Typhoons are extreme weather phenomena that seriously affect the daily lives of residents and regular functioning of society. As one of the most typhoon-prone countries in the world, China is constantly affected by typhoons and their secondary disasters, which can cause significant casualties and economic losses. The extent of damage caused by typhoons is inversely proportional to the effectiveness of the emergency response. Therefore, accurate and comprehensive access to damage information is critical for rescue and recovery. Social media, which is characterized by low collection costs and rich content, is an important means of collecting disaster information. With the development of social media, it has become increasingly important to accurately and comprehensively identify social media texts related to typhoons. In this study, by combining typhoon attribute data and a multi-label classification method with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) models, a typhoon damage identification method based on Weibo texts and deep learning is proposed to identify the damage caused by severe and super typhoons that made landfall in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2019. First, texts related to typhoon damage were identified from the massive Weibo texts and further classified into five damage categories: transportation, public, electricity, forestry, and waterlogging. The typhoon damage characteristics were comparatively analyzed using spatial distribution, time curves, and quantity curves. The results showed that the accuracy of typhoon damage classification was high, with an F1 score of 0.907 for identifying typhoon damage-related texts and 0.814 for further classifying them into five damage categories. Typhoon attribute data and multi-label classification methods have improved the accuracy and comprehensiveness of typhoon damage identification. Compared to the use of Weibo texts only and the single-label classification method, typhoon attribute data provide information on the geographic context of the typhoon at the time of the texts' release, and the multi-label classification method allows the texts to belong to more than one damage category. This study shows that there are differences in the proportion of damage caused by different typhoons, which are related to the intensity and track of the typhoon, as well as the development level of the affected areas. In addition, before the typhoon makes landfall, precautions lead to transportation and public-related damage. After the typhoon makes landfall, the typhoon damage shows single and double-peak characteristics, and the different characteristics reflect the changing trends and features of typhoon damage. This study provides a scientific basis for typhoon damage identification and disaster relief in Guangdong Province.

Public transportation is a vital means to alleviate urban congestion. Despite substantial investments in public transit infrastructure in China, the development of urban public transportation has been unsatisfactory, with many city residents still favoring car travel. The extensive use of personal vehicles occupies limited road resources, thus exacerbating traffic congestion and environmental pollution. The built environment extensively influences residents' travel choices. Existing studies often describe the characteristics of the built environment from the perspective of the origin, destination, and public transit stops, lacking attention to the out-of-vehicle segments before and after using public transit; moreover, they mainly focus on the built environment faced by transit riders, without fully considering the alternative transit chains for car travelers. Accordingly, this study adopts a trip chain perspective. Combining resident travel surveys and streetscape data from the main urban area of Wuhan, and simulating travel paths using Baidu Maps, this study uses a random forest model to comprehensively analyze the impact of the built environment at the origin, destination, and out-of-vehicle segments on the choice between public transit and private vehicle. The results indicate the following: (1) The performance of the random forest model is superior to that of the traditional Logistic model, and it can reveal the nonlinear relationship between the built environment and travel behavior. At the same time, considering the out-of-vehicle environment also better understands the competitive environment between public transit and private vehicle, thereby improving the model's predictive ability, (2) the built environment is the main factor influencing the preference for public transit, and the out-of-vehicle environment's influence on travelers is no less than that of the built environment at the origin and destination. The preference for transit and built environment factors exhibit a nonlinear relationship, with some factors having different impacts at the origin and destination. Specifically, the population density, intersection density, and transit stop density at the origin and destination have very similar effects on the preference for transit, while the land use mix and job density differ. The proportion of roads and fences in the out-of-vehicle environment show a clear threshold effect, while the proportion of sidewalks and visible green index exhibit a saturation effect. (3) The mechanisms by which the built environment influences the choice of public transit and private vehicle can be summarized into three categories: elastic adjustment, limited support, and direct drive. These findings reveal the effective range of built environment factors in enhancing the attractiveness of transit, providing more rational and precise targeting for policy-making. This study addresses the issue of insufficient detail in the built environment in current research, incorporating the out-of-vehicle environment and alternative modes of travel into the analysis framework of transit preference, providing more intervenable built environment factors to enhance the attractiveness of transit, and offering insights for integrating nonlinear impact relationships into urban planning practice.

High-speed rail (HSR) stations can influence the expansion of the surrounding construction land. However, relevant studies face three main limitations: influence scope estimation lacking a theoretical foundation, less focus on whether the impacts of HSR stations on construction land expansion vary, and misjudgment of the drivers of HSR stations on construction land expansion. To address these research questions, this study first conducts a literature review to theoretically analyze the influence of HSR stations on the surrounding construction land expansion and then identifies the ideal curve for the influence distance of HSR on construction land expansion based on location theory and distance decay theory. Using the 24 stations of the Hainan Roundabout Railway (HRR) as an example, we revealed differences in the influence of various HRR stations on construction land expansion through GIS technology, buffer analysis, and nonlinear fitting to quantitatively analyze the expansion of construction land around HRR stations, identifying the impact range and direction of different HRR stations on the expansion of construction land. Building on the identification of heterogeneous impact results, the study further employed Geodetector to analyze the factors and reasons for the differentiated results of construction land expansion around different HRR stations from four dimensions: attributes of the socioeconomic environment, location conditions, HRR station attributes, and natural conditions. The results show that: (1) after the construction and operation of each HRR station, the surrounding construction land has expanded; the Hainan Eastern Ring HSR (the East Ring) has increased 1.70 km² around each station per year and the Hainan Western Ring HSR (the West Ring) has increased 1.25 km² around each station per year. (2) The changing trend of construction land expansion around 20 of 24 HRR stations conforms to the ideal curve, with the impact range of construction land expansion concentrated within 0.5 km-3.5 km, and the influence intensity of impact ranging from 0.06 km² to 6.64 km². (3) The impact directions of construction land expansion around 20 HRR stations are mainly in three types of directions: "HSR-main urban area," "HSR-town center," and "HSR-scenic spot." This is because the expansion of construction land around HRR stations is not only influenced by the spillover effects of the stations, but also by the traction effect of the main urban areas, town centers, or tourist areas where the HRR stations are located. The stations along the East Ring of Hainan mainly expanded towards the main urban areas, whereas the stations along the West Ring of Hainan mainly expanded towards town centers. (4) Differences in the scope of the influence of each HRR station on the surrounding construction land expansion were mainly related to several variables, ordered as follows: socioeconomic environment, location conditions, attributes of the HRR station, and natural conditions. The GDP density of the towns where the HRR stations were located had the highest impact intensity at 0.51, followed by population density at 0.49, whereas the average elevation had the lowest impact intensity at 0.12. This study analyzed the mechanism and ideal curve of construction land expansion around HSR stations, establishing a logical basis for studying the spillover effects of HSR stations. In addition, this study analyzes the various impacts of HSR stations on the expansion of surrounding construction land and the reasons for these differences, providing a scientific basis for the current operation and future location of HSR stations. This study also offers methodological insights into the impacts of other infrastructures on the expansion of construction land in surrounding areas.

