Accurately identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban residents' travel carbon emissions is an important scientific issue in transportation geography and planning, and is also a prerequisite for formulating reasonable low-carbon transportation policies. Existing studies mostly use top-down methods for calculation, however, the lack of internal urban statistical data, difficulty in depicting the dynamic evolution and spatial distribution patterns of carbon emissions, and other factors, have restricted the further development of related research. Furthermore, problems such as small sample size, low accuracy, and the need to verify the effectiveness of bottom-up calculation methods have always been difficult to solve. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for measuring residents' travel carbon emissions using mobile phone signaling data to: 1) Overcome the reliance on traditional statistical data, innovatively integrating travel survey logs with mobile phone signaling data, and effectively verifying the trajectory information. 2) Extract factors influencing the travel mode choice, such as residents' social attributes, travel characteristics, public transportation service levels, and travel preferences, and uses the random forest algorithm to specifically identify five travel modes, balancing precision and accuracy. 3) Comprehensively consider factors such as travel mode, distance, speed, vehicle energy consumption type, and passenger load rate to accurately reflect carbon emissions from individual residents' single trips. 4) Aggregate by time, space, and population characteristics to multidimensionally reflect the carbon emission patterns of residents' travel. Taking Shenzhen as an example, based on the travel data of over 30 million residents, a technical application was conducted. The accuracy rate of individual travel mode identification was 77%. The aggregated carbon emission calculation results effectively revealed the highly concentrated distribution pattern of "two belts, three zones, and multiple points" and the functional spillover effect of the Shenzhen metropolitan area at the spatiotemporal level found that there were structural differentiations in traffic carbon emissions between working and non-working days, and between commuting peaks and general periods in different urban areas; at the population attribute level, the significant influence of age, gender, and other characteristics on residents' travel distances, travel modes, and travel carbon emissions were further confirmed. This framework is conducive to clearly and comprehensively revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban residents' travel carbon emissions, providing new technology for high-precision monitoring of urban transportation carbon emissions and a basis for the formulation of urban transportation pollution reduction and emission reduction policies.

Rapid urbanization in China has significantly exacerbated light pollution, disrupted the ecological balance, and imposed constraints on both astronomical observations and public access to stargazing. Therefore, addressing light pollution has become a critical issue in ecological conservation and sustainable development. Shenzhen's Xichong Community achieved a landmark milestone in 2023 by becoming China's first International Dark Sky Community certified by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). This designation makes light pollution control practices of Xichong significant for similar regions. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of light pollution control measures in the Xichong Community, providing a scientific basis for balancing conservation and development in comparable areas. This study innovatively utilized high-resolution nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing data acquired using the Sustainable Development Goals Satellite-1 (SDGSAT-1), integrated with NASA's Black Marble products, to establish a refined monitoring and assessment framework for light pollution. To address the challenge of radiometric inconsistencies inherent to multitemporal SDGSAT-1 NTL imaging, this study proposed a novel radiometric consistency correction method based on Random Forest Regression (RFR). During the preprocessing phase, the images were subjected to salt-and-pepper noise removal and absolute radiometric calibration. Subsequently, the RFR model was applied to achieve a radiometric consistency correction. A comparative analysis with traditional linear brightness normalization confirmed the superior accuracy and effectiveness of RFR approach in enhancing image comparability. By leveraging corrected, high-quality, time-series NTL imagery, this study quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of light pollution control measures implemented in the Xichong Community over a three-year period. The key findings were as follows. (1) Significant reduction in light pollution: the Xichong Community exhibited a markedly greater decline in overall light pollution intensity compared to other areas within the Dapeng New District. Pixel-level analysis verified the widespread nature of this decreasing trend, with the brightness values showing a pervasive reduction. (2) Effective control across functional zones: the core stargazing beach area witnessed a substantial brightness reduction (57%) in September 2024 compared with that seen in September 2022. Road-lighting intensity also decreased significantly (56%-70%). Among the residential zones, Xinwu and Xiyangwei villages achieved reductions exceeding 69%, whereas brightness in Nanshe village decreased by 55.7%. Getian and Xigong villages experienced steady declines, while Hesou, Yashan, and Shagang Villages saw fluctuating but overall decreasing trends. (3) Effective management of light pollution sources: although accommodation facilities remain the primary contributors to light pollution, their brightness coefficients decreased significantly (46.11%). Points of Interest (POIs) related to tourism saw reductions exceeding 45% in brightness, with overall POI brightness coefficients declining by 27.68%-74.45%. These results demonstrate that the stringent lighting management policies implemented by the Xichong Community effectively mitigated the adverse impacts of tourism development on the dark sky environment. This study not only successfully applied high-resolution NTL data from SDGSAT-1, but also developed an RFR-based radiometric consistency correction technique, significantly improving the comparability of multi-temporal NTL data. The established methodological framework enables fine-scale monitoring of nighttime lighting at the community level, specifically for areas pursuing "dark-sky conservation + ecotourism" models. Furthermore, this study provides a foundation for establishing a dynamic monitoring and quantitative assessment system for light pollution within existing dark-sky reserves. These advancements offer critical scientific foundations and technical support for balancing the imperative of dark-sky conservation with sustainable tourism development goals.

City serves as a medium for communication and, in turn, reshapes the city. Since the 21^st century, social media has rapidly spread worldwide, providing users with a platform for self-presentation and channels for expression. This has greatly changed people's lives and exerted a substantial influence on the reconstruction and gentrification of urban social spaces. However, few studies have focused on the underlying mechanisms. To gain a deeper understanding of the role of social media in commercial gentrification, Nantai Alley, a renowned Internet-famous block in Nanjing, was selected as a case study, and Xiaohongshu (Red note), whose main active user group is young women, was chosen to represent social media. This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the occurrence process, formation mechanism, and comprehensive effects of commercial gentrification under social media intervention. The research found that social media is deeply involved in the commercial gentrification process and continuously promotes the gentrification process through media information dissemination. Social media involvement in commercial gentrification is mainly achieved through two types of entities: merchants and consumers. On the one hand, social media provides merchants with replicable Internet celebrity aesthetics and business models and serves as a platform for self-marketing, increasing the probability of occurrence and promoting a more simplified and rapidly evolving trend of gentrification. On the other hand, consumers, engage in trendy check-ins and act as "discourse investors," accelerating commercial gentrification. Social media's representation of urban space amplifies and reinforces commercial gentrification; the progression and outcomes of gentrification are magnified on social media, occupying its central discursive spaces, whereas the daily lives and consumption practices of local residents are marginalized and rendered invisible in these digital representations. Furthermore, the profit-driven behaviors of certain local residents have laid the groundwork for gentrification, and the government has further consolidated the achievements of gentrification through urban renewal plans. The comprehensive effects triggered by commercial gentrification present significant dual characteristics: it exerts positive effects, such as commercial revitalization and beautification of the built environment, while also generating negative impacts, such as commercial exclusion, displacement, and cultural distinction from the neighborhood. Therefore, in future urban renewal processes, it is imperative for the government to intervene in a timely manner to preserve the community's original public value orientation and sense of place. This study enriches research on gentrification in the digital age by incorporating the factor of social media, and provides references for the renewal and management of urban space in the context of stock development.

With the rapid growth of the digital economy, integrating the cultural and tourism industries has become a key driver of regional economic development and industrial upgrading. As a vital component of the cultural and digital sectors, the gaming industry facilitates integration through digital innovation and creative design. While existing research on cultural-tourism integration is extensive, little attention has been paid to how virtual cultural symbols transform and drive this process in the digital era. Recent advancements in gaming have blurred the boundaries between virtual and real experiences through virtual scene construction, cultural symbol reproduction, immersive interactions, and social media dissemination, accelerating the transformation of cultural resources into tourism assets. Understanding how the gaming industry promotes cultural-tourism integration enhances existing research frameworks, deepens insights into the dissemination and reproduction of cultural symbols in the digital economy, and offers new regional cultural tourism development strategies. Using Black Myth: Wukong as a case study, this research applies the field conversion theory to examine the flow and transformation of cultural symbols between virtual and real-world tourism contexts. It explores two key questions: (1) How does the gaming industry reconstruct traditional cultural symbols through digitalization and integrate them into real-world tourism using field conversion mechanisms? and (2) How does the participation and feedback of different groups influence the effectiveness of this integration, shaping the gaming industry's role in regional cultural tourism development? The findings indicate that digital technologies not only overcome spatial constraints on cultural resources but also enhance interactivity and dissemination, promoting the transformation of symbolic capital into cultural, social, and economic capital. However, engagement levels varied across groups. Players deeply immersed in virtual cultural symbols strengthened the connection between gaming and real-world tourism through social media, offline activities, and digital communities. In contrast, non-players rely on traditional tourism information sources and respond passively and indirectly to game-driven cultural symbols. This study identifies capital accumulation, habit migration, and stakeholder collaboration as the core mechanisms facilitating cultural-tourism integration. While gaming fosters cultural identity, tourism consumption, and economic diversification, it also presents challenges, such as infrastructure strain and tourism industry homogenization due to sudden visitor influxes. This research expands the scope of the theory's application by integrating the field conversion theory into the study of gaming and cultural-tourism integration. It examines how cultural symbols gain value through cross-field transformations. Furthermore, it highlights how digital games that leverage virtual reality, short videos, and social media facilitate cultural symbols' cross-regional flow and reproduction. Moving beyond static cultural transmission models, this study reveals the dynamic evolution of virtual culture and offers fresh perspectives on the development of the cultural industry in the digital economy.

