热带地理

热带地理 ›› 2015, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 873-882.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002784

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

广西百色2013-03-12―14冰雹天气过程分析

张瑞波1，何 飞1，莫 蕤2   

  1. （1．广西壮族自治区人工影响天气办公室，南宁 530022；2．广西百色市气象局，广西 百色 533000）
  • 出版日期:2015-11-05 发布日期:2015-11-05
  • 作者简介:张瑞波（1966―），男，广西平果县人，高级工程师，主要从事人工影响天气技术工作，（E-mail）zrb1960@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目（桂科攻1298005-4）

Weather Process of the Hailstorm on March, 12-14，2013 in Baise，Guangxi

ZHANG Ruibo1，HE Fei1，MO Rui2   

  1. （1．Guangxi Weather Modification Office，Nanning 530022，China；2．Baise Meteorological Bureau of Guangxi，Baise 533000，China）
  • Online:2015-11-05 Published:2015-11-05

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摘要：

利用常规气象资料和新一代天气雷达资料，对广西百色市2013-03-12―14的一次典型持续性冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明：1）有利于百色市冰雹天气发生的环流特征是：受西南暖低压控制，地面持续升温；百色地区低空存在西南风急流，积聚足够的不稳定能量；中高层有切变线和南支槽扰动，促发不稳定能量的释放。2）百色市冰雹天气发生的物理量场特征是：沙氏指数（SI）＜-2℃；对流有效位能（CAPE）＞500 J/Kg；中高层存在位势不稳定的现象，且Δθse850-500＞10℃；有“上干下湿”的水汽条件；环境垂直速度达到（-30～-10）×10-3 hPa/s；0~6 km的垂直风切变＞20 m/s，是有利于冰雹天气发生的环境条件。3）有利于冰雹天气发生的雷达回波特征是：在PPI上有超过60 dBz的强回波中心，在强中心附近常常有“三体散射”、钩状回波；RHI显示上，回波顶高一般要超过-20℃区，并且出现有界弱回波区和“穹窿”回波。回波单体的一些属性也有助于对冰雹天气的判断，如当冰雹天气来临时，垂直累积液态水含量出现跃增。4）在冰雹天气的预报和识别上，应该在传统的中尺度天气分析基础上，结合新一代天气雷达监测手段，才能较好地提高服务水平。

关键词: 冰雹, 常规气象资料, 新一代雷达, 百色

Abstract:

By using the regular meteorological data and the CINRAD data, an analysis on a classical and persistent hailstorm process was made, which happened in Baise region from 12-14, March, 2013. The result shows that: 1) Circulation that was in favor of the hailstorm occurring in Baise region was as follows: the surface temperature soared as the southwest warm low controlled the region; the southwest jet stream existed at low level over the Baise region, accumulating enough unstable energy. Turbulent of the shear line and the south-branch trough at middle high triggered the releasing of unstable energy. 2) The characteristics of the physical field that lead to happening of hail weather were as follows: the Showalter Index (SI) ＜-2℃; CAPE＞500 J/Kg; unstable potential existed in middle high, as well as Δθse 850-500＞10℃; moisture condition was “dry at high level and wet at low level”; vertical velocity in the circumstance reached (-30~-10)×10-3 hPa/s；wind shear between 0~6 km was bigger than 20 m/s; 3) Characteristics of echo for the hailstorm were: in the PPI display, reflectivity of the core was bigger than 60 dBz, with the TBSS and hook shape echo nearby the core; in the RHI display, echo top exceeded the level of -20℃, with the occurrence of WER or vault. Some properties of the echo would also help to estimate the hailstorm weather, such as: the VIL soared rapidly when the hailstorm was coming. 4）For the hailstorm prediction and identification, the nowcast technics of CINRAD should be applied, based on the traditional mid-scale synoptic analysis, as to improve the service level.

Key words: hailstorm, regular meteorological data, CINRAD, Baise