Livelihood capital is the core element of sustainable livelihood development for rural households. Based on the survey data of 615 growers in the main rubber-producing areas of Hainan and Yunnan province, this paper constructs an evaluation system of rubber growers' livelihood capital within the sustainable livelihood analysis framework and calculates key indicators, such as farmers' livelihood capital index, livelihood activity diversity index, and household income diversity index. The multiple regression model and the mediating effect model are used to explore the influence mechanism of livelihood capital on the sustainable livelihood of rural households. The following three conclusions are drawn: (1) The accumulation of livelihood capital of rural households is conducive to enriching the structure of household livelihood activities and income sources, especially the accumulation of financial capital, which is more likely to improve the diversity of household livelihood activities. Regional differences exist in the impact of livelihood capital structures on rural household livelihood outcomes. Natural capital endowment has a significant effect on the income diversification level in Hainan, but there may be a "curse" effect in Yunnan. (2) Geographical characteristics, production decisions, and farming household characteristics significantly impact sustainable livelihoods. The altitude of the village and the distance from the county seat pose certain challenges for farmers in diversifying their livelihoods. Although the law of rubber tapping production may weaken farmers' production and business activities, it can better stabilize farmers' incomes owing to its strong flexibility in labor arrangements, which may be beneficial for diversifying livelihoods; however, it does not necessarily lead to diversified incomes. While the characteristics of poor households can help rural households gain policy support, building capacity is the key to achieving a sustainable livelihood. (3) There are intermediary effects of livelihood capital on livelihood activities and household income, but the mechanisms of action are different. For the diversity of farmers' livelihoods, 52.70% of the catalytic effect of livelihood capital is achieved by improving the ability to integrate livelihood capital. Optimizing household employment strategies contributed to the promotion of livelihood capital on the income diversification index, with a mediating effect of 30.52%. The main contribution of this study is to clarify how livelihood capital can achieve the goal of diversifying household livelihood activities and income by coordinating livelihood capacity and employment strategies. Therefore, to enhance the comprehensive livelihood capacity of rural households, the coordination capacity of livelihood capital, livelihood capacity building should be enhanced, and employment information channels should be expanded.

The construction of specialty towns is positioned as an important breakthrough and down-to-the-ground path in the implementation of China's new-type urbanization strategy. It highlights the roles of place-based industrial specialization and agglomeration economics. In this process, the Chinese government plays a supportive and guiding role in enabling and aligning multiple actors to engage with to build new platforms for innovation and entrepreneurial activities that integrate the functions of production, living, and ecology. The specialty towns construction strategy is aimed at promoting people-based urbanization and the regional ability of endogenous development. Given the "top-down" and standardization-led nature of the specialty towns policy program, implementation and practices at the local level are both challenging and problematic. This paper adopts perspectives and concepts from evolutionary economic geography and agglomeration economics to explore the antecedents and mechanisms of urbanization. It emphasizes the geographical spatiality of the program in local implementation. Taking 134 provincial specialty towns of Zhejiang province as research cases, the paper refers to a mixed set of methodologies of on-site, interview-based fieldwork; an online survey; and a document analysis to identify the historical foundations, industry attributes, and development objectives of the specialty towns. It also generates a typology of the 134 specialty towns, as well as a typological guideline regarding policy intervention for the broader implementation of specialty towns in China. Three main types of specialty towns are identified in our study: The first type is built on the basis of state-led, sci-tech industrial parks/new towns, whose development aims are oriented toward the development of new industrial paths. The second type is based on firm-led specialized markets located in small administrative towns that support the upgrading and renewal of existing local traditional industries. The third type is featured by the local presence of place-specific natural or sociocultural resources, and it is based on scenic spots. It is oriented to the development of the tourism economy. In conclusion, this study promotes the incorporation of evolutionary economic geography perspectives into the policy implementation of specialty towns and calls for taking the concepts of history, space, and place into account for a better understanding of these towns. By so doing, future policy methods will not be standardized, quota-based, and top-down.

With the rapid development, shared bicycles have gradually become an important part of slow urban traffic in China and have played an important role in satisfying the travel needs and facilitating the transfer of residents. Exploring the spatial and temporal characteristics of the impact of the built environment on shared bike travel is of practical importance to reshape the construction of low-carbon transportation and an urban-friendly cycling environment dominated by slow traffic and public transportation. We analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of shared bicycle travel through multi-source big data including Shenzhen's shared bicycle OD data, OSM road network data, Baidu Street View, and POIs and used a multi-scale geographical weighted regression model (MGWR) based on the "5D" index of the built environment to analyze the spatial difference characteristics of the impact of different built environment on shared bicycle flow. The findings of the research indicate that: (1) In terms of time, the shared bicycle flow in the morning and evening peaks of both working and rest days is more significant than that of other periods, and the peak period of the remaining days lags behind that of the working days. (2) In terms of space, the spatial distribution characteristics of the traffic flow of shared bicycles during each peak period exhibit a spatial pattern of "multiple aggregation cores and several extended belts." (3) Significant differences were observed in the impact of various built environmental factors on the flow of shared bicycle travel, among which, employment facility density, enclosure degree and population density had a positive effect in each period; their influences were globally significant; and the remaining factors demonstrated varied characteristics in each period. (4) Factors with significant influence showed different spatial scales in different periods. The spatial changes of employment facility density and enclosure in each period were generally flat; the spatial changes of proximity, density of shopping facilities, and the nearest distance to subway stations in some periods were generally flat; the spatial changes of building continuity and relative walking width were obvious in some periods. Moreover, population density and green vision rate had different spatial characteristics in different periods. This study restores the travel track of shared bicycles, analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of shared bicycle travel in multiple periods of working days and rest days and long-term series, and increases micro-built environment factors of subjective perception of people and experience dimension based on existing objective material space environment variables, to explore the spatiotemporal differences of the impact of different built environments on the travel flow of shared bicycles which compensate for the existing shared-bike travel time and space characteristics, build a shortage of environmental impact research, and provide references for the construction of an urban-friendly cycling environment and the creation of a slow walking space.

In the context of county urbanization, research on the modes and mechanisms of rural families' education in county cities is of great significance for overall urban and rural development and optimization of county governance systems. Combining the two theoretical lines of production and consumption in the study of gentrification of education, this paper puts forward a research framework for the analysis of the phenomenon of rural families' education in county cities at the county level. This study adopts the method of semi-structured interviews and participatory observation, and analyzes the different modes and deep mechanisms of rural families education in the county city from the perspectives of different participants, such as the government, markets, schools, and families. The research reveals the following: 1) Owing to the differences in family capital accumulation and family development strategies, rural families have varied modes of education in the city, which can be divided into mobile, settlement, and isolation education in the county city. 2) Several considerations for future development contribute to the differentiated choice between housing and renting among urban residents. Concurrently, with the end of their children's education, the county seat, at the forefront of urbanization, lacks the core power to retain people, thus prompting a certain degree of population return and outflow. 3) Urban education is jointly promoted by the government, capital, schools, individuals, and other parties, among which the local government, as the authority subject, is the core promoter of urban education. Real estates, intermediary companies, and private schools have participated in and promoted the flow of educational capital. The basic logic behind promoting urban education is the reproduction of family-oriented education. 4) Paying attention to the development demands of urban groups is the basic essence of returning to human-centered new urbanization and the essential requirement to alleviate the negative effects of education in county cities. Returning to the original definition and characteristics of educational gentrification, this study discusses the phenomenon of education entering a county city at the county level. First, it is difficult to reach a consensus on the definition of middle class. Second, by thinking about the phenomenon of education in the county city, we can see that rural family education in the county city is different from the educational gentrification discussed in the past, which is a discussion and extension of the existing concept of educational gentrification. Moreover, social characteristics such as mobility, rent-to-buy differentiation, and identity differences have obvious impacts on the process of urbanization in Taihe County. However, there has been insufficient discussion on the specific process of the spatial displacement of county families into urban families, high-income families into low-income families, and local residents into migrant residents. In the future, this phenomenon can be further explored based on multiple types of data, such as real estate agent, community household status, and interview text. This research focuses on county towns, from the theoretical perspective of educational gentry into the city, to explore the mode and effect mechanism of rural family education into the county city, as well as the differences between the traditional concept of educational gentry and the phenomenon of education into the county city in the context of county towns, further promoting the high-quality development of urbanization at the present stage as well as promoting social equity and justice to provide reference.