As the pace of life accelerates and the demand for tourism quality increases, slow tourism, which emphasizes experiences, relaxation, and sustainability, has emerged. However, slow-tourism behaviors and perceptions differ widely across different urban contexts. We applied the basic framework of landscape perception theory to popular Citywalk routes in Chengdu, Wuhan, and Shanghai, which were obtained from the Xiaohongshu platform. By integrating spatial, multimodal data, and content analyses, as well as other methods, we explored the spatial behavioral patterns, perceptual differences, and the associated mechanisms of tourists during Citywalk activities in different urban contexts. The findings indicate that Citywalk activities mainly occurred within the second rings of cities, representing small-scale urban exploration that emphasizes experiential feelings over conventional mobile tourism. Tourists preferred culturally and artistically vibrant urban destinations. Citywalks are generally free, thereby embodying a subcultural phenomenon that contrasts with the stressful rhythm of life emitomized by "involution" and "996" work culture. Notable differences in cognitive imagery, emotional imagery, and cultural perception were present among the tourists in different cities, which shaped unique urban Citywalk tourism experiences. Based on different models and perceptual differences, Chengdu's Citywalk was defined as "a slow city tour centered around creative cultural districts that blends creative spaces and gourmet exploration," whereas those in Wuhan and Shanghai were defined as "a slow city tour centered around historical architecture, that blends cultural spaces and natural scenery" and "a slow city tour centered around urban landscapes that blends humanities, arts, and modern fashion," respectively. Differing geographical locations, planning concepts, development orientations, and historical backgrounds affected the Citywalk tourism experiences by influencing aspects such as the natural environment, spatial layout, developmental direction, and cultural characteristics of each city, which created different place perceptions. Geographical location affects the natural environment, tourism facilities, and cultural atmosphere of a city, whereas planning concepts influence urban spatial layouts, functional zoning, and the mode of tourism resource development, which affect the form and experiences in slow tourism. Development orientation determines the development direction of a city, thereby crafting unique attractions. Differing historical backgrounds create distinct urban cultural features, lifestyles, and tourism resources, which affect the direction of slow-tourism development. The findings of this study present the differences in Citywalk behaviors and perceptions in various urban contexts, filling a gap in comparative studies of cities within slow-tourism scenes. The findings also provide a new theoretical perspective for understanding the interactions between tourism behavior and urban spaces and offers reference experiences for other cities to develop slow tourism, enhance urban cultural tourism competitiveness, and promote sustainable urban tourism development.

The homestay industry, an essential component of rural tourism, plays a crucial role in promoting the rural industries and realizing rural revitalization strategies. Female homestay owners, as important participants in this industry, have driven the development of rural tourism and the homestay sector and benefited from it. Therefore, further research is necessary to explore how female homestay owners leverage their feminine traits to become rural tourism elites, thus becoming a significant force in developing and revitalizing rural homestays. This study considerd 30 female homestay owners in Guangdong Province as research subjects, combines the four core principles of life course theory, and employs interviews and thematic analysis to explore the bidirectional interaction mechanism between the growth of female homestay owners and the development of rural homestays. This study divides the driving forces of female homestay owner growth into personal agency, accumulation of past resources, socio-historical conditions, and social relationship networks, thereby analyzing the growth path of female homestay owners. The results indicate that female homestay owners are key in promoting rural tourism development. Under certain socio-historical conditions, they actively exercise personal agency; integrate accumulated resources with family, social, and governmental relationship networks; obtain elite status; respond to rural development needs at different stages; and contribute to developing rural tourism and the homestay industry while achieving personal growth. In the exploration phase, they rely on developing rural tourism, seizing opportunities using social relationship networks, promoting the number of homestays, improving rural living environments, and responding actively to rural homestay development needs. In the foundation-building phase, they use accumulated resources and business experience to weave social relationship networks, drive outstanding homestay practitioners, and meet the need for standardization and branding in rural homestays. In the formation phase, they return to rural tourism, shape social images, pursue social recognition, address homestay clustering and branding issues, and promote exemplary development in the rural homestay industry. The feminine traits of female homestay owners play a vital role in this process; they use traits such as affinity, delicacy, and sensitivity to enhance homestays' competitiveness and customer satisfaction, create a warm accommodation environment, and keenly capture market changes. The traditional role of women in family structures influences homestay owners' career choices. They achieved economic independence through homestay businesses, enhanced their say in the family, and supported their families. In terms of care ethics, they focus on women's development, improving the employment situation of rural women, offering training and support, promoting economic independence and self-development of rural women, and contributing to rural revitalization. This study, from the perspective of integrating micro-individuals with macro-society, provides a reference for clarifying the formation and evolution mechanism of the positive interaction between local elites and local development, offers a new perspective for understanding the role of female homestay owners in rural revitalization, and provides a rich set of empirical data and a theoretical framework for future research.

China's urban development is currently in the new stage of upgrading existing resources. In response to the insufficient innovation vitality of existing spaces in current urban renewal practices, major cities have successively implemented the "City Silicon Alley" project, attempting to explore new paths for the innovative development of existing spaces in old urban areas. This study used the Nanjing Jinchuan Silicon Alley as a typical case, combined with the Actor-network theory, through qualitative methods, such as on-site observation and in-depth interviews. The study analyzed the spatial evolution process of the Jinchuan Silicon Alley and conducted a dialectical assessment of its spatial effectiveness, summarizing the multidimensional promoting effects of urban renewal on material and social spaces, thereby providing experience references for the in-depth construction of urban silicon alleys. The research concludes the following: (1) The Jinchuan Silicon Alley realizes spatial innovation through the combined force of market capital and policy systems. As a key actor, the Silicon Alley operator takes on capital power and completes the identity transformation. Through various means, such as creating cultural landscapes and developing industrial chains, it promotes the reconfiguration of the action network and shapes a material space with a prominent innovative vitality atmosphere, significant scientific and technological clusters, and diverse social group integration. (2) The development mechanism of the Jinchuan Silicon Alley is based on the leading role of superior innovation policies, actively exploring potential key actors and practical places and requiring the government and operator to coordinate the diverse needs of internal action subjects, leveraging the feedback effect of human and non-human action subjects on the action network, while adopting community-based operation governance ideas to ensure the completion and long-term stable development of the Jinchuan Silicon Alley. (3) The success of the Jinchuan Silicon Alley relies on government guidance, emphasizing the use of market mechanisms to promote urban renewal. Through the "up and down linkage" role of the operator in innovation policies, capital markets, and community residents, it builds an operation model of "industry recruitment + diversified sharing," achieving old city industrial renewal and coexistence of diverse populations, and weakening the spatial isolation induced by gentrification. This study supplements the empirical research on the transformation of existing spaces into innovative spaces from a micro perspective, proving that as a type of alternative path for urban renewal, the internal operation logic of "City Silicon Alley" must possess the traditional renewal "government-market-society" operation mechanism, rely on the overall planning of the market operator, and actively consider the spatial rights of disadvantaged groups, such as community residents. Future research should focus on internal population differences and the social promotion paths of innovative space renovation, promoting the high-quality development of urban silicon alleys.

During the current critical stage in China's urbanization transition from rapid expansion to high-quality development, stock planning and renewal strategies have become important topics that drive urban sustainability. Urban villages, as remnants of rapid urbanization, pose major challenges to urban governance owing to their complex spatial forms, socioeconomic structures, and disconnection from the mainstream urban system. The government has implemented multidimensional measures such as policy guidance, environmental remediation, and industrial upgrading, which have achieved certain results in addressing urban villages. However, issues such as a lack of development momentum, insufficient self-renewal capabilities, and low integration with the city remain. The successful transformation of Gaopu Village in Xiamen City is a valuable example of an autonomous development path for urban villages. We focused on the transformation practices used in Gaopu Village to determine the underlying reasons behind the village transformation. An analytical model was constructed that comprehensively considered dynamic policy, market, and culture mechanisms, as well as exploring their impacts on the development of Gaopu Village and the changes in interactive relationships among the three factors. The benign development of Gaopu Village was found to have benefited from synergy between policy, market mechanisms, and local culture. Government policies, as external driving forces, provide directional guidance and resource support to Gaopu Village, injecting new vitality. Market mechanisms, particularly the establishment of the Xinglin Industrial Zone, increased tourism while industrial upgrading enhanced the economic level of Gaopu Village and facilitated the optimization of spatial functions. In addition, the profound local culture in Gaopu Village, including historical memory, community identity, and values, had an implicit stabilizing role in the transformation, which strengthened the villagers' sense of belonging and cohesion and promoted the coordination of multiple interests and consensus formation. When market driving forces weaken or the external environment changes, local culture transformed into an endogenous driving force that supported the sustained development of the village, which allowed it to achieve modern transformation while preserving its unique characteristics. The transformation of Gaopu Village offers important insights for other urban villages: to achieve benign and autonomous development, it is necessary to explore and fully utilize intrinsic resources, particularly cultural resources, and construct a transformation mechanism where internal and external dynamics mutually reinforce and synergize each other. This study not only enriches the theoretical framework of urban village transformation and development but also provides practical guidance for urban planners, policymakers, and community managers. The findings provide new perspectives for exploring the harmonious coexistence of cultural inheritance and modern governance in urban villages, emphasize the importance of self-renewal capabilities in urban villages, and offer valuable lessons for future urban governance.

Coastal nebkhas are an important component of coastal sand dune ecosystems, widely distributed at varying scales, and the key subject of coastal aeolian geomorphology research. This paper systematically reviewed the morphological characteristics, developmental evolution, and dynamic processes of coastal nebkhas, summarizing the major advancements in research and technical methods both domestically and internationally. Key findings include: the establishment of dune developmental stages based on the correlation of dune morphological parameters (horizontal scale and height); the volume of coastal nebkhas is related to wind and sand activity, ocean dynamics, and biological factors; the dune formation mechanism is a coupled process consisting of wind-driven dynamics, sand source supply, and vegetation stabilization, with coastal environments indirectly influencing dunes through vegetation and wind-sand interactions; the relative importance of different factors varies across regions during dune development; airflow and its interaction with shrub dunes exhibit significant differences in various dune parts, with windward slopes generating reflective eddies that enhance wind speed, and leeward slopes forming horizontal and vertical vortices. Vegetation species type, coverage, density, and distribution all affect near-surface wind-sand movement, with the highest sand deposition typically occurring near vegetation on the windward slopes, where sand transport decreases. A technical approach combining observational and simulation studies has shaped the research, especially with the recent application of new technologies, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle measurement systems and computer simulations, which have significantly advanced the study of coastal nebkha morphology, airflow structure, and sediment transport patterns. However, current research faces three main limitations: an incomplete understanding of the development mechanisms of coastal nebkhas, and a need for deeper exploration into their dynamic mechanisms. In the future, the focus should be on combining traditional observations with modern emerging technologies to strengthen the study of the main limiting factors and their interaction mechanisms during the formation and development of nebkhas and deepen the understanding of their formation and development mechanisms in China. Through comprehensive field surveys, typical investigations, and morphological measurements of key distribution areas of coastal shrub dunes, multi-scale, long-term, continuous dynamic monitoring should be conducted. It is important to analyze the formation and evolution mechanisms of coastal nebkhas in different regions, providing a scientific basis for cross-regional dune management and protection. A comprehensive study of the joint action mechanisms of wind dynamics, hydrodynamics, particle adhesion, and biological forces is essential to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution patterns of coastal nebkhas in China, both annually and inter-annually. Furthermore, the influence mechanisms of vegetation ecological processes, human activities, and climate change on coastal nebkhas should be emphasized, addressing the gaps in domestic research and improving the research framework for coastal aeolian geomorphology in China.

