Tropical Geography ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 684-693.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003243
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Kaifu Min1(), Liang Cheng1,2,3,4(
), Xiao Zhou1, Nan Xia1, Ning Li1, Manchun Li1,2,3,4
Received:
2020-02-15
Revised:
2020-04-03
Online:
2020-07-31
Published:
2020-08-11
Contact:
Liang Cheng
E-mail:mg1827066@smail.nju.edu.cn;lcheng@nju.edu.cn
CLC Number:
Kaifu Min, Liang Cheng, Xiao Zhou, Nan Xia, Ning Li, Manchun Li. Strategic and Spatial Pattern Assessments of Spratly Islands Occupied by Foreign Countries[J].Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(4): 684-693.
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Table 1
Detailed description of index factor for strategic value evaluation of islands and reefs"
准则层 | 要素层 | 指标层 | 类型 | 指标描述 |
---|---|---|---|---|
辐 射 能 力 | 军事 辐射力 | 机场建设级别 | 正向 | 遥感影像目视解译机场跑道长度作为指标数值 |
港口建设级别 | 正向 | 遥感影像目视解译港口面积大小作为指标数值 | ||
民事 辐射力 | 海上搜救可达时间/h | 逆向 | 以岛礁为搜救点,考虑风、浪等,设定统一航行速度,计算南海海域的搜救可达时间(Zhou, 2019) | |
覆盖事故高发区范围/km2 | 正向 | 以岛礁为搜救点,考虑风、浪等,设定统一航行速度,计算12 h内搜救可达区域覆盖事故高发区范围 | ||
航道 辐射力 | 距重要航道距离/km | 逆向 | 基于AIS数据提取航道,计算各岛礁到重要航道距离 | |
距一般航道距离/km | 逆向 | 基于AIS数据提取航道,计算各岛礁到一般航道距离 | ||
距周边海峡距离/km | 逆向 | 各岛礁到周边海峡的平均距离 | ||
油气 辐射力 | 石油辐射力 | 正向 | 若岛礁在油气盆地内,则以盆地石油储量作为指标值;若不在,则以距岛礁最近的盆地石油储量除以距离作为指标值 | |
天然气辐射力 | 正向 | 同石油辐射力 | ||
承 载 能 力 | 资源 承载力 | 建设面积/km2 | 正向 | 遥感影像目视解译岛礁人造地表的面积作为指标值 |
建筑占地面积/km2 | 正向 | 遥感影像目视解译岛礁建筑的占地面积作为指标值 | ||
礁坪面积/km2 | 正向 | 岛礁礁坪是高潮时淹没,低潮时大部分露出水面的礁体部分(赵焕庭 等,1996;王新志 等,2017),将其面积作为此指标数值 | ||
有无淡水 | 正向 | 岛礁上有无淡水资源,分别赋值1、0 | ||
环境 承载力 | 植被覆盖率 | 正向 | 影像目视解译植被覆盖面积,其岛礁礁坪出露面积比值 | |
潟湖面积/km2 | 正向 | 礁坪环绕的潟湖所占区域(赵焕庭 等,1996)面积为此因子数值 | ||
能源 供给力 | 风能潜力/(W·m-2) | 正向 | 根据风场、海平面温度数据及风功率密度计算模型(Cavazzi et al., 2016; Rusu, 2019),得到0.125°格网的风能潜力数据,通过叠置分析得到岛礁的潜力值 | |
波浪能潜力/(kW·m-1) | 正向 | 根据波浪数据及波浪能计算模型(Mirzaei et al., 2015; Yaakob et al., 2016; Bento et al., 2018),得到0.125°格网的波能潜力数据,通过叠置分析得到岛礁的潜力值 | ||