This study provides an in-depth understanding of the islands and sandbars within the Xisha Islands, located in the South China Sea, with the aim of distinguishing them based on different geological, ecological, and historical features. The changes in the marine ecosystem and the conservation measures taken to maintain the rich biodiversity of the archipelago are also explored. The main objective of this study was to differentiate islands and sandbars based on geological, ecological, and historical criteria and to examine the period of formation, geological features, and altitudinal characteristics of these terrains. The dynamic characteristics of sandbars were explored as the basis of island formation by focusing on their sensitivity to external environmental factors and assessing the presence of vegetation and human activities. The overall implications of these findings for marine life and conservation efforts on the Paracel Islands were analyzed. To achieve these objectives, geological investigations, historical documentation, and ecological assessments were combined. Key methods included geochronological analysis to date the formation of the islands and sandbars, assessment of elevation and geological composition to analyze the vegetation cover on these terrains, and a review of the historical documentary record to gain insights into human activities and investigate the marine ecosystem and its biodiversity. The geological studies revealed that islands are usually formed over a long period of time (approximately 4000 years or more) and above the water surface, with beach rocks formed around them and a large amount of coral detritus accumulating on the embankment, which in turn forms a sand dike encompassing the dyke and the coastline. This protects the embankment and coastline, making the island expand in size, increase in elevation slowly and become more stable, and the landscape less susceptible to deformation. In contrast, sandbars are relatively young (within the last 3,000 years) and low in elevation, are often inundated at high tides, and are more dynamic, including accretion and erosion, making them vulnerable to environmental changes. Vegetation grows on these islands and sandbars and planted vegetation is a prominent feature. Increased vegetation cover enhances the stability, height, and area of these terrains and plays a vital role in ecological conservation. This study also presents findings on the overall declining trend in marine organisms such as corals, sea turtles, and seabirds in the Xisha Islands, the causes of which are mainly related to anthropogenic (e.g., fishing) and natural (e.g., climatic causes such as typhoons and biological causes such as reduction in food availability) factors. In addition, the Government of Sansha Municipality (a special administrative region overseeing the Xisha Islands) in China has implemented the following measures: artificially cultivating marine plants, setting up marine life protection stations, establishing marine life nature reserves, and stepping up the fight against illegal hunting, which are examples of a series of effective measures that emphasize the need to strengthen comprehensive conservation measures in the face of increasingly severe environmental challenges. This study helps understand the geological and ecological characteristics of the Xisha Islands and provides an important reference for ongoing marine conservation efforts. This methodology for distinguishing between islands and sandbars based on different criteria lays the foundation for further research on biodiversity and environmental changes in the area. In addition, this study highlights the importance of maintaining fragile ecosystems in the face of mounting environmental challenges. Overall, this comprehensive study of the islands and sandbars of the Paracel Islands highlights the dynamic nature of these terrains, the influence of vegetation on their stability, and the need to strengthen integrated measures for marine conservation efforts in the South China Sea.

In China, the equal accessibility of social infrastructure, especially public housing and healthcare, has become a prominent concern in solving the problems of rapid but uneven growth-oriented urbanization in the post-reform era. However, few studies have focused on the accessibility of various healthcare resources to different types of public housing using different transport modes. Utilizing Internet map services, this study first calculated the travel time from talent, economically affordable, and public rental housing to hospitals using three transport modes—walking, public transport, and driving—in Shenzhen, China. Subsequently, the optimized two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA) was employed to comprehensively evaluate the accessibility of healthcare resources to public housing and explore differences in healthcare accessibility among different populations. The results reveal that: (1) Public housing is located far away from healthcare resources, with 15% of public housing unable to access AAA hospitals within 30 minutes by car, and only 10% able to access ordinary hospitals within 15 minutes. (2) Accessibility of healthcare resources to public housing exhibits spatial heterogeneity, gradually declining from special to non-special economic zones. (3) Talent housing experiences the best accessibility, followed by affordable and public rental housing. (4) Public transportation and walking exhibit greater spatial variation in accessibility than driving. Theoretically, the current public housing accessibility in Shenzhen reflects the common problems of public housing accessibility throughout the country. In the process of promoting the equal accessibility of basic public services, focus on its accessibility should be emphasized. This study proposes an optimized 2SFCA by introducing a Gaussian distance decay function, establishing a multilevel search radius, considering supply and demand-side competition effects, and using real-time traffic big data. Our methodological framework simultaneously considers differences among various types of public housing, hospitals with different service capacities, and diverse travel modes. This provides a new research perspective for a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the equal accessibility of basic public services.

The transformation and reconstruction of traditional villages into "post-rural" tourism communities constitute a primary pathway for achieving modernization in rural areas on the outskirts of large metropolitan areas and advancing countryside revitalization. The evolutionary process of this transition also serves as an important perspective for understanding the socio-economic development of rural areas in China. We selected Chengdu Bamboo Craft Village as a case study, employing a comprehensive rural spatial framework based on the "rural locality—representations of the rural—everyday lives of the rural." Grounded in a multi-dimensional analysis perspective of "capital—power—individual," it dissects the multi-dimensional spatial reproduction process of "post-rural" tourism communities, aiming to provide support for exploring the spatial evolution, relational changes, and governance practices of rural tourism destinations under the backdrop of capital invest in rural areas. The main conclusions drawn are as follows: (1) The tourism development and governance of Bamboo Craft Village went through two phases and two models, transitioning from the lease-operation tourism model formed by early external enterprises to the later community-based tourism model established by social work organizations. The convergence of these two models achieved the synergy of internal and external driving forces, promoting sustainable tourism development in Bamboo Craft Village. (2) Under the lease-operation tourism model, external enterprises became the dominant power in the representations of the rural, shaping the representation of the rural as the main dimension in the triple space. Through top-down institutional construction, village space production was guided to realize the tourism concept of external enterprises. (3) The community-based tourism model clarified the position of the community as the major subject of everyday life in the tourism development of Bamboo Craft Villages. Under the empowerment and co-power philosophy, the introduction of social work organizations enhanced the tourism participation efficiency and governance level of the village subject, ensuring its discourse power in rural space production. (4) The spatial production system of "post-rural" tourism communities is jointly driven by order discourse subjects and everyday lives subjects. The issuance and response to rural revitalization policies from the national to local levels serve as external opportunities driving the transformation of traditional villages into tourism, where external enterprises intervene in rural space reconstruction for capital appreciation and recycling under policy guidance, constructing the envisioned development prospects of rural tourism communities at a macro level. Facing increased urban-rural migration, "post-rural" communities are actively adapting to both the benefits and drawbacks of modern influences. Additionally, the guiding role of short video media in the visual consumption era promotes landscape production and visual consumption in the Bamboo Craft Village. The fundamental driving force of "post-rural" spatial production is formed by the combined feedback of bottom-up subject actions and the visual consumption demands of tourists at the micro level. This study further expands the localization empirical research of the three-fold model of rural space, which helps guide the healthy development of rural tourism communities in the suburbs of metropolitan areas and achieves the dual purpose of promoting rural economic development and optimizing social ecology.