Using images and interview data from the Nanzhi Street in the Songyang County, combined with K.-S. Lee's five-dimensional theory of food memory, this study explores the impact of media and commercialization on traditional food and local memory. This work analyzes how five factors—population hollowing, commercialization of preparation methods, standardization of sensory experiences, weakening of emotional connections, and uniformity—affect the relationship between food and local memory. It also discusses the mediating role of media as an intermediary factor. The findings indicate: (1) Loss of native residents: The departure of native residents has led to external operators maintaining emotional ties but failing to restore the community atmosphere. The demographic shift in the Nanzhi Street has transformed local memory from the emotional memory of native residents to the commercial memory of external operators. Media has simultaneously enhanced commercial vitality and accelerated the commodification and symbolization of local memory; (2) Differences in shop styles: There is a clear distinction between the styles of registered and non-registered shops. Registered shops preserve local characteristics but tend toward symbolic traditional appearances under policy support and media influence, while non-registered shops cater to influencer-driven culture, leaning towards commercialization. This dual influence maintains commercial vitality but also speeds up the commodification of local memory, reflecting the tension between preserving local culture and pursuing commercial development; (3) Changes in traditional food and sensory experiences: The preparation methods and sensory experiences of traditional food have changed to meet consumer demands, leading to differences in how tourists and locals perceive local memory. Media's simplified narratives and excessive commercialization reduce the cultural depth of local cuisine, reinforce stereotypes, and overlook the importance of craftsmanship and deep-rooted culture. These shifts not only affect consumer perceptions but also undermine the authenticity and completeness of local memory. Additionally, under the influence of commerce and media, traditional food has become increasingly standardized, with weakened artisanal techniques and local characteristics. Younger consumers are more exposed to adapted, standardized flavors, further simplifying the cultural essence of local cuisine and diminishing its role in cultural diversity and regional identity; (4) Impact of media on emotional connections: Media's influence on emotional connections is dual-faceted. For locals, private memories are made public, transforming traditional food from a familial emotional symbol into a symbol of local culture. For tourists, media transforms local memory into a commodified and emotionalized product, replacing personal connections with consumer-driven experiences. This shift reflects the commercialization of local memory and highlights the disconnect in emotional ties between locals and tourists, as private memories are gradually replaced by mass-consumption emotions. The work reveals the conflict between commercialization and local characteristics in the Nanzhi Street under media and policy guidance, emphasizing the importance of preserving local memory and emotional connections during urban transformation.

Analysis of the spatiotemporal agglomeration trends of individuals' daily activities can contribute to gaining a better understanding of the temporal and spatial selection characteristics of residents' daily activities, and the utilization of urban space. This is of considerable practical significance for improving the living environment and enhancing the quality of life of residents in affordable housing in the context of the current era of optimizing existing stock. In this study. we examined a large-scale affordable residential area in Nanjing as an empirical case. Based on the perspective of "family division of labor" and the activity log data of the residents in the large-scale affordable residential area, we initially applied a spatial autocorrelation model to construct a spatiotemporal autocorrelation function, and depicted the overall characteristics of the spatiotemporal agglomeration of the daily activities of the residents in this area from the dual scales of "main urban area–residential area." In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal agglomeration characteristics of different activities. In this context, we characterized and compared the spatiotemporal response patterns of the daily activities of residents in this type of residential area. We subsequently undertook theoretical derivation, interpretation and refinement of the temporal and spatial selection processes of the daily activities of residents in large-scale guaranteed residential areas. From the perspective of spatiotemporal agglomeration trends, our findings revealed that the spatial and temporal clustering of the daily activities of residents in large low-income residential areas is often closely associated with the intensity of family division of labor and spatial scale. Among these, the spatial and temporal clustering of daily activities under medium and high intensity division of household labor was observed to be more obvious at the main urban area scale, whereas daily activities under low and medium intensity division of household labor were more concentrated on the scale of residential areas. From the perspective of response mode, we detected clear difference between the temporal-family and spatial-family response patterns of all types of activities, particularly between work and non-work activities. From the perspective of the interpretive model, the temporal range of different activities can be ordered as maintenance activities > survival activities > free activities, and the interaction of the temporal response process mainly occurs between the medium- and high-intensity division of household labor. Moreover, the spatial scope of different activities can generally be ordered as survival activities > maintenance activities > free activities, and the interaction of the spatial response process is mainly reflected in the high-intensity division of household labor. By examining the spatiotemporal patterns and decision-making mechanisms of residents' daily activities. we can provide necessary guidance and a basis for the construction of an ideal living circle for residents in large-scale public welfare residential areas.

To promote the implementation of the Paris Agreement and achieve the "Dual Carbon Goals", China aims to develop sustainability transitions in production, lifestyle, and consumption, shifting away from its current socio-technical system reliant on the petrochemical energy. Sustainability transitions involve replacing outdated technological systems with new ones. However, this process inevitably triggers negative social consequences, potentially exacerbating social injustice and inequalities. Therefore, the challenge of achieving a "spatially just transition" has become a key issue in economic geography. This study examines international (English-speaking) studies on sustainability transitions and particularly explores the background, themes, and characteristics of related geographical research through bibliometric analysis. The study found the following. (1) Research on transitions is characterized by a strong geographical emphasis. It originated in the early 21st Century from Western old industrial cities and resource-based regions, where the adoption of green technologies as a key mean for industrial transformation. While green technologies did alleviate environmental problems while it also brought about new social problems (such as, unemployment and poverty among traditional workers) and widened social injustices. (2) The concept of just transition currently lacks a unified definition, theoretical framework, and empirical viewpoints. Due to its late entry into the field, related research in geography remains on the periphery of mainstream academic discourse on just transition. In spite of that, geographical perspectives and concepts such as "place," "scale," and "spatiotemporal context" are gradually gaining recognition. (3) The theoretical discourse of just transition has been constructed and dominated by Western developed countries, with insufficient consideration and theoretical reflection on the practical experiences and contextual characteristics of developing countries and regions. However, as China is currently the world's largest driver of transition and a leading promoter of urban/regional pilot initiatives, the geography of just transition holds significant potential for empirical exploration and theoretical reconfiguration. This paper argues that Chinese geographers should seize the historical opportunity to focus on localized transition practices under national policy frameworks such as the Common Prosperity Strategy and the Ecological Civilization Construction. Particular attention should be paid to the transformation of peripheral and less-favored regions or "left-behind places"—such as old industrial areas, resource-dependent cities, and ecologically fragile regions—and their associated social justice challenges during green transitions. Moreover, just transition research should be positioned as a critical topic in current and future studies addressing regional uneven development.

With the rapid development of tourism, conflicts between the protection and utilization of tourist destinations have become increasingly prominent. The effective promotion of sustainable development of tourist destinations has become an important issue in academic circles. The essence of the conflict between the protection and utilization of tourist destinations is the disharmony and imbalance between the protection and utilization of tourist destinations. The root cause of this conflict is the restriction of the policy system and the difference in the interest demands of multiple subjects in the protection and utilization of tourist space resources, which leads to various disputes, contradictions, or opposites. Based on a review of relevant research at home and abroad, this study systematically reviews and summarizes the conceptual connotation, basic theory, identification and classification, feature analysis, occurrence mechanism, and adaptive governance of the conflict between tourism destination protection and utilization. The results show the following: 1) Based on a multidisciplinary perspective, scholars have enriched and refined the conceptual connotation and basic theory of the conflict between tourism destination protection and utilization, have gradually paid attention to the specific demand conflict between different stakeholders in tourism destination protection and utilization, and have attempted to reveal its intrinsic nature and development trends; 2) In terms of identification and classification, owing to the significant differences in research areas and perspectives, the types of conflict between the protection and utilization of tourist destinations also show a diversified trend; 3) Researchers mainly analyze features from the perspectives of subject, time, and space, and the conflicts between tourism destination protection and utilization are characterized by diverse interest subjects, complex spaces, and stages; 4) In terms of the occurrence mechanism, the research mainly explored the driving factors from the macro perspectives of policy system, environment, economy, and social culture, and micro perspectives of subjects' cognition, attitude, and behavior. The macro policy system and micro-subject perceptions were the focus of this study; 5) In terms of adaptive governance, research countermeasures mainly promote the organic combination of macrospatial governance and microsubject regulation to achieve the effect of adaptive governance. Macro-spatial governance provides an overall framework and directional guidance for the development of tourism destinations, while micro-subject regulation ensures that all stakeholders can act reasonably within this framework and jointly promote the sustainable development of tourism destinations. And finally, this research proposes that future research should include supplementing and improving the theoretical system of tourism destination protection and utilization conflict in the context of social change, expanding and deepening the research content of tourism destination protection and utilization conflict in the context of sustainable development, strengthening the research method innovation of tourism destination protection and utilization conflict with the support of geospatial information technology, and promoting the integration of tourism destination protection and utilization conflict in the perspective of multidisciplinary integration, combined analysis and application of results.

