞①
月收入/元	① ＜2 000 ②2 001~4 000 ③4 001~6 000 ④＞6 000	地方依赖	0.685	0.562	—
		地方认同	2.184	0.089	—
		社会联系	6.160	0.000	②＞③④
		留城意愿	5.658	0.001	②＞③④
从事行业	① 农林牧渔业；② 建筑业；③ 加工制造业；④ 服务业；⑤ 交通运输业；⑥ 其他	地方依赖	2.419	0.035	①＜②③④⑤⑥
		地方认同	1.700	0.133	—
		社会联系	6.997	0.000	①＜②③④⑤⑥
		留城意愿	5.891	0.000	①＜②③④⑤⑥
来穗工作时间/a	① 0.5~1；②2~3；③4~5；④6~10；⑤＞10	地方依赖	1.589	0.162	—
		地方认同	1.662	0.120	—
		社会联系	3.140	0.008	①＜②③④⑤
		留城意愿	5.793	0.000	①＜②③④⑤
家乡（省份）	① 东部； ② 中部； ③ 西部	地方依赖	4.332	0.014	③＜①②
		地方认同	4.501	0.012	③＜①②
		社会联系	7.728	0.000	③＜①②
		留城意愿	7.085	0.001	③＜①②

潜在自变量/维度	潜在因变量/维度	标准化路径系数β	t值
吸引性	地方依赖	0.124^***	5.111
	地方认同	0.203^***	5.794
	社会联系	0.145^***	5.503
	留城意愿	0.168^***	5.372
生活中心性	地方依赖	0.174^***	5.446
	地方认同	0.317^***	6.412
	社会联系	0.173^***	4.567
	留城意愿	0.352^***	7.170
自我表现	地方依赖	0.093^***	4.293
	地方认同	0.197^***	5.224
	社会联系	0.135^***	4.782
	留城意愿	0.224^***	5.690
地方依赖	留城意愿	0.197^***	5.439
地方认同	留城意愿	0.275^***	6.223
社会联系	留城意愿	0.155^***	4.466

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