Ecological restoration zoning is the concept of carrying out ecological restoration scientifically. In existing zoning studies, an effective technical solution is to use ecosystem service supply and ecological security pattern analysis as starting points. These studies have mostly focused on the negative ecological effects of high-intensity human activities and are still essentially focused on at-risk areas. Zoning is used for identification, the potential for effective regional ecological restoration is not considered systematically, and there is insufficient support for the theory and practice of ecological restoration. However, ecological restoration is a product of human society and economic processes of input and output. In addition to accurately identifying ecological risk areas, research on restoration zones should also consider regional ecological protection policies and economic differences to increase investment in environmental protection and improve the effectiveness of ecological protection in a targeted manner. Based on the current paradigm, the spatio-temporal matching of social economy and natural resources is taken into consideration, to realize the optimization of an ecological restoration zoning technical scheme. Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example, a regional framework for the ecological restoration of land space based on ecological background pattern and potential was constructed. The results show that ecosystem services have declined significantly in the past ten years, and there are areas with good natural resilience and strong support from protection policies. Township as the unit of ecological restoration zoning. 1) The ecological maintenance area accounts for 7.7% of the total area, and focus should be on comprehensive improvement to promote economic and ecological sustainability. 2) The ecological protection area accounts for 44.5%, and focus should be on protection and stronger policy control. 3) The ecological improvement area account for 11.9%, and diversified and continuous maintenance measures should be adopted to strengthen the redundancy of regional ecological network. 4) The ecological restoration area accounts for 35.9%, and the priority for restoration should be areas with high natural resilience and policy support, and should mainly comprise long-term restoration projects. The coordinated restoration area has a high natural restoration; however, the policy support is insufficient. Cooperation with higher-level governments or with regional joint governance should be initiated to improve efficiency of the overall restoration in the region.

Inspired by the article co-authored by Christian Kesteloot and Lorenzo Bagnoli, this paper proposes three bases for the integration of physical geography and human geography. First, the ontologies faced by the two academic groups need to be close; second, the two academic groups must embrace each other's methodology; and third, the organization of scientific research operation should be conducive to integration. In order to better demonstrate these three integration bases, this paper considers the case of color control in the central city of Beijing, and analyzes the difference research approaches of physical geographers and human geographers when they face this practical issue in the absence of these three bases, as well as trends in their divergence.

As urban development progresses, the complex phenomenon of city shrinkage increases. Perforated shrinkage is a leading pattern within Chinese cities. In this study, the Qingshan District in Wuhan (including its chemical industrial area) is considered as a representative case of a large metropolitan area experiencing perforated shrinkage. Through the use of methods such as spatial syntax, Point Of Interest (POI) analysis, and word frequency analysis, the study examines material and social spatial connections to verify the existence of an "island effect". The following results were obtained: 1) Analysis of the topological relationships within the Wuhan metropolitan development area and the interior regions of the Qingshan District reveals that Qingshan has low global and local integration values as well as choice metrics, indicating issues related to roadway accessibility and uneven distribution of transportation facilities. This leads to weak internal and external material spatial connections. Additional kernel density analysis of public facility POIs indicates poor and uneven infrastructure distribution in Qingshan. Additionally, questionnaire surveys and word frequency analysis suggest deficiencies in the area's external attractiveness and independent development at the policy level. These factors interact and contribute collectively to the island effect within Qingshan District. 2) Recognizing the similarities in the developmental background and policy frameworks between other domestic cities experiencing perforated shrinkage and the Qingshan District, this study infers that the island effect is a characteristic of metropolitan areas showing perforated shrinkage and is closely tied to institutional factors within Chinese urban areas. 3) The phenomenon of metropolitan perforated shrinkage and spatial connections have an interactive relationship, leading to the emergence of regional island effects. These island effects underscore the importance of coordinated internal development within the region, providing novel perspectives for managing urban shrinkage. For instance, cities should accelerate the development of transportation networks and construction of public spaces to avert feelings of isolation and closure at the spatial connection level, addressing the problem of unbalanced development with prompt promotion of policies emphasizing cooperation and talent attraction. This study's exploration and findings on the mechanisms and impacts of the isolation caused by perforated shrinkage highlight the urgency for better-coordinated development plans. This study presents innovative ways to address urban shrinkage aimed at improved urban infrastructural connectivity, equitable development, and resilient urban planning.

The phenomenon of population aging has become an important issue affecting the sustainable economic and social development of China's countryside, but few studies exist within the academic community on the sustainable livelihoods of rural elderly farmers in areas of poverty alleviation. Based on a 2022 field survey in Guzhang County, Hunan Province, this study examined the sustainable livelihood pathways of elderly rural farmers in these areas through non-participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and grounded theory methods of textual analysis. Study findings show that in the face of rural hollowing out caused by the outflow of the young labor force due to rapid urbanization, a large number of rural elderly farmers in poverty alleviation areas are facing the livelihood dilemma of rural pension structure constraints and the rational choice of agriculture. The background for this situation involves the insufficiency of the original pension model and multiple welfare sources, a shortage of medical and health service facilities, and the transformation of intergenerational relations. Therefore, based on the advantages of rural social networks in poverty alleviation areas in the three active aging dimensions of health, participation, and guarantee, this paper presents a sustainable livelihood research paradigm in which the individual, rural, and socioeconomic networks and rural production-living-ecological space of elderly farmers in poverty alleviation areas coordinate with each other. The paper also introduces a logical framework for the sustainable livelihood of elderly farmers that is consistent with the goal of rural revitalization through the thrust of nearby urbanization. Specific sustainable livelihood paths integrating individual spaces include the following: 1) at the individual level, through the individual livelihood behavior and livelihood capital of elderly farmers dynamically adjusting to the corresponding sources of welfare and livelihood modes with changes in the life cycle, 2) at the field space level, through the sixth industry,, integrated development of modern factors intervening in the establishment of rural market industrial support to cope with aging, and 3) at the territorial space level, according to the rural elderly. The social circle structure of rural households is used to reshape the living, production, and ecological aging life circle. This study analyzed the sustainable livelihood paths of rural elderly farmers in poverty alleviation areas from individual to spatial perspectives The findings provide a theoretical basis and practical references for the revitalization of rural people in these areas in the era of rapid aging.