In recent years, the integration of red culture into rural areas has led to a remarkable upsurge in red tourism in the revolutionary old areas. The residents of these tourist destinations play a crucial role as carriers and stakeholders in tourism development. However, the role of residents' red culture-inspired awe in tourism development and its underlying mechanisms have not yet been thoroughly explored. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to fill this research gap. This study is firmly grounded in the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. To achieve the research objectives, a quasi-experimental design and a field survey method were employed. In the quasi-experimental study, materials related to the red culture of Jinggangshan were carefully selected to induce awe. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and a series of measurements were conducted, including assessments of red culture-inspired awe, red cultural identity, and support for tourism development. For the field survey, the Jinxiang Coastal Red Tourism Area in Lufeng City, Guangdong Province, was chosen as the research site. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to collect data on the relevant variables after conducting reliability and validity tests. Our study revealed several significant findings. First, awe inspired by red culture has a direct and positive impact on residents' support for tourism development. This indicates that in the context of red tourism, residents' awe towards local red culture can effectively stimulate their prosocial behaviors. Second, red cultural identity mediates the relationship between red culture-inspired awe and support for tourism development. It was found that when residents experienced a higher level of red culture-inspired awe, their identification with red culture became stronger, which in turn led to a greater inclination to support tourism development. Third, trust in the government also serves as a mediator. Red culture-inspired awe can enhance residents' trust in the government, and this trust significantly influences their attitude towards tourism development policies and their willingness to support tourism. Finally, there exists a serial mediating effect of red cultural identity and trust in the government in this process. This study made several important contributions. Theoretically, this broadens the application scope of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions in the field of red tourism, providing a new perspective for understanding resident attitudes towards tourism development. It also deepens our understanding of the role of emotions in promoting cultural identity and trust in the government. This study offers valuable suggestions for sustainable development of red tourism. For example, it emphasizes the importance of protecting and inheriting red cultural resources to enhance residents' feelings of awe, promote residents' in-depth identification with red culture through various means, and establish a transparent policy communication mechanism to strengthen residents' trust in the government. Future research should expand the sample range and explore the dynamic changes and long-term effects of red culture-inspired awe to provide more comprehensive theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of red tourism.

Against the background of rapid urbanization, China's districts and counties are characterized by unbalanced, inadequate, and asynchronous development, accompanied by different degrees of population loss. It is of theoretical and practical significance to explore the spatial distribution, evolution, and influencing factors of population shrinkage in county and district units in order to adapt to population shrinkage and formulate locally adapted development plans. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, this study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of population shrinkage during 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 based on resident population data at the district and county scales from 2000 to 2020. The study also constructed a socioeconomic-natural-demographic indicator system, explored the factors influencing its formation and evolution from the perspective of non-linear influence with the help of a multi-classification logit regression model and a random forest model, and put forward relevant suggestions. This study has the following results: (1) In the spatial dimension, the population shrinkage areas in Guangdong Province are primarily distributed in the periphery of the Pearl River Delta, with a spatial core-periphery imbalance, as well as differences between counties (including counties and county-level cities) and municipal districts. Among these, counties and county-level cities are the main areas of population shrinkage, characterized by a wide range of shrinkage, a more profound degree, and a more extended period; (2) In the temporal dimension, in the two stages of 2000–2010 and 2010–2020, Guangdong Province has seen an increase in the intensity of population shrinkage, with a trend towards slower, more sustained, wider, and more widespread population shrinkage and a deepening of the shrinkage in the areas adjacent to the nine cities in the Pearl River Delta. The degree of population shrinkage deepened in the eastern part of the northern mountainous region of Guangdong, mainly Meizhou. In contrast, the northern mountainous region of Guangdong, mainly Shaoguan, has gradually recovered from shrinkage; and (3) In the context of globalization, regionalization, and aging, the formation of population shrinkage areas in Guangdong Province is affected by the interaction of multiple factors in the four dimensions of demographic structure, production, life, and nature, with complex mechanisms and different impacts on different types of population shrinkage. Persistent population shrinkage is mainly affected by the demographic structure, especially the increasing aging problem, which leads to a long-term stable population decline. At the same time, economic and social factors also impact the continuous population shrinkage. Additionally, the policy regulation of ecological reserves, which has a direct impact on population distribution and mobility, cannot be ignored. However, in addition to the endogenous factors of the population, intermittent shrinkage is also affected by social and economic aspects such as industrial adjustment and fiscal expenditure, which may lead to fluctuations in economic activities in the short term and thus affect the population distribution.

Hypothermia is a type of safety accident that is often neglected in field activities. Its occurrence is not only a medical problem but also a thermodynamic problem and involves a specific geographical environment. An effective way to improve public awareness of hypothermia risk is to analyze hypothermia accidents from the perspective of heat transfer and heat balance between the human body and the environment. However, few reports have been written on relevant research. Therefore, this study uses the heat balance theory to build a calculation model of the clothing thermal resistance required by the human body to maintain a normal body temperature. The two most serious hypothermia death events in Shilin, Yellow River, Baiyin, Gansu province, and Ailao Mountain, Yunnan province, in 2021 are used as cases for analysis. The theoretical clothing thermal resistance has been calculated according to the external ambient temperature and human activity conditions (including metabolic rate and consumption coefficient) at the time of the event. By comparing the actual clothing thermal resistance value of the human body with the model, the theoretical clothing thermal resistance value has been calculated to study the hypothermia risk of the human body in the incident environment. The results show that, in the death incident of the Shilin Marathon on the Yellow River in Gansu Province, the theoretical thermal resistance of clothing required by the human body to maintain a normal body temperature was between 0.72 and 4.45 clo under different temperature conditions (resting, walking, and long-distance running), while the actual thermal resistance of the clothing worn by the accident personnel was 0.32 clo. The theoretical thermal resistance of the clothing is higher than that of the actual clothing, resulting in a high risk of temperature loss. Regarding the death event in the Ailao Mountain geological survey, the theoretical clothing thermal resistances required for the human body to maintain a normal body temperature under different temperatures while camping (sleeping), conducting field work, and mountaineering were 2.70-6.52 clo, 1.06-2.27 clo, and 0.55-1.75 clo, respectively. The actual thermal resistance of the clothing worn by the accident personnel was 1.86clo. During the accident, as long as the human body was in a climbing or working state, the difference between the theoretical and actual clothing thermal resistance was small, and the risk of hypothermia was low. However, while camping (sleeping), the theoretical clothing thermal resistance was higher than the actual clothing thermal resistance, and the lower the temperature, the greater the difference―especially at night when the temperature drops to its lowest point. At that point, the theoretical clothing thermal resistance could have been more than 3.5 times higher than the actual clothing thermal resistance, posing a serious risk of hypothermia. The results show the inevitability of hypothermia deaths in Shilin of the Yellow River in Gansu Province and Ailao Mountain in Yunnan Province. The insufficient prediction of hypothermia risk was the main cause of the hypothermia accidents. The calculation model constructed in this study can predict and evaluate the hypothermic risk of a certain outdoor activity in the future, provide a theoretical basis and research paradigm of thermodynamics and environmental science for improving public awareness about hypothermic risk, and is an effective means to prevent hypothermic accidents. Some measures and suggestions are provided for geographers engaged in long-term field investigation to avoid field hypothermia.

Cities function as complex systems where subsystems interact to form higher-level urban complexes characterized by intricate nonlinear coupling relationships among various networks. Although a substantial amount of research on urban networks from the perspective of single-factor flow exists both domestically and internationally, such studies have limitations, as they do not fully capture the multifaceted nature of urban systems. Research on multi-city networks in China primarily examines the structural characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of networks with distinct attributes. While international studies have explored interactions and coupling effects among subsystems within complex systems, focusing on aspects like network robustness and cascading failures, relevant studies on urban networks remain relatively limited. This study proposes a comprehensive research framework called Correlation-Multiplex Coupling Networks-Coupling Linkage Effect Evaluation (CMC). Focusing on the coupling of enterprise and information networks in the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle, this study further analyzes the coupling linkage effect between these networks. The results indicate that: First, there exists a complex nonlinear coupling relationship between information and enterprise networks, with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.625 and different degrees of interactive coupling between nodes; second, from 2011 to 2020, there were notable differences in the core-edge structures of the three networks within the twin-city economic circle. Interactions between cities in core areas were more frequent than those in peripheral areas, displaying a prominent "rich man clubs" phenomenon and preferential links. The hierarchical structure and "Matthew effect" of the urban network were evident. The enterprise network evolved from a dual-core, single-strong link structure to a dual-core, multiple-strong-link structure, achieving a more balanced network over time. The information network transitioned from a single-centered structure around Chengdu to a weaker dual-core structure, with Chongqing as a secondary core. Third, from 2011 to 2020, differences in coupling and linkage effects between enterprises and information networks were significant, with node coupling and linkage primarily at medium to low levels. Link coupling and linkage were mainly at medium to high levels, and interactive linkage weakened over time. The "rich club" phenomenon in coupled networks was stronger than in information networks but weaker than in enterprise networks. Compared to enterprise networks, the "Matthew effect" of coupled networks was less pronounced. In 2020, due to COVID-19 impacts, coupling and linkage between enterprise networks and information networks were significantly weakened, and urban comprehensive capacity did not markedly improve. This study expands the research perspective on urban networks, enriching the field by using a multiplex network approach and coupling coordination model, providing a methodological reference for similar research in other regions and enhancing understanding of the linkage effects among urban subsystems.

New urbanization is an important for narrowing the urban-rural income gap and providing powerful support for promoting regional cooperative development. Based on panel data of 71 county units in the Wuling Mountain Area from 2014 to 2021, the spatial effect and influence mechanism of new urbanization on the urban-rural income gap were investigated using the spatial Durbin, mediation effect, and panel threshold models. The results revealed the following: 1) A positive spatial correlation existed between new urbanization and urban-rural income gap in the Wuling Mountain Area. The local spatial clustering was dominated by the "low-high", and new urbanization had a significant spatial spillover effect on the urban-rural income gap. 2) New urbanization in the Wuling Mountain Area reduced the urban-rural income gap by increasing the level of digitally inclusive financial development and promoting upgrading the industrial structure. 3) The impact of new urbanization on the urban-rural income gap in the Wuling Mountain Area was constrained by itself and the level of economic development, and there was a single-threshold effect, which showed the law of diminishing margins and the inverted "U"-shaped change trend, respectively. Based on the spatial perspective and non-linear perspective, it investigated the spatial effect and influence mechanism of the new urbanization on the urban-rural income gap in the Wuling Mountain Area, which not only made up for the limitations of the existing research in exploring the relationship between the two from the perspective of localization, but also expanded the existing theoretical research system, and provided the theoretical basis and practical guidance for the Wuling Mountain Area and other underdeveloped areas to accelerate the two-way flow of urban and rural factors, to promote the organic integration of new urbanization and rural revitalization strategy, and to promote the realization of common prosperity.

