热带地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 857-869.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003364
• 行为地理 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2020-12-23
修回日期:
2021-04-20
出版日期:
2021-08-16
发布日期:
2021-08-16
通讯作者:
刘立欣
E-mail:liyazhi01@126.com;bei1900bei@126.com
作者简介:
李亚枝(1994-),女,云南人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共空间,(E-mail)liyazhi01@126.com;
基金资助:
Received:
2020-12-23
Revised:
2021-04-20
Online:
2021-08-16
Published:
2021-08-16
摘要:
为阐述微观社会情境下移民社会融入的影响因素,以广州非洲人群体中出现的“昼伏夜出”现象为研究对象,在2019年2—4月对广州登峰村开展问卷调查和深度访谈,以获取居民日常行为数据,探讨该现象的成因及其背后的机制。结果表明:在穗非洲人的作息行为存在“时差”,具体表现为群体性的“昼伏夜出”——起床和休息时间点的整体性后移。相关性研究分析表明,这种通过时间交互实现的“昼伏夜出”,与该群体的社交状况、场所互动状况和“对穗态度”密切相关,实质是其采取“浅层融入,深度区隔”社会适应策略的具体手段,也是迁入地对此发出响应的互动结果。通过时间维度上对社区空间的“错峰”使用,非裔有选择地放弃占据、使用和改造社区的部分需求,实现主动区隔;对此,同一空间下的其他群体根据与非裔的互动需求,对自身行为模式作出调整,以此实现登峰村内不同人群间的双向适应。
中图分类号:
李亚枝, 刘立欣. 昼伏夜出——广州非洲人的社会适应策略[J]. 热带地理, 2021, 41(4): 857-869.
表1
在穗非裔"区隔度"测量语句"
测量维度 | 语句序号 | 语句 |
---|---|---|
认知维度 | A1(负) | 和中国人作息一致,有利于社交和生意 |
A2(负) | 特殊的作息习惯会给生活带来不便 | |
A3(负) | 特殊的作息习惯会给其他人带来干扰 | |
A4(正) | 调整时差是一件很困难的事 | |
A5(正) | 融入当地生活对我来说很困难 | |
情感维度 | B1(正) | 我时常感觉自己是个外来者 |
B2(负) | 如果可以,我想继续留在中国生活 | |
B3(负) | 我常提醒自己表现得像个中国人 | |
B4(正) | 总的来说,昼伏夜出让我感到舒适 | |
B5(负) | 我想融入当地中国人群 | |
行为维度 | C1(正) | 相比中国人,我通常睡得很晚,又起得很晚 |
C2(负) | 到中国之后,我刻意调整了自己的作息习惯 | |
C3(正) | 我的作息时间完全由我自己决定 | |
C4(正) | 我的作息习惯和同行而来的伙伴一致 | |
C5(正) | 我与同籍伙伴接触和交往更多 |
表2
在穗非洲人社会调查统计
自变量 | 频数/人 | 频率/% | |
---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男性 | 47 | 75.8 |
女性 | 15 | 24.2 | |
年龄/岁 | 20~30 | 10 | 16.1 |
30~40 | 31 | 50.0 | |
40~50 | 16 | 25.9 | |
>50 | 5 | 8.0 | |
受教育程度 | 文盲 | 5 | 8.0 |
中学毕业 | 33 | 53.2 | |
高中毕业 | 17 | 27.4 | |
大学毕业 | 7 | 11.3 | |
职业 | 私人商贩 | 44 | 71.0 |
公司雇员 | 9 | 14.5 | |
待业 | 9 | 14.5 | |
来华目的 | 学习 | 6 | 9.7 |
文化交流 | 0 | 0 | |
做生意 | 54 | 87.1 | |
旅游 | 2 | 3.2 | |
来华伙伴 | 独自 | 10 | 16.1 |
家人 | 15 | 24.2 | |
朋友 | 32 | 51.6 | |
同事 | 5 | 8.1 | |
累计在华时长/月 | <1 | 13 | 21.0 |
1~3 | 25 | 40.3 | |
4~6 | 17 | 27.4 | |
>6 | 7 | 11.3 | |
中国朋友数量/人 | 0 | 11 | 17.8 |
1~2 | 33 | 53.2 | |
3~5 | 9 | 14.5 | |
6~10 | 7 | 11.3 | |
>10 | 2 | 3.2 | |
与中国人接触频率/月 | 0 | 2 | 3.2 |
2~5 | 1 | 1.6 | |
5~10 | 5 | 8.1 | |
10~20 | 25 | 40.3 | |
>20 | 29 | 46.8 | |
主要接触原因 | 无接触 | 1 | 3.2 |
人际交往 | 4 | 6.5 | |
做生意 | 48 | 75.8 | |
学习 | 4 | 6.5 | |
宗教活动 | 5 | 8.0 | |
在遇难向谁求助 | 亲人 | 14 | 22.6 |
同籍朋友 | 28 | 45.2 | |
外籍非洲朋友 | 11 | 17.7 | |
中国朋友 | 3 | 4.8 | |
中国政府 | 6 | 9.7 | |
是否定居于中国 | 愿意且可实现 | 3 | 4.8 |
愿意但不可实现 | 23 | 37.1 | |
可实现但不愿意 | 6 | 9.7 | |
不愿意也不可实现 | 30 | 48.4 |
表3
在穗非裔“区隔度”统计描述
测量 维度 | 子维度描述 | 均值 | 归一化均值 | 标准偏差 |
---|---|---|---|---|
总均值 | 3.54 | — | 0.989 | |
认知 维度 | PA1(负)和中国人作息一致,有利于社交和生意 | 2.85 | 3.15 | 0.973 |
PA2(负)特殊的作息习惯会给生活带来不便 | 3.24 | 2.76 | 1.019 | |
PA5(正)融入当地生活对我来说很困难 | 3.87 | 3.87 | 0.778 | |
均值 | 3.32 | — | 0.923 | |
情感 维度 | PB1(正)我时常感觉自己是个外来者 | 3.89 | 3.89 | 1.057 |
PB2(负)如果可以,我想留在中国生活 | 3.71 | 2.29 | 1.360 | |
PB3(负)我时常提醒自己表现得像个中国人 | 3.18 | 2.82 | 0.984 | |
PB4(正)总的来说,昼伏夜出让我感到舒适 | 3.29 | 3.29 | 0.982 | |
PB5(负)我想融入当地中国人群 | 3.02 | 2.98 | 1.094 | |
均值 | 3.42 | — | 1.095 | |
行为 维度 | PC1(正)相比中国人,我通常睡得很晚,又起得很晚 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 0.975 |
PC2(负)到中国之后,我刻意调整了自己的作息习惯 | 3.55 | 2.45 | 0.935 | |
PC4(正)我的作息习惯和同行而来的伙伴一致 | 3.60 | 3.60 | 0.896 | |
PC5(正)我与同籍伙伴接触和交往更多 | 4.26 | 4.26 | 0.808 | |
均值 | 3.85 | — | 0.904 |
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