Using fieldwork, this study investigated the endogenous issues of fishermen's livelihood vulnerability on Naozhou Island, Guangdong. Existing literature shows that current studies focus on external factors such as the resource reduction, climate impact, policy changes, and fishermen's mode of operation to explore the vulnerability of fishermen's livelihoods to reveal the resource-based impacts of fishermen's livelihood difficulties and to explain the impacts of exogenous factors on fishermen's livelihoods. However, to some extent, these studies have neglected fishermen's internal problems and failed to understand fishermen's perspective on whether the improvement of capital can offset fishermen's production inputs and improve their production relations. The study on Naozhou island found that the existing studies have ignored the endogenous problems of the fishermen's livelihood vulnerability; in the era of collective economy, each fisherman's family had a small boat, but the fishermen joined together to work for the "state" on a big boat. Currently, the market economy has ordered this type of cooperative relationship to disappear. Owing to the characteristics of marine fishing operations, everyone must help each other in cases of difficulties when going to sea. In the same boat, the crew members may be immediate or distant family members to avoid malicious harm. However, if production tools require high investment and fishery resources are scarce, cooperation is no longer important. Whoever has more money to purchase large ships has a greater opportunity to control the scarce fishery resources, which is essentially the change in production tools that led to a breakdown in production relations. Although fishermen still talk about traditional relatives' contact, the situation of "As soon as the ship arrives, there is nothing left" has made fishermen realize that competition is the essence of relationships in their fishing villages. Fishermen's mobility, combined with the outflows and reflows created by various realities at the time of the survey, further demonstrates that fishermen, as the labor force, are not able to participate in the market competition of labor factors, nor are they able to get rid of the fishing skills inherited from their parents. They want to leave behind their status as fishermen but have to rely on the status of fishermen for basic labor security. All of these aggregate into endogenous forces, ranging from the inputs of fishermen's production tools and their own skills to the ambiguity of their age and identity. This constitutes an endogenous mechanism for the vulnerability of fishermen's livelihoods, which offers a disincentive effect of institutional arrangements on fishermen's withdrawal from marine production and exacerbates the predatory exploitation of marine resources fueled by modern consumer markets. Consequently, it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of marine ecological protection policies. Research has shown that, based on Marx's theory of Productivity and Relations of Production, the vulnerability of fishermen's livelihoods is inherent in their own insurmountable rapid increase in productivity and their failure to establish relations of production that are adapted to the needs of productivity, which creates tensions in human–sea relations. Therefore, to solve the vulnerability of fishermen's livelihoods, it is necessary to start from the cultural specificities of fishermen, reform their relations of production from the inside out, update their skills, establish effective organizations, and gradually alleviate the tensions in human–sea relations to construct a community with a shared future for mankind and the ocean.

Knowledge of the evolutionary characteristics of urban functional centers and their formation mechanisms is a prerequisite for promoting urban renewal and optimizing these centers. Taking the central urban area of Suzhou as an example, the driving mechanisms of spatial-temporal differentiation were determined through examining long-term data of urban points of interest, kernel density estimation, and location entropy. The findings are as follows. First, the spatial distribution of urban functional centers evolves from a monocentric to a polycentric pattern, with a significant pattern of primary and secondary differential order. In the case of Suzhou, the city has evolved from a single center to a multi-center functional system with one main center and four sub-centers, which is in accordance with the layout of the functional centers determined by the urban master plan. Second, The services of functional centers shift from public function to a dominance of lifestyle function and then to consumer dominance, which supports the trend of the transformation into a consumption-oriented city. The spatial differentiation of the dominant function types of each center is significant, with both a complementary division of labor and a corresponding trend of functional specialization. Under China's unique governance system, the intervention of planning policies is bound to have a significant impact on the spatial and temporal differentiation of urban functional centers. Therefore, based on the perspective of urban planning and policy, we have constructed an analytical framework for the evolution of functional centers at multiple scales and with multiple actors acting together. Macro policies are transmitted downward through national strategies and regional plans to guide the overall evolution of space and functions; at the meso policy level, the active local government builds a blueprint plan through planning tools, such as development plans and urban master plans, links with market mechanisms, and carries out urban management to promote the generation of multiple functional centers in the city. At the micro-policy level, action policies such as urban function relocation, spatial regeneration, and the creation of special spaces in new towns are coordinated to promote the function relocation and agglomeration of functional centers in the city. Multi-scale planning policies jointly construct a nested mechanism to drive the evolution of functional centers; however, the degree of spatial and temporal matching between planning policies and market mechanisms determines the formation and evolution paths of functional centers. The mismatch between the "blueprint" approach of urban planning and the flexibility of the market mechanism, the failure of the transmission of planning policies at the upper and lower levels, or the change of planning can cause a bias in the generation and evolution of functional centers. The contribution of this study is, first, to establish a spatial and temporal cognitive framework for the evolution of functional centers and to explore the evolutionary pattern of the dominant function types of functional centers based on fine-grained data. We found that the dominant functions of urban functional centers in the case study area go through an evolutionary process of "public function-living function-consumption function". A similar process has not yet been documented in other cities, underscoring the need to verify the model through multi-case comparisons. Second, the special urban governance environment in China requires that researchers and planners view policy interventions at multiple scales in order to fully understand the spatial and temporal evolution of urban functional centers and so establish a policy cognitive framework for the evolution of functional centers. Understanding the role of planning policy interventions forms the basis for the subsequent implementation of targeted planning interventions.

Globally, the surfing tourism industry has matured, as has the research in this sector. In recent years, surfing tourism in China has been favored by domestic risk preference tourists because it can meet the demand for adventure sports tourism, and a number of surfing tourism resorts have emerged. However, domestic-related theoretical research is obviously insufficient. Utilizing the theories of risk edge and emotion evaluation theory and taking Riyue Bay, Wanning City (Hainan Province) as the research area, tourists were surveyed in order to ascertain emotion and experience as factors to incorporate in a structural equation model. The intermediary effect analysis method was applied to explore the impact mechanism of risk perception on the intention of surfing tourists to revisit, in order to provide theoretical support and countermeasures for the sustainable development of domestic surfing tourism. The data collected in this study were verified as representational, reliable, and effective, and the model fitted the data well. Based on the results, the following two conclusions can be drawn. 1) On the one hand, risk perception has a significant direct and positive impact on emotional arousal of the surfer, and emotion plays a completely intermediary role in the impact of risk perception on intention to revisit; that is, risk perception has no significant direct impact on intention to revisit, which is in agreement with some studies and contradicts others. On the other hand, experience quality plays an intermediary role in the influence of emotion on revisit intention, and the intermediary effect is slightly higher than the direct effect. These conclusions indicate that surfing tourism operators should not only fully mobilize the positive emotions of surfers, but also find ways to let surfers obtain a higher-quality surfing tourism experience to better attract repeat visitors. In order to promote the sustainable development of surfing tourism in Riyue Bay, Wanning City, we make the following suggestions. First, risk preference tourists should be considered the main target audience in marketing. Second, management norms should be established for surfing clubs (stores) and evaluation mechanisms for surfing coaches. Third, safety supervision should be strengthened to enhance the surfing experience. Lastly, surfers should be helped to successfully surf and stimulate positive emotions. Although there are still some limitations, these preliminary results advance the field of risk perception in tourism, both in theory and in practice.

As the owners of tourism resources and influencers of tourism development in a destination, residents' attitudes play a significant role in the development of tourism in the exploration stage. During this first stage in the life cycle of a tourism site, residents support changes significantly owing to the influence of tourism development. However, many scholars have focused on the development, consolidation, and maturation stages of tourism development, with the exploration stage often being neglected due to its less obvious performance characteristics. Therefore, the applicability of current research findings to the exploratory stage is highly questionable. To address this issue, this study selected Beigang Village in Haikou City, which is currently in the exploratory stage, as a case site. Using the behavioral decision theory and a quantitative research method, we explored the influence of the following factors on residents' tourism support in the exploratory stage: tourism development potential perception, positive influence perception, negative influence perception, sense of place, and residents' support. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) During the exploration stage of tourism development, tourism development potential perception, positive and negative impact perception, and sense of place significantly impact resident support. In addition, tourism development potential perception is a key core factor, which not only influences residents' support through direct and mediated effects but also has different effects on residents' tourism impact perception and sense of place. (2) Tourism development potential perception has a moderating effect on the relationship between sense of place and positive impact perception. For residents with a stronger sense of place, their tourism development potential perception has a significant positive effect on positive impact perception; for residents with a weaker sense of place, their tourism development potential perception does not influence their positive impact perception. (3) Both rational and irrational factors played a role in the residents' subjective decisions during the exploration stage. Overall, this study constructs a conceptual model of resident support in the exploration stage and analyzes the relationships between tourism development potential perception, positive and negative influence perception, sense of place, and resident support. Moreover, it plays a guiding role in the development of tourism destinations in the exploration stage and suggests that local governments and tourism developers should take active steps to improve residents' support for sustainable tourism development.