China imports more than 80% of its iron via sea. The spatiotemporal patterns of iron ore shipping, as well as its changes, are linked to the China's national economic security. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the spatiotemporal patterns of global shipping. By studying the changing trend of China's iron ore import pattern during the pandemic, this study attempts to provide a basis and experience to prevent similar crises and improve supply chain resilience in the future. This study employs Automatic Identification System data to estimate China's iron ore imports during the COVID-19 pandemic from January to June 2020. Furthermore, this study integrates the standard deviation ellipse and origin-destination, flow analysis methods to examine changes in the iron ore trade pattern. The findings reveal the following. 1) The import pattern of iron ore in China exhibits pronounced geographical concentration. In terms of port distribution, the Bohai Rim serves as a core hub, hosting the majority of the country's major ore-receiving ports. Among them, the Caofeidian Port, Zhoushan Port, and Jinggang Port constitute three strategic fulcrums. 2) From the perspective of trade source countries, China's iron ore imports face substantial market concentration risks. Australia (accounting for over 60%) and Brazil (accounting for over 20%) contributed more than 80% of the total import volume, forming a highly dependent supply system. The main ports for iron ore exports from Australia are located on the west coast, including Ports Hedland, Dampier, and Walcott, while Port Itaqui in Brazil is also a major source of China's iron ore imports. 3) COVID-19 had the greatest impact on China's iron ore imports in February 2020. Imports rebounded in March as production resumed in China. In May, a higher import share in the Yangtze and Pearl River Delta regions shifted the import center slightly southward, although it remained along the southern boundary of the Bohai Rim port cluster. Despite the pandemic, the Bohai Rim ports retained their status as the primary import hubs. 4) Compared with 2019, iron ore exports from major exporters, including Australia, Brazil, South Africa, India, and Ukraine, increased from January to June 2020. China's dependence on iron ore from Australia and Brazil has decreased annually, while its dependence on Ukraine and India has increased. This has led to a westward shift in overseas iron ore supply centers. 5) Among ports with a monthly throughput exceeding 5 million tons, the iron ore supply to China from Australia's Ports Hedland, Dampier, and Walcott generally increased, whereas Brazilian Itaqui Port experienced a continuous decline in its supply to China starting in February. Among significant ports with a monthly throughput below 5 million tons, Peru's San Nicolas Port and South Africa's Saldanha Bay Port were the most severely impacted by the pandemic, with a notable reduction in their iron ore supply to China.

Over the past 40 years, significant changes have occurred along the coastlines of Qinzhou Bay in China and Manila Bay in the Philippines. Understanding the patterns of these changes is important for the management and planning of coastal zones. This study is based on the Google Earth Engine platform, using the modified normalized difference water index, combined with the Otsu algorithm and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System, to extract the coastlines of Qinzhou Bay in China and Manila Bay in the Philippines over the past 40 years, and then analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the two coastlines and the situation of reclamation. The results show that in the past 40 years, the coastline of Qinzhou Bay has generally advanced towards the sea, with a coastline length increase of 44.78 km, an average End Point Rate(EPR)of 6.81 m/a, and average Linear Regression Rate(LRR)of 6.16 m/a. Natural coastline length continued to decrease, whereas the proportion of artificial coastlines continued to increase. The Index of Coastline Utilization degree (ICUD) values show an upward trend, whereas the Index of Coastline Type Diversity (ICTD) values show a continuously decreasing trend. The Manila Bay coastline first increased and then decreased, with an overall decrease of 1.05 km—a relatively small change. The coastline also shows a trend of advancing towards the sea with an average EPR of 2.36 m/a and average LRR of 2.32 m/a. The proportion of natural coastlines continued to decline, whereas that of artificial coastlines gradually increased. The ICUD values showed a steadily increasing trend, whereas the ICTD values showed a downward trend. The cumulative area of reclamation in Qinzhou Bay has reached 6,674.27 hm², with an average annual expansion rate of 196.30 hm²/a. Reclamation activities were significantly active and large-scale. However, the cumulative reclamation area of Manila Bay is only 1,718.59 hm², with an average annual expansion rate of 50.55 hm²/a, indicating relatively limited reclamation activities. The reclamation intensity index and annual spatial expansion rate of Qinzhou Bay were higher than those of Manila Bay. Overall, compared to Manila Bay, the Qinzhou Bay coastline exhibited more significant characteristics in terms of change amplitude, change speed, and reclamation intensity. Reclamation activities have a significant impact on coastline changes, and port and dock construction and aquaculture are the main driving factors for reclamation.

River terraces are important geomorphic indicators that reveal the evolution of rivers, and their climatic and tectonic responses. Dating is key to studying terrace evolution. In the past decade, electron spin resonance (ESR) dating has been widely applied in Quaternary geology and environmental research, and has solved a series of Quaternary chronology problems. This study selected well-exposed river terrace sections of the Zhenjiang River in the upper reaches of the Beijiang River as the research object and used ESR dating to analyze the ages and formation mechanisms of the terraces of the Zhenjiang River system. The experimental data show that the Ti-Li core dose-response curve of quartz in the sediment samples of the Zhenjiang River terraces fits well with the ESR signal strength, indicating that the terrace samples are stable and meet the requirements of ESR dating. Two age data were obtained from the bottom and the top of the ZJ-P₁ profile, with ages of 654 ± 79 ka and 231 ± 29 ka respectively; three age data (576 ± 38 ka, 523 ± 55 ka and 256 ± 26 ka) were obtained from the bottom to the top of the ZJ-P₂ profile, and three age data (392 ± 56 ka, 132 ± 15 ka and 41 ± 6 ka) were obtained from the bottom to the top of the ZJ-P₃ profile, being respectively. These results reflect the continuous sedimentation of the strata. Through the comparative analysis with the existing thermoluminescence age data of the Zhenjiang River and adjacent basins, it is determined that there are two distinct river terraces on the left bank of the Zhenjiang River in the upper reaches of the Beijiang River, and the final formation times of T₂ and T₁ are approximately 231 ± 29 and 41 ± 6 ka, respectively. Similarly, the ages of the river terraces in the main basins of northern Guangdong obtained by different dating methods were similar, indicating that the rivers in northern Guangdong were generally incised during the Middle and Late Middle Pleistocene and that the main rivers in northern Guangdong have synchronous evolution characteristics. On the basis of sedimentary characteristics of the river terraces in the Zhenjiang section of the upper reaches of the Beijiang River, terrace dating data, and previous research, it is shown that the formation of the second terrace in the Zhenjiang section was mainly influenced by tectonic uplift movements; the final formation time was in the Middle and Late Pleistocene, and the first terrace was formed under the combined action of climate change and tectonic activity during the late Pleistocene. Based on the ages of the samples at the top of the T₂ and T₁ gravel layers and the incision heights, the corresponding incision rates were calculated to be 0.056 and 0.524 mm/a, respectively. Finally, a comparison with the downcutting rates of other river terraces in neighboring areas showed that the Jinjiang and Zhenjiang Rivers exhibited higher downcutting rates since the Middle to Late Pleistocene, indicating the presence of tectonic uplift in northern Guangdong during this period. This study determined the ages and formation mechanisms of low-level river terraces in the Zhenjiang River section using ESR dating and provides an important reference for the study of climatic and tectonic responses in northern Guangdong.

Skilled migration is a pivotal phenomenon underpinning globalization that has attracted widespread scholarly interest; a nuanced understanding of the patterns and mechanisms of skilled migration is considered essential for fostering coordinated regional development and enhancing labor market allocation. To compare the domestic and international talent mobility research in the 21^st century and advance China's talent mobility theory, In this paper, we reviewed Chinese and English literature from fields such as geography, urban planning, demography, economics, and management since 2000 via quantitative and qualitative analysis. Initially, we conducted bibliometric and keyword co-occurrence analyses using CiteSpace to identify research hotspots and trends; subsequently, we performed Qualitative Data Analysis Miner qualitative analysis as a supplementary approach to derive in-depth insights and determine connections between literature sources. Herein, we summarize the research hotspots regarding skilled migration, domestically and internationally. We found that concerning research hotpots, domestic research emphasizes the spatial distribution of different types of talent, the impact of urban factors on skilled migration, and the interplay between talent and urban innovation. In contrast, international research emphasizes more on the mobility decisions of highly skilled migrants within a globalization context, focusing on the impact of international high-skilled migration on the destination and origin countries, the micro-level mechanisms of migration decision-making (such as family dynamics, gender roles, and early career stages), and social adaptation in destination countries (including identity, sense of belonging, and related factors). Theoretically, both domestic and international studies are based on labor migration theory, examining skilled migration mechanisms from macro-regional and micro-individual perspectives, and expanding theoretical frameworks to include amenities and the creative class. However, owing to differences in social, economic, institutional, and developmental contexts among countries, these theories are not entirely applicable in practice, particularly regarding their explanatory power in the Chinese context, which requires further examination. Furthermore, in terms of research progress, we found that international studies are increasingly highlighting the life course of migrants and the socio-cultural micro-mechanisms influencing skilled migration, emphasizing the adoption of a combination of quantitative and qualitative analytical methods. Conversely, domestic research predominantly focuses on the spatial patterns of skilled migration and the effects of macro-urban factors, relying on quantitative analyses. Future research in China should aim to examine micro-mechanisms, develop indigenous theoretical frameworks to foster theoretical innovation, and enhance the integration of qualitative and quantitative methods. Moreover, exploiting the potential of big data and emerging technologies could contribute towards overcoming limitations associated with data acquisition. On the basis of our survey of current theories and methods, we propose the following four directions for future research: (1) strengthening investigations into the micro-mechanisms of skilled migration; (2) developing indigenous theoretical frameworks to support theoretical innovation in China; (3) promoting the integration of qualitative and quantitative research methods; and (4) enhancing data acquisition and exploiting big data and advanced technologies to overcome the current limitations associated with acquiring data.