太阳能潜力/kWh | 正向 | 根据高分影像和阴影生成建筑LOD1级三维模型,并用太阳能潜力计算模型(Fu et al, 2002)计算岛礁太阳能潜力 | ||
建 岛 潜 力 | 礁盘 平面 特征 | 礁盘面积/km2 | 正向 | 影像上与周围海水具有明显反差的礁体部分面积 |
礁盘长度/km | 正向 | 礁盘最长轴的长度,反映机场跑道建设潜力 | ||
发育指数 | 正向 | 岛礁发育指数=礁坪面积/礁盘面积(刘宝银 等,2000) | ||
水下 地形 特征 | 水深/m | 逆向 | 基于岛礁水下地形反演数据,计算岛礁平均水深 | |
坡度 | 逆向 | 基于岛礁水下地形反演数据,计算水下地形坡度平均值 | ||
粗糙度 | 逆向 | 粗糙度定量描述了地形的起伏程度(Smith, 2014)。按岛礁水下地形数据,计算岛礁水下地形粗糙度,取其平均值 | ||
切割深度/m | 逆向 | 切割深度指某点邻域的平均与最小高程的差值,反映地形侵蚀程度(赵斯琦 等,2018)。按岛礁水下地形数据,计算岛礁水下地形切割深度,取其平均值 | ||
建岛填方量/km3 | 逆向 | 基于岛礁水下地形数据,及模拟的填岛标高,利用ArcGIS的Cut Fill功能计算建岛填方量 |
Table 2
The evaluation results of Spratly Islands strategic value"
排名 | 名称 | 侵占国 | 分值 | 排名 | 名称 | 侵占国 | 分值 | 排名 | 名称 | 侵占国 | 分值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 弹丸礁 | 马来西亚 | 100 | 16 | 南海礁 | 马来西亚 | 56.04 | 31 | 西月岛 | 菲律宾 | 42.98 |
2 | 南威岛 | 越南 | 98.42 | 17 | 六门礁 | 越南 | 55.98 | 32 | 南通礁 | 文莱 | 42.04 |
3 | 中业岛 | 菲律宾 | 97.09 | 18 | 日积礁 | 越南 | 55.98 | 33 | 琼礁 | 越南 | 41.50 |
4 | 西礁 | 越南 | 82.98 | 19 | 敦谦沙洲 | 越南 | 54.67 | 34 | 舶兰礁 | 越南 | 39.39 |
5 | 南子岛 | 越南 | 82.84 | 20 | 染青沙洲 | 越南 | 54.49 | 35 | 马欢岛 | 菲律宾 | 39.10 |
6 | 景宏岛 | 越南 | 72.51 | 21 | 无乜礁 | 越南 | 54.02 | 36 | 万安滩 | 越南 | 34.02 |
7 | 簸箕礁 | 马来西亚 | 67.06 | 22 | 榆亚暗沙 | 马来西亚 | 52.87 | 37 | 广雅滩 | 越南 | 33.77 |
8 | 鸿庥岛 | 越南 | 66.28 | 23 | 安波沙洲 | 越南 | 52.27 | 38 | 费信岛 | 菲律宾 | 32.10 |
9 | 东礁 | 越南 | 65.59 | 24 | 南钥岛 | 菲律宾 | 51.39 | 39 | 西卫滩 | 越南 | 31.71 |
10 | 中礁 | 越南 | 63.99 | 25 | 司令礁 | 菲律宾 | 50.57 | 40 | 李准滩 | 越南 | 31.11 |
11 | 毕生礁 | 越南 | 63.45 | 26 | 光星礁 | 马来西亚 | 49.54 | 41 | 金盾暗沙 | 越南 | 29.06 |
12 | 大现礁 | 越南 | 63.15 | 27 | 光星仔礁 | 马来西亚 | 47.44 | 42 | 人骏滩 | 越南 | 28.80 |
13 | 南华礁 | 越南 | 61.80 | 28 | 奈罗礁 | 越南 | 47.41 | 43 | 奥南暗沙 | 越南 | 28.17 |
14 | 柏礁 | 越南 | 59.38 | 29 | 双黄沙洲 | 菲律宾 | 46.58 | 44 | 蓬勃堡 | 越南 | 23.17 |
15 | 北子岛 | 菲律宾 | 56.53 | 30 | 鬼喊礁 | 越南 | 45.22 |
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