In the era of the knowledge economy, with the increasing role of knowledge and entrepreneurship in cities, the impact of the urban knowledge environment on entrepreneurship has become an important research topic. Cities are the primary carriers of knowledge and entrepreneurship. However, few studies examine the impact of an urban knowledge environment on entrepreneurship. The impact of the urban knowledge environment on entrepreneurship in China remains unclear. Therefore, this study constructs an urban knowledge environment index from the two aspects of urban knowledge stock and knowledge infrastructure, measures the spatial distribution characteristics of the knowledge environment index of 275 cities at the prefecture level and above in China, and analyzes its impact using a spatial regression model. The results show that: (1) The urban knowledge environment index in the eastern coastal areas is relatively high, while that in the central and western areas is relatively low. Cities in major urban agglomerations, such as the Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Chengdu Chongqing urban agglomerations, have a high urban knowledge environment. The level of urban knowledge environment in provincial capitals and above is relatively high, whereas it is relatively low in general, prefecture-level cities. (2) Urban knowledge environments promote entrepreneurship. When other factors are controlled, entrepreneurship increases by 0.239% for every 1% increase in the urban knowledge environment index. (3) Spatial heterogeneity exists in the influence of the urban knowledge environment on entrepreneurship, and its marginal effect differs among cities in different regions and levels. Cities in the east had higher values than those in the central and western regions, and cities at or above the provincial capital level in the same region had higher values than ordinary prefecture-level cities. Among these, the increase in entrepreneurship caused by improving the knowledge environment index of cities at the provincial capital level and above is the largest, nearly three times higher than that of the eastern, central, western, and general cities. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the development of urban entrepreneurship in China in the new era by revealing the internal laws and impact mechanisms of the urban knowledge environment.

Short-term rentals are the primary drivers of transnational mobility for gentrifiers in the 21^st-century. Airbnbification, pioneered by transnational hosts, has emerged in two Pacific small island developing states: Fiji and Vanuatu. Analyzing Airbnbification models driven by transnational hosts in Fiji and Vanuatu is necessary to explore the heterogeneity and internal logic of the social composition of the short-term rental market in marginal areas. Based on the transnational gentrification perspective, this study explores Airbnbification in Pacific small island developing states through an online survey and in-depth interviews with overseas Chinese hosts in Fiji and Vanuatu. The results show the following: 1) Based on assets (the position of hosts on the asset-based social scale; the function of the property and ability to benefit from holding the property) and rent gap (rising potential ground rent by the redevelopment of property), four actors-the amateur, the self-employed, the investor, and the professional hosts–have been identified. The continuum of deviation, dissociation, adaptation, and integration was mapped, showing heterogeneity in group attributes, behavioral intentions, and practical actions. The amateur and the self-employed hosts maintain an intermediate position within the social stratification system and the related consumption patterns by managing their housing assets in "long-term-let (loans) to short-term-let." Investor hosts are immobile transnational elites under the Belt and Road Initiative. Instead of adopting a buy-to-leave investment strategy, they are directly or indirectly involved in the operation and management of guesthouses, but with unsatisfactory returns. The professional host uses collective land provided by local chiefs for guesthouse development, construction, and operation and management, without changing land property rights or involving land sales and leases; they share the proceeds according to the operating income, drive indigenous people to operate guesthouses, and promote the local short-term rental market. 2) Transnational hosts are dynamic participants of Airbnbification, maintaining middle-class status or even achieving an upward transition by property ownership or usufruct, demonstrating democratization of the asset-based economy supported by digital platforms, which does not induce direct last-resident displacement, questioning the use of direct displacement as an important core concept of Airbnbification or even gentrification. 3) Short-term rentals in the Pacific small island developing states are relatively low, and short-term rental platforms, to some extent, realize the sharing economy and are gradually moving towards non-standard online accommodation agents. This study explores Airbnbification in two highly tourist-dependent economies not yet affected by over-tourism, goes beyond the typical Western context, clarifies the role of transnational hosts in Airbnbification, and improves its study. It elaborates on the similarities and differences in Airbnbification between Pacific small island developing states and developed countries in Europe and the United States, expanding the Airbnbification theory and contributing to its localization.

With consumerism prevailing in modern cities, their uniqueness and diversity is gradually disappearing. People no longer pay attention to place significance and traditional values. Therefore, the "place" has become a meaningless activity space, which attracted the attention of several disciplines. However, at present, there are few studies on microgeographic units' delocalization from multiple dimensions, and there is a lack of discussion on the relationships between individual attributes such as emotion, social interaction, and consumption with placelessness. Based on the theoretical framework of placelessness, this study analyzed the process and dynamic mechanism of the evolution of the Heyuan Hakka restaurant into a placeless landscape from a micro perspective. The study showed that: 1) The synergy of power, capital, consumption, and operators contributes to the delocalization of restaurants. The government allocates resources through administrative means, such as administrative division adjustment, planning, and system reform, and begins the reconstruction and commercialization of urban space, which is the external driving force for the evolution of local restaurants. 2) In the course of urban development, local restaurants prefer to operate in new urban commercial centers, and they are gradually moving from older towns to achieve higher commercial efficiency. Therefore, the place significance implicit in the location of a restaurant gradually disappears. 3) To meet the needs of modern food consumption, capital has driven the development of restaurant chains and the integration of food across regions, which has inevitably led to the development of more homogeneous restaurants. 4) Operators believe that higher efficiency leads to higher profitability, so they are increasing their focus on the spatial efficiency of their restaurants. Competition for restaurant locations, environmental construction, and chain expansion reflect space production practices. 5) Local restaurants that gradually gather in the urban business center and surrounding areas alienate their relationship with residents, who find it difficult to engage in daily, frequent, social activities and emotional exchanges in such places. 6) Residents' original intimacy toward local restaurants has disappeared, and it has become difficult to establish a stable emotional connection with the new food consumption space. The main contributions of this study are as follows: First, at the micro level, the study explored how the power of modernity has contributed to the development of placelessness in three dimensions and expanded the study of consumption based on the 'human-object-land' relationship. Therefore, this study responds to the consumption research tendency of the new cultural geography based on the behavior, place, material, and the social-cultural mechanism behind it. Second, a processual analysis of the evolution of place into non-place, revealing the interaction between place and socioeconomic culture in the process of its construction, was completed. Third, this study prompts local restaurant operators to think deeply about their traditions and development processes, guiding operators to re-establish the connections between local restaurants and their communities, which will enhance the social value of local restaurants. Finally, this study enriches place theory, which will promote consumption space development. As a manifestation and consumption space of local culture, local restaurants should allow residents, tourists, and other consumers to experience the unique local culture of their region. This study also has value for the construction of urban consumption space.