The number of highly educated individuals continues to grow, and the internal heterogeneity of this group is becoming increasingly evident. Examining these differences in location selection mechanisms from the perspective of heterogeneity is crucial for optimizing talent distribution. In this study, we used population census data from 2010 and 2020, along with 1% population sampling survey data from 2015 across various provinces. We employed the Gini coefficient and visualization methods to depict the spatiotemporal patterns of talent distribution at college, undergraduate, and graduate education levels in Chinese prefecture-level administrative regions. Employing a Beta regression model, we identified the factors that influence talent distribution across four dimensions: spatial sorting, spatial selection, spatial agglomeration, and comfort preferences. The key findings were as follows: 1) From 2010 to 2020, regional disparities in educational talent were ranked as postgraduate > undergraduate > college, with a decreasing trend in disparities for all three categories. 2) The proportion of college-, undergraduate-, and graduate-level educated individuals exhibited a clear administrative hierarchy, with the proportion of highly educated individuals decreasing from capital cities to provincial capitals (vice-provincial cities), prefecture-level cities, and regions. Hierarchical differentiation was most pronounced for graduate-level individuals, and was least pronounced for college-level individuals. 3) The Hu Huanyong Line serves as a dividing line for spatial structural differences in the distribution of highly educated individuals. To the southeast of the line, the spatial structure follows a pattern from the center (provincial capitals) to the periphery (general prefecture-level regions), with graduate-level individuals demonstrating the most characteristic spatial structure. Northwest of the line, a high-talent area for college and undergraduates extends from the Daxinganling Forest region in the east to Hami in the west. 4) Urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas are gradually becoming important spatial carriers of highly educated individuals, with the most typical examples being national-level urban agglomerations, especially the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas. 5) From 2010 to 2020, dynamic changes in the concentration of talented individuals at the associate degree, undergraduate, and graduate levels exhibited a reverse core-periphery spatial structure. Specifically, the location quotient for talented individuals in capital and provincial-level cities (including sub-provincial cities) decreased, whereas it increased in prefecture-level cities and regions. Additionally, the dynamic changes in the concentration of talented people demonstrated regional differentiation; the location quotient for talented people in areas northwest of the Hu Huanyong Line showed an upward trend, whereas it decreased southeast of the line. Similarly, the location quotient for talented people in the eastern region declined, whereas it increased in the central and western regions. 6) In terms of spatial sorting, talented people at different educational levels tended to prefer prefecture-level administrative regions with higher incomes, higher administrative ranks, and larger urban populations, with the order of preference being graduate > undergraduate > college. Regarding spatial selection, higher housing costs and more competitive job markets in prefecture-level administrative regions generally demand higher educational qualifications, following the trend: graduate > undergraduate > college. In terms of spatial agglomeration, urbanization levels in prefecture-level regions foster clustering of talented people at all educational levels, with the effect being strongest for college-educated people, followed by undergraduate and graduate people. With regard to comfort preferences, regions with higher levels of social environmental comfort are more attractive for the aggregation of highly educated individuals. Our research findings will be helpful for different cities and regions in formulating differentiated talent recruitment policies.

In recent years, the number of Chinese university graduates has been progressively increasing, and their employment situation has become increasingly poor under the influences of the COVID-19 epidemic and downward economic pressure. The employment issue of university graduates has attracted considerable attention. The migration of university graduates is synthetically affected by multiple factors including individual-, family-, and city-level factors. A systematic theoretical framework of the influencing mechanism of the migration of university graduates, which combines these factors, is lacking. Moreover, extant studies have scarcely investigated the migration of university graduates from the overall perspective of family capital, let alone different factors considered by graduates with different family capital levels in the migration decision-making process. The role of human capital in the relationship between the family capital and migration of graduates still remains unknown. To address this gap, based on first-hand survey data on the migration of new graduates from 78 universities in eight cities in 2022, this study employs a nested logit model to examine the influencing factors on the intercity migration of university graduates from both the individual and city levels, and reveals the dual influencing mechanism of family capital (economic, cultural, and social capital) and human capital (education qualification, university type, student cadre status, academic records, certificates, and internship experience). The results demonstrate that: 1) Family capital exerts a significantly positive impact on the intercity migration of university graduates. Graduates with higher levels of family capital are more inclined to move to higher-level cities. Compared with graduates whose parents have an annual income level below 90 thousand RMB and highest education qualification below a college degree, graduates whose parents have an annual income level above 90 thousand RMB and highest education qualification above a college degree are more likely to flow to first-tier and second-tier cities. 2) The influence of family capital on the migration of graduates presents significant heterogeneity. When choosing employment cities, graduates with a higher level of family capital pay more attention to urban economic and amenity factors. Compared with graduates with lower levels of family capital (represented by lower parental income levels, lower educational qualification levels, and parents' non-managerial or professional occupations), graduates with higher levels of family capital (opposite to their counterparts) are more affected by income levels, living costs, environmental quality, medical resources, and cultural resources, in selecting employment cities. 3) The human capital of graduates plays both a positive mediating role and a certain degree of a negative moderating role in the impact of family capital on the migration of graduates. All the variables of human capital play a positive mediating role, that is, family capital positively influences the migration of graduates by affecting their human capital; however, some variables of human capital (student cadre status, academic records, certificates, and internship experience) play a negative moderating role, that is, the human capital accumulated in the university can weaken the impacts of family capital on the migration of graduates. By introducing a spatial perspective, this study provides not only empirical evidence for the response to the social concern about whether getting good jobs depends on family background or personal efforts, but also scientific references for promoting the full employment of graduates and guiding the rational talent flows.

Understanding the factors influencing the return of high-level scientific and technological talent from outside China's customs borders is important for optimizing the policy practice of introducing high-level talent from abroad. Based on the biographical information of 1,248 high-level scientific and technological talents who had studied or worked outside China's customs borders and then returned to China to obtain the National Outstanding Young Scientist Fund from 2009 to 2020, this study analyzes the characteristics of the spatial pattern of the return of high-level scientific and technological talents from outside China's customs borders and their influencing factors using social network analysis and a nested logit model, respectively. The results reveal the following: The outflow city network for talents from outside China's customs borders centers around Hong Kong (China) and Cambridge (USA), while the inflow city network is centered on Beijing and Shanghai. There are notable regional differences in the distribution of cities where these talents return.Cambridge (USA) is the primary source of returning talents to Beijing and Shanghai, while Singapore is the main source of returning talents to Nanjing. For Guangzhou and Wuhan, Hong Kong (China) serves as the main source of returning talents.At the individual level, academic ties and the level of talent introduction programs significantly influence the choice of cities for returning talents. At the macro level, high salaries, significant investment in science and technology, and a high concentration of top-tier scientific research platforms in Chinese cities are the primary factors attracting high-level talents from outside China's customs borders. Additionally, the quality of educational service facilities and favorable climate conditions also play a significant role in influencing city choices.Individual heterogeneity exists in the influence of urban macro-factors on location choices for talent return. Male talents, those with mobility experience, or those who have resided outside China's customs borders for an extended period tend to place greater emphasis on academic and social ties as well as support from high-level talent introduction programs. Conversely, talents returning later are more influenced by higher salary levels and the availability of top-tier scientific research platforms in the city.Compared with existing studies that primarily focus on analyzing the influence mechanisms of talent return driven mainly by policy factors, this study contributes to revealing the joint impact of government policy factors and market-oriented factors on the return of high-level scientific and technological talents.

In the knowledge economy era, technological innovation has become increasingly crucial in forming international competitive advantages and driving national economic development. However, the global distribution of technological innovation remains uneven, with a sustained "core-periphery" structure. From the perspective of evolutionary economic geography, technological development paths are closely linked to the local knowledge base, making it generally difficult to overcome spatial constraints. Consequently, the path-dependent nature of national technological development may reinforce the disadvantageous position of late-developed countries in global technological progress, further widening the technological development gap. In this context, exploring how latecomer countries can achieve innovation breakthroughs spatially becomes essential. From the viewpoint of talent mobility, we employ a global patent database and data on the stock of highly skilled mobile talent to construct a country-time-level econometric model to analyze the impact of birthplace diversity among highly skilled talent on the ability of destination countries to achieve place-breaking innovations. Additionally, we conduct group regression based on multidimensional proximity (geographic, cultural, and institutional) to analyze the varying roles of different talent groups. Our findings reveal that greater diversity in the birthplaces of mobile talent significantly increases the likelihood of destination countries accessing new technological fields unrelated to their existing knowledge base. This suggests that the diversity of talent's country of origin positively influences place-breaking innovations in the destination country. Moreover, we find that multidimensional proximity affects the mechanism by which talent diversity drives place-breaking innovations. Specifically, talent diversity has a stronger impact on breakthroughs between geographically and culturally distant countries, while institutional distance appears less significant. This is likely because mobile talent from geographically distant countries brings more differentiated knowledge and skills, helping destination countries overcome geographical constraints on technological development. In contrast, between culturally closer countries, mobile talent faces fewer communication and integration barriers, which enhances the positive effects of their birthplace diversity. The results suggest that, when introducing highly skilled migrants, countries should focus not only on the scale and quality of talent but also the diversity of talent origins. Actively recruiting highly skilled individuals with diverse skills and differentiated knowledge can foster technological development, help overcome geographical constraints, and achieve technological catch-up. Additionally, countries should cultivate supportive linguistic, cultural, and social environments to ease the cross-cultural adaptation challenges faced by highly skilled immigrants. Simultaneously, countries should promote interaction among diverse talent groups, facilitate communication with local talent, and build affiliation networks to better leverage the benefits of talent diversity. These insights provide important guidance for latecomer countries in designing immigration and innovation policies and offer a new direction for future research. Future studies should explore non-proprietary innovation behaviors, delve into the integration and exchange among different talent groups at the micro level, and examine the underlying mechanisms using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Urban, agricultural, and ecological spaces, collectively referred to as the "three types of space," are central elements in China's Territorial and Spatial Planning reforms. These spaces are crucial in bridging the National Main Functional Area Planning and regional coordinated development strategies at a higher level and in guiding land-use control at a lower level. The Pearl River Basin is one of China's most important economic development regions. This basin serves as a crucial region for the case study of evolution of the "three types of space." Understanding this evolution is critical for aligning regional land use with national strategic objectives and optimizing the coordinated development of these spatial elements. Using the National Main Functional Area Planning strategy as a starting point, this study applied a cross-conversion matrix and a multiscale geographically weighted regression model to analyze the evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of the "three types of spaces" in the Pearl River Basin from 1990 to 2020. Three main results were obtained. First, over the past 30 years, urban space in the Pearl River Basin has expanded considerably, ecological space has slightly increased, but agricultural space has significantly decreased, with marked spatial differences in the evolution of the "three types of spaces" across the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the basin. Agricultural space has fully decreased across all reaches, converting to urban space in the lower reaches and reverting to ecological space in the upper and middle reaches. Second, within different national functional zones, urban space growth is most pronounced in urbanized areas, ecological space recovery is significant in ecological functional zones, and agricultural space has remarkably decreased in major agricultural production areas. Third, the driving factors for the different evolution directions of the "three types of spaces" in the Pearl River Basin vary. Industrial development has significantly driven the expansion of urban spaces, whereas ecological protection policies have effectively promoted the restoration of ecological spaces in key ecological areas. These findings effectively reveal the land-use evolution process in China's socioeconomic development regions over the past 40 years, highlight the risks and influencing factors of rapid urban space development and ecological space threats, and provide an important reference for optimizing land-use patterns in similar key regions of China.