Housing prices are influenced by various factors, which not only have different intensities but also different scale ranges. As a basic category of geographic research, scale is an important parameter for studying the phenomena, and subdividing the intensity of the effects of different types of influencing factors and spatial scales is of great importance for urban planning. Based on the price data of 3386 commercial housing districts in the central city of Fuzhou in 2021, we used spatial statistics and the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of housing prices and the varying scale effects of influencing factors. The results show that: 1) The housing price in the central city of Fuzhou presents an "inverted U-shaped" curve in the east-west and north-south directions, with symmetry in the east-west direction and large differences in the north-south direction. The spatial pattern is a multi-center urban hierarchy system of "one main center and two sub-centers," and the neighborhoods with high housing prices show the characteristics of "a tendency to gather around the Minjiang River, school district, shopping malls, hospitals and ecological resources." 2) The factors influencing housing prices have distinct spatially heterogeneous and exclusive bandwidths. Building ages, shopping malls, and primary schools are local factors belonging to the street scale; the floor area ratio (FAR) and hospitals are local factors belonging to the district administrative divisions scale; and the subway station, coach station, and university are global factors belonging to the central city of Fuzhou scale. 3) The strengths of the influencing factors, from largest to smallest, are primary schools, building ages, bus stations, shopping malls, FARs, universities, hospitals, and subway stations. Among them, primary schools, bus stations, FARs, and hospitals are positively correlated with housing prices, whereas building ages, shopping malls, universities, and subway stations are negatively correlated with housing prices. These results can provide theoretical basis for urban planners and policymakers. First, urban planning should be based on the principle of "local adaptation," and the planning layout should be adapted to the spatial and distribution patterns of urban housing prices. Second, urban planning needs to account for the function of functional areas for local factors, whereas global factors need to be evaluated and considered on a large-scale spatial scale. Finally, the strength of the influencing factors is also an important aspect of urban planning. For the influencing factors with strong pulling power, such as primary schools, building ages, and shopping malls, the number of resources allocated and the layout of spatial locations need to be planned rationally, and suitable urban planning solutions need to be proposed to finally achieve the goal of steady economic growth and satisfying residents' willingness to buy houses. This study has some limitations related to data acquisition. The analysis of the temporal trends of the influencing factors should be considered in future studies, as well as account for more influencing factors, such as area, floor, and orientation in future research.

In the context of social transformation and urbanization, rural settlements have undergone drastic changes, and some rural settlements, including characteristic settlements, have been declining or even dying out. Research on scale and grade evolution is essential for the optimization of rural settlement spatial patterns and the protection of characteristic settlements. Based on the data of rural settlement patches in Xixiu District in 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study investigates the distribution characteristics and evolution of rural settlement scale in Xixiu District, and analyzes the development and changes occurring in Tunpu settlement during this process by using the rural rank-size rule and settlement scale hierarchy model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1)Overall, the total scale and number of rural settlements show an increasing trend, and the scale of Tunpu settlements continues to increase. The area of Tunpu settlement accounted for more than 20% of the total area of rural settlements in the three periods. (2)The scale distribution of rural settlements in Xixiu District was in accordance with the law of rural rank size. The theoretical values of most rural settlements differ minimally from the actual values, the fitting degree is gradually improved, and the negative exponential distribution characteristics gradually become prominent, showing the distribution characteristics of "first settlement" and "vertical tail." The scale of rural settlements tended to be concentrated in 2000-2010 and balanced in 2010-2020. (3) The spatial distribution of rural settlements in the different grades was relatively stable. The first- and second-grade settlements were mainly distributed in areas with small relief and developed economies, the third-grade settlements were evenly distributed in the area, and the fourth- and fifth-grade settlements were distributed in areas with large relief. The number has evolved from low to high, and at the same time, small-scale and scattered settlements quickly fill the 5-level settlements. Simultaneously, small-scale and scattered settlements quickly fill the 5-level settlements. (4) The Tunpu settlement is an important high-rank and high-scale settlement in Xixiu District. The scale growth of the Tunpu settlement with high rank shows stability, while the scale growth of the Tunpu settlement with low rank shows instability, and the development of rank shows retrogression. There are differences in the scale and grade of development of Tunpu settlements at different military levels. The higher the military level, the better the regional conditions and the higher the scale and grade development of settlements. In the future, Xixiu District should focus on rectifying small-scale and scattered settlement patches, optimizing the layout of settlement land, Playing the role of "leading" settlements, and forming a scientific and reasonable rural settlement scale structure. The development of the Tunpu settlement in the Xixiu District is facing a series of problems. This study discusses the changes in the scale of rural settlements in the study area, which provides a realistic foundation for the classification and protection of Tunpu settlements and the creation of regional characteristic settlements. Additionally, it provides new perspectives for research on the scale of rural settlements and the protection of characteristic settlements.

With the normalization of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, people are encouraged to stay at home as much as possible. This has deeply affected the tourism industry. The tourism market size is decreasing sharply, and the restoration of tourism destinations faces great difficulties. Wuhan, the first city to have fought the COVID-19 pandemic head-on, attracted all Chinese people's attention, as everybody said, "come on, Wuhan!" on social media and lent it great support in fighting the pandemic. People discussed the pandemic, became more aware about Wuhan, made plans to travel to Wuhan after the pandemic, and celebrated the stage victory when Wuhan was reopened, which constitutes a meaningful phenomenon in the tourism industry. To reveal the theoretical relationship between people's empathy and travel willingness, this article crawls the microblog data of Wuhan for one month before and after the reopening, from March 24 to April 23, and introduces the destination image as a mediator variable to reflect people's cognition about Wuhan. Then, the data are analyzed and the theoretical model is tested through qualitative and quantitative methods. The main conclusions are as follows: in the post-pandemic period, people's empathy toward Wuhan is dominated by positive emotions, accounting for 85.09% of responses. Respectively, neutral and negative emotions account for 3.42% and 11.49%, respectively. In addition to Wuhan's traditional image, "oriental cherry," "Wuhan hot-dry noodles," a specialty breakfast meal in the Hubei province, many new images of Wuhan have emerged, such as "hero" and "heroic," owing to its tenacious spirit and deep sacrifices during the pandemic. Generally, people have a strong willingness to travel to Wuhan, and the pandemic has transformed it into a special tourism attraction. Many inspiring emotions have emerged, such as "Wuhan," "come on," "hope," "pandemic," "definitely," "go again," and eat "Wuhan hot-dry noodles." According to the hypothesis model test results, empathy affects travel willingness significantly, however, the direct effect between empathy and travel willingness is completely mediated after the destination image is added, and its effect size is 0.191. In conclusion, the influence of empathy upon tourism willingness is fully implemented with the help of the destination image. Empathy between potential tourists and the destination produces emotional resonance, admiration, and other emotions. Such empathy spurs people's insight about the destination, produces a new destination image, and creates a strong travel willingness. This article clarifies why people travel to a specific destination after a public emergency. Additionally, the results suggest that it is necessary to guide the propagation of positive emotions, and consider the possible impact of emergency upon the destination image, by which the tourism industry may reach its revitalization after the pandemic crisis effectively. For Wuhan, it is a plausible approach to rely on people's empathy in the COVID-19 pandemic, and the new destination image can also stimulate people's travel willingness. Furthermore, many new tourism marketing activities based on the destination image may change, such as "come and enjoy the hot-dry noodles," "come and enjoy the oriental cherry again," and may play unique roles in the restoration of the tourism industry.