It is a common geographical phenomenon that the birthplaces of talented individuals tend to cluster; however, this has not been fully explored in human geography. Existing studies primarily focus on the spatial mobility of talents after their development, overlooking the influence of the environment in which they grow up. Based on cultural capital theory, this paper examines Chinese pop singers by analyzing their birthplaces and their relationship with local cultural capital. Using GIS methods, such as kernel density analysis, the study visualizes the spatial clustering characteristics of Chinese pop singers and explores the factors influencing the spatial distribution of their birthplaces through a negative binomial regression model. The findings suggest that: 1) The birthplaces of Chinese pop singers exhibit a multi-core spatial structure, with Taiwan, Beijing, and Sichuan as the epicenters. "Beijing-Hong Kong" serves as the main destination for established pop singers, followed by "Shanghai-Chengdu-Taipei". Notably, underdeveloped western regions, such as Xi'an, Urumqi, and Kunming, also show an advantage in nurturing Chinese-speaking pop singers. 2) The spatial distribution of Chinese pop singers' birthplaces differs from China's regional economic development patterns. Regions rich in cultural capital, such as Sichuan and Northeast China, are relatively prolific in producing pop singers. The number of Chinese pop singers from new first- and second-tier cities like Chengdu, Chongqing, Shenyang, and Harbin exceed that of the first-tier city of Guangzhou. The study shows that cultural capital factors have a significant positive impact on the distribution of Chinese pop singers. The rich cultural capital and favorable local music culture have fostered a long-standing music tradition, providing a supportive environment for pop singers. For example, Sichuan, with its rich folk music heritage, such as Sichuan Qingyin, Xiling Mountain Songs, and Dongjing Music, has also established China's first popular music college. 3) The increase in local cultural capital can benefit the growth and cultivation of Chinese pop singers, although the significance varies by type of cultural capital. Educational and cultural capital, on the one hand, enhances singers' musical creativity by embodying cultural capital, shaping habits, cultivating music aesthetics, and acquiring skills; on the other hand, it inspires young students' interest in music. Geographical and environmental factors serve as sources of artistic inspiration for cultural products and create a melting pot for diverse ethnic cultures. The factors of music industrialization reflect the specialization of local music industry networks, such as discovering and cultivating new musical talents and promoting music collaboration and production. This study provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of the role of local cultural capital in cultivating creative talents and offers constructive suggestions for enhancing regional cultural industry strategies.

Currently, global uncertainties and instabilities are increasing significantly. Therefore, research on the evolution of urban industrial network resilience is essential for strengthening the ability of urban industries to withstand major events. This study constructs a network of firms using data on corporate headquarters and branches in Dongguan registered between 1979 and 2020. It analyzes the evolution of urban industry network resilience through interruption simulations and complex network invulnerability. The study empirically examines the resilience of Dongguan's industrial network, focusing on single-node resilience, overall network resilience, and regional network resilience. The results indicate the following: (1) In the single-node simulation attack of the Dongguan industrial network, the impact of urban core nodes on network resilience gradually weakens. The differences between urban core nodes and general town nodes continue to diminish, and the network's resistance to single-node disruptions tends to stabilize. (2) Compared to random attacks, deliberate attacks can cause networks to collapse faster. However, as Dongguan's industrial networks evolved toward a multi-center structure, the impact of targeted attacks on network resilience gradually decreased. (3) The resilience of Dongguan's industrial network to Shenzhen is lower than that to Guangzhou. However, the strength of enterprises inside and outside the city tends to balance, and the resilience level of the regional network is gradually stabilizing. (4) Overall, the evolution of industrial network resilience in Dongguan is characterized by a shift from a single-center network with a low level of resilience to a multi-center network with a higher level of resilience. The innovation of this research lies in two key areas: First, it provides valuable contributions to related research on urban network resilience and industrial resilience by introducing the concepts and methods of interruption simulation and complex network invulnerability. Second, by conducting a long-term, continuous analysis of network resilience, this study explores the evolution of network resilience from a dynamic perspective, offering a fresh viewpoint for existing static network resilience studies. Therefore, based on this research, the study suggests that constructing a multi-centric development structure and strengthening coordination among industries at various nodes can effectively improve the resilience level of the industrial network. Meanwhile, it is important to focus on balancing internal and external forces in the development of urban industries to avoid excessive interference from external industries on local urban industries.

Ecological protection and restoration of territorial space is a national strategy aimed at safeguarding China's ecological security and enhancing people's well-being in the new era of ecological civilization. Establishing a legal framework for ecological protection and restoration of territorial space is a key strategic requirement for China to build the "multiple pillars" of ecological civilization. However, the legal provisions related to ecological protection and restoration are currently dispersed across various environmental laws and basic environmental legislation, making it difficult to provide robust support for the construction of a comprehensive legal system for ecological protection and restoration of territorial space. This study employs a textual analysis to systematically review the history of China's ecological protection and restoration legislation since 1978, tracing the evolution of relevant environmental laws, revealing the legislative foundations for the protection and restoration of national land space, and offering critical insights and references for building a legal framework that promotes integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands in the new era. The evolution of legal themes related to ecological protection and restoration of territorial space in China has undergone three stages: natural resource management and utilization (1978‒2011), single-element protection (2012‒2017), and barrier zone ecological protection and restoration (2018‒2023), marking three levels of transformation. From the perspective of legislative objectives, the focus has shifted from legislation concerning individual natural resources elements, such as mountains, water, forests, grasses, and seas, to comprehensive legislation targeting key regional ecosystems. In terms of legislative goals, the shift has been from single-element governance aimed at singular objectives to multi-objective, synergistic protection and restoration of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, sands, and more, through an integrated approach. Additionally, the legislative framework has transitioned from managing natural resources to managing integrated ecosystems. These changes and innovations have laid a foundation for China to establish a legal system for ecological protection and restoration of territorial space, focused on integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands in the new era. However, challenges remain, such as the absence of legal norms to implement the new concepts and approaches, unclear departmental responsibilities, and insufficient public participation mechanisms. Moving forward, it is essential to fully implement the ecosystem approach, develop a management system with centralized jurisdiction, joint coordination, and step-by-step refinement centered on the "two unified" responsibilities of the natural resources departments, and deepen legislation to enhance public participation. Additionally, leveraging the combined expertise of multiple disciplines and fields will support legislative research and practical exploration, leading to the comprehensive establishment of a legal system for the ecological protection and restoration of territorial space.

The development of urbanization has fostered the rise of instrumental rationality and the decline of value rationality, leading to a diminishing sense of belonging among individuals in fast-paced urban life. As a result, rurality has become a core attraction for rural tourists. Research on rurality has emerged as a key topic in the fields of rural geography and rural tourism. However, relatively little research has focused on how to realize micro-level human-land interactions and achieve a subjective understanding of rurality in rural tourism destinations from a cognitive perspective. Schema theory offers a framework to explore this issue. Amid the confrontation and integration of modernity and provinciality, the rurality of rural World Heritage sites, by preserving the integrity and authenticity of traditional rural social structures, enhances tourists' local attachment and local experiences. This paper uses Hongcun, a rural World Heritage site, as a case study, introducing schema theory to explore the cognitive schema of rurality and its generation mechanism among tourists by conducting a grounded theory analysis of travel notes on Ctrip. Through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, a model of rurality cognitive schema and its generation mechanism was constructed. The findings are as follows: 1) Tourists acquire a concrete schema of rurality through embodied experiences and behavioral interactions, which resonate with and enrich their existing schemas, facilitating schema integration across time and space; 2) The existing schema, shaped by cultural background and individual experience, serves as the foundation for tourists to form cognitive schemas. The local characteristics of traditional Chinese rural society and the traditional culture passed down through generations are embedded in individuals' existing schemas. Tourists' existing schemas interact with the rural tourism environment, engaging in both top-down and bottom-up cognitive processing through anticipation contrast, uniqueness contrast, feature association, and cross-temporal imagination. 3) The rural cognitive schema consists of four sub-schemas: the natural ecological schema, life schema, cultural schema, and place atmosphere schema. The natural ecological schema emphasizes tourists' perception of the interplay between rural nature and humanity. The life schema pertains to daily life scenes observed at the tourist destination, while the cultural schema refers to the local culture formed through the development and evolution of the destination. The place atmosphere schema captures the abstract perception and impression of the destination, formed through the interaction between tourists' embodied experiences and their existing schemas. The natural ecological schema provides the spatial foundation for both the life and cultural schemas, while the latter two exert external influences on the natural ecological schema, helping shape the rural area's natural and humanistic characteristics. The cultural schema informs and regulates the life schema, while the life schema simultaneously practices and reshapes the cultural schema. Together, these schemas, along with the place atmosphere schema, form a comprehensive cognitive network of rural nature. This study is significant for deepening the understanding of the connotation and formation mechanism of rurality, exploring human-local interaction from a microscopic perspective, and offering theoretical and practical guidance for the development of rural tourism through the mining of rurality and culture.