Urban green spaces can purify the environment, beautify the landscape, enhance the diversity of the ecosystem, improve the quality of space, and effectively promote public health. Green spaces can also improve residents' mental health by reducing pressure, promoting outdoor exercise, and increasing social capital. The spatial difference in green space distribution aggravates the differences between different social and economic groups and has different effects on their mental health. Many studies have focused on the relationship between the green space scale and mental health; however, only a few have explored the impact of green space structure. It is necessary to study the impact of the quantity and structure of green spaces in different neighborhoods on mental health from the perspective of green space equality. Taking the suburbs of Shanghai as a case area, this study focuses on the impact of neighborhood green space on mental health by integrating a questionnaire survey and multi-source green space data. It measures the quantity and quality of neighborhood green spaces and compares them among different neighborhoods. The quantity of green space is measured by the green space rate in neighborhoods and the NDVI around 1 km distance from neighborhoods. The structure of green space consists of the vegetation community structure, foliar habits, vegetation coverage, and accessibility of parks. Then, we constructed five ordered logit models to analyze the impact of green space scale and structure in high-end, low-end, inner suburban, and outer suburban neighborhoods on the mental health of residents. As this study mainly focuses on residents' green space and mental health, the research also controls for individual socio-economic attributes, activity variables, and neighborhood-built environment variables. The results show that: 1) The scale and structure of green spaces in different neighborhoods were significantly different. The difference in green space in high- and low-end neighborhoods was more significant than that in the inner and outer suburban neighborhoods. For inner suburban neighborhoods, the quantity of green space was better, but the accessibility of parks was lower than that in outer suburban neighborhoods. 2) Increasing the proportion of trees and shrubs in the neighborhood and increasing the accessibility of parks around the neighborhood was beneficial for the residents' mental health. 3) The mental health of residents in low-end neighborhoods was significantly affected by the vegetation coverage in the neighborhood and accessibility of parks. In contrast, residents in high-end neighborhoods were not sensitive to green spaces. 4) Residents in the inner suburban neighborhood were affected by the scale of surrounding green space and vegetation coverage in the neighborhood. In contrast, the green space rate and park accessibility in outer suburban neighborhoods had significant effects on the mental health of residents. Through research on low-end and inner suburban neighborhoods, attention should be paid to greenspace planning in the neighborhood. In contrast, for high-end and outer suburban neighborhoods, attention should be paid to the balance of green space inside and outside the neighborhood. This study considers both quantity and structural indicators of neighborhood green spaces, analyzes the impact of green space on mental health from the perspective of neighborhood differentiation, and enriches previous green space and mental health research that only focused on the measurement indicators of the quantity of green space.

With the rising aging population in China, increasing attention has been paid to the spatial layouts of medical and residential care facilities; however, the accessibility and aging suitability of these facilities have received less attention. Taking Guangdong province as an example, this study used the improved two-step floating catchment area method to measure the accessibility of medical and residential care facilities and summarized their spatial pattern characteristics from four dimensions (1 km, four regions, cities, and counties). A correlation was established between the elderly population density data and their degrees using the autocorrelation analysis method and the Gini coefficient to analyze the aging suitability and equality of medical and residential care facilities. Finally, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the factors influencing the accessibility and equality from three aspects, namely: the natural environment, society, and economy. The following results were obtained: 1) Compared with the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method, the improved two-step floating catchment area method was more accurate in reflecting the accessibility of medical and residential care facilities; this showed that the accessibility of downtown areas was relatively lower and that of the suburbs was relatively higher, and the distribution of accessibility values was more reasonable. The results of the improved two-step floating catchment area method revealed an obvious spatial imbalance in the accessibility of medical and residential care facilities for the elderly and the accessibility of medical facilities for the residential care facilities in Guangdong Province. The accessibility of medical and residential care facilities for the elderly in the Pearl River Delta region is relatively good, whereas that in the eastern and western coastal economic zones is relatively poor. However, the Pearl River Delta region has the worst accessibility to medical care facilities for residential care facilities among the four regions and efforts are still needed to realize a combination of medical and residential care. 2) The medical and residential care facilities in the Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area and the northern part of Meizhou city were not suitable for the elderly. There was a substantial inequality in the accessibility of medical and residential care facilities for the elderly in Guangdong Province. The accessibility of medical facilities for the residential care facilities in Guangdong province is more equal, but there is still a large inequality; 15 cities in Guangdong province have Gini coefficients greater than 0.5. 3) Road network density, population density, per capita GDP, and local financial expenditure were significantly correlated with the accessibility of medical and residential care facilities. The average altitude, eco-environmental status index, area, road network density, population density, per capita GDP and public financial expenditure were significantly correlated with the equality of medical and residential care facilities for the elderly in Guangdong Province. The results of this study can provide a reference for optimizing the allocation and layout of medical and residential care facilities in Guangdong Province.

With the acceleration of urbanization and promotion of the integrated strategy of the Greater Bay Area (GBA), the number of migrants in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) has increased dramatically. With "Healthy China 2030" presented, mental health of migrants is of great significant to China's New-type Urbanization. Additionally, with the profound reforms in society and economy, the measurement and action mechanism of migrants' mental health deserve in-depth exploration. Using the data collected from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2016 for Guangzhou and Shenzhen and using the linear regression model, the study explored the effects of working environment, social interaction, and physical health on migrants' mental health. The second focus of this study was on the difference between migrants' mental health in Guangzhou and Shenzhen City through the empirical statistical results. Our empirical findings suggest that: 1) Migrants' mental health is significantly affected by working environment, social interaction, and physical health; among them, work satisfaction, lower work stress, community confidence, and self-rated health all have a positive impact on the mental health of migrants. Additionally, higher income is commonly associated with mental health. 2) For Guangzhou City, work stress, community confidence, self-rated health, drinking, exercise, and treatment have distinct impacts on the mental health of migrants. 3) For Shenzhen City, only work satisfaction, work stress, self-rated health, and treatment have distinct impacts on the mental health of migrants. In summary, this study used CLDS data from 609 migrants in 2016 to provide a more comprehensive picture of their working environment, social interaction, physical health, and mental health. Moreover, this study is a comparative analysis of migrants' mental health between Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which indicates that migrants' mental health in Guangzhou is mainly affected by work environment, social interaction, and physiological health; however, the work environment and physiological health play a significant role in migrants' mental health in Shenzhen. Based on the empirical findings, we call for further policymakers and practitioners to focus on both spatiality and heterogeneity in planning and governance. Municipal governments should consider the rationalization of land use and functional transformation to create harmonious social networks and promote migrants to better integrate into urban society. In addition, Guangzhou should increase and optimize leisure facilities and green space to strengthen the social interaction between migrants and locals, while it is of great importance to improve the working environment in Shenzhen and take measures to reduce migrants' working pressure by enhancing the safety and comfort of the working environment.

With the aging of society, the travel activities of the elderly, as a vital part of resident travel, have become the focus of transportation management in most cities. The widespread application of big data has enabled travel behavior to be analyzed in more detail, with the results revealing actual travel patterns and helping to gain an in-depth understanding of the daily travel of residents. In studies on travel patterns, several methods can be used to analyze the daily activity patterns of the elderly by combining big data with the theory of activity space. However, studies on the internal disparity in the travel behavior of the elderly remain limited. Hence, we conducted a comparative analysis of the travel behavior of age groups within the elderly from the perspective of activity space