With water resource shortages becoming a global concern, water conservation is one of the key factors in the sustainable development of watershed ecosystems. However, previous studies of water conservation have focused on annual mean water conservation, which does not reflect changes in water conservation on shorter time scales. Shorter time scales have more significant responses than longer timescales. An annual scale reflects the supply function of the water culverts, whereas a shorter time scale reflects the function of stagnant flood replenishment. Thus, we analyzed the annual, monthly, and daily changes in water conservation in the Zengjiang River Basin, an important water source area and ecological barrier in Guangzhou, from 1959 to 2018. The WEP-L distributed hydrological model and water-balance equations were used to explore the supply, regulation, and peak reduction and replenishment of the water conservation dryness functions. The results indicate that the annual mean water conservation in the Zengjiang River Basin was 685.7 mm from 1959 to 2018, with a non-significant decreasing rate (-1.30 mm/a) during this period. This decreasing trend indicates that the water supply capacity of the basin decreased, which is not conducive to the water security of the basin and downstream areas. Therefore, relevant policies should be formulated and measures should be taken to improve the water conservation capacity of the basin. The multi-year average monthly water conservation in the Zengjiang River Basin was positive in January‒September and negative in October‒December, with non-significant increases in water conservation in January, March, June, November, and December, and non-significant decreases in the other months. The trend ranged from -0.04 to -0.67 mm/a during the entire study period. Water conservation changes in the Zengjiang River Basin during pre-flood, post-flood, and dry-water periods indicate that the basin's ability to regulate water conservation runoff weakened. The maximum 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day periods in the Zengjiang River Basin were positive, whereas the minimum 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day periods were negative. Except for the minimum 5-day and 7-day periods, the other six daily extreme water conservation indicators exhibited non-significant increasing trends. The maximum water conservation values indicate that the peak reduction capacity increased, while the minimum water conservation values indicate that the capacity to replenish depletion decreased in 1- and 3-day periods and increased in 5- and 7-day periods. Spatially, the annual water conservation trend was low in the southeastern and northern parts of the basin, and high in the southwestern part of the basin. Annual, monthly, and daily water conservation levels in the Zengjiang River Basin from 1959 to 2018 embodied its supply, regulation, peak reduction, and replenishment of depletion functions, respectively. The correlation coefficients between water conservation and precipitation were significantly higher than those between evapotranspiration and surface runoff, thereby indicating that precipitation was the most important factor influencing water conservation. The findings of this study reveal multi-temporal evolutionary processes and functional differences in water conservation and provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and construction.

Microbes have consistently coexisted with humans and have profoundly influenced their daily practices. Accompanied by the new materialists' rethinking of the ontology and epistemology of nonhuman matter, and based on the 'Object Oriented Ontology' proposed by Harman, this paper attempt to reinterpret the dynamic relationship between viruses, human bodies, and cities in the process of movement. By reinterpreting the communication patterns between human bodies and viruses, as well as the topological networks between human bodies and cities, this study aimed to reveal the biosocial attributes of cities from the perspective of transcending anthropocentrism." The findings indicate that (1) symptoms and attitudes towards viruses are embodied communication processes between the human body and the virus and that the outcome of embodied communication is influenced by temporal and spatial dimensions. This finding contributes to the reshaping of the humanity-virus relationship, prompting humanity to value the agency of viruses and to confront how viruses coexist and cohabit in the human body and urban spaces; (2) The mobilities of viruses cross boundaries and scales between a human body and cities. By focusing on the mobilities of viruses between extended bodies to explore the interactions between bodies and cities, this study reveals the mobilities and biosocial properties of the city; that is, the city is viewed as a topological biosocial network that transcends boundaries. Using the mask as an example, this study reveals how the extended body affects and alters material connections–that is, how social, policy, and cultural meanings are embedded in the construction and reconstruction of urban topological networks–and how the network of relationships attached to the body creates connections to better cope with the impacts of viral mobilities. Overall, based on the concepts of embodied communication' and an extended body, the results of this study provide new perspectives on micro-mobilities in human geography, enriching the dynamics of the relationship between cities and bodies. First, it re-examines the dichotomy between health and disease as a dynamic relational process by understanding the relationship between humans and viruses from a geographic perspective so that health study pays attention to the dynamics of other elements in the relational network. Second, the findings also expand the connotation and application of the concept of the 'extended body,' enriching the understanding of the dynamic relationship between the body and the city, and revealing the interactions between macro-socio-cultural politics and micro-body behavioral practices in the context of viral pandemics. Viewing the relational nature and attributes of the city through the prism of microbial mobility, draws our attention towards how a city is formed through connections between human and nonhuman matter and exhibits that this relational space is constantly fluid. This turn of thinking, which reflects the connotations and extents of space in a network-nested manner, has inspired geographers to pay attention to the complex network of relationships between people and spaces, where humans, microbes, and cities are seen as a collection of complex relationships. Therefore, the object of urban governance is not limited to humanity but should also be concerned with other nonhuman matters, and the relationships generated between people and nonhuman matters.

In the era of the knowledge economy, the production, distribution, and application of knowledge play increasingly important roles in the production of regional innovations, and the phenomenon of networking of knowledge interactions is becoming increasingly obvious. Knowledge interactions are an important driving mechanism of urban innovation performance, and the effects of local and non-local knowledge interaction linkages on urban innovation performance need to be clarified. This paper explains urban innovation performance on the basis of the "Network Capital" theoretical framework and argues that it is a function of the stock of network capital in each region; that is, the stock of local and cross-border connected network capital and the interrelationships between the two (complementarity, balance and synergy, etc.) are the key mechanisms driving urban knowledge acquisition and innovation performance. Through the analysis of patent transfer data, this study investigated the classification of Chinese urban innovation network patterns from the perspective of the strength of local (intra-city) and cross-border (inter-city) innovation linkages and analyzed the impacts of local and cross-border knowledge interaction linkages on urban innovation performance. The empirical results for China's biomedical industry led to the following conclusions: (1) The activity of knowledge interactions in Chinese cities is increasing, with the proportion of cross-border linkages steadily rising and the gap between them and local linkages gradually widening. Knowledge interactions in Chinese cities exhibit a high degree of spatial imbalance, with knowledge interactions evolving from being sparse to dense while the imbalance intensifies, exhibiting characteristics such as hierarchy, gradient, and agglomeration. (2) The knowledge interaction portfolio model based on local and cross-border linkages categorizes cities into four types: Networked, Outward-oriented, Inward-oriented, and Isolated. The distribution of Networked-type cities is clearly concentrated in the central and eastern regions, and the spatial bias has been strengthened with the evolution of time. The distribution of Isolated-type cities is biased toward the inland regions, whereas Outward- and Inward-oriented cities are mainly interspersed in the central and western areas, among which Networked-type cities play an extremely important role in the innovation network system and are responsible for the main functions of innovation output. (3) Local and cross-border linkages and their degree of complementarity play a significant role in promoting urban innovation performance. Conversely, the degree of local and cross-border balance and their synergy are insignificant on urban innovation performance. The results show that for the innovative development of China's biomedical industry at the city level, the focus should be on increasing the strength of local and cross-border knowledge interaction linkages as well as the complementary roles of the two, and that it is not appropriate to pursue a balanced and synergistic development of the two at the current stage of development. This study has systematically investigated the roles of the complementary, balanced, and synergistic relationships between local and cross-border linkages in urban innovation performance, and its findings enrich the current literature on "Network Capital."

The primary objective of a regional integration strategy is to foster talent agglomeration and knowledge spillover, thereby enhancing the high-quality development of the regional economy. Extant literature predominantly concentrates on talent distribution and the pattern of knowledge spillover under integration policy. However, scant attention has been paid to the causal inference of regional integration policy on talent aggregation and knowledge spillover. Under the new economic structure of establishing a unified national market and high-quality development, a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of integration policy in relation to talent aggregation and knowledge spillover is pivotal for shaping regional talent policies and refining theories of population mobility. To address this gap, this study employs time-varying Difference-In-Differences (DID) and spatial DID approaches to empirically assess the influence and underlying mechanisms of regional integration policy within the context of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. The analysis reveals three key findings. First, the integration policy demonstrates a substantial facilitative impact on talent aggregation and knowledge diffusion within the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, bolstering these processes by 10.5% and 14.8%, respectively, and exhibiting significant spatial spillover effects. This indicates that the policy not only attracts talent to specific regions but also encourages the spread of knowledge beyond the immediate geographical boundaries of the targeted areas. Second, heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effectively enhances talent aggregation and knowledge spillover in central cities, with no significant influence observed in peripheral cities. This disparity suggests that central cities, with their advanced infrastructure and economic opportunities, are better positioned to capitalize on the benefits of the integration policy. Furthermore, from a demographic perspective, the policy exhibits a more pronounced positive effect on talent aggregation and knowledge spillovers in medium- and large-scale cities. This trend underscores the importance of city size and demographic factors in the successful implementation of integration policies. Third, mechanistic analysis indicates that the beneficial impacts of the policy on talent concentration are more pronounced in cities characterized by higher levels of urbanization, investment, market integration, education, income level, public service provision, and transportation infrastructure. These factors collectively create an environment conducive to talent attraction and retention, amplifying the effects of the integration policy. Furthermore, the policy has significantly enhanced talent agglomeration by increasing the stock of human capital, highlighting the role of education and skill development in fostering regional economic growth. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for urban agglomerations aiming to spearhead the high-quality advancement of regional economies. By revealing the intrinsic laws and influence mechanisms of regional integration policy, the findings offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to optimize talent policies and promote sustainable economic development. The empirical evidence highlights the importance of targeted policy interventions that consider the unique characteristics of different urban areas, thereby ensuring a balanced and inclusive approach to regional development. Future research should continue to explore the long-term effects of integration policies and their potential to drive innovation and economic resilience in an increasingly interconnected world.

Based on the analytical framework of geographical philosophy, this study investigated the production process at different stages, overall laws, ideological inspiration, and future issues of geographical knowledge production and practice in China. The main findings are as follows: First, philosophy is an important foundation supporting the production of geographical knowledge. The production of geographical knowledge should be seen as a process of content division and succession, in which new knowledge is gradually accumulated and there is movements towards wholeness. Second, in geographical knowledge production, geography reflects the actuality of knowledge through manifested features and reflects the reality of knowledge through unexpressed features. Geographical knowledge production exists dynamically in practice. Exploring the driving forces and processes of geographical knowledge production in practice can facilitate the comprehension of the existence and essence of geography. Only by coordinating stage differences in geography to achieve universal awareness can the effective function and ultimate pursuit of geographical philosophy be reflected. Third, in the future, China will inevitably enter a complex stage of development and practice, and "overlapping China" will require even more "overlapping geographical knowledge". Knowledge production and practice of geography require a comprehensive perspective that integrates wisdom from different temporal and spatial dimensions, establishment of clear philosophical ontology, epistemology, and methodology based on the changes and demands of the times, actively promoting the localization of geographical philosophy system construction to serve national strategic needs and high-quality socioeconomic development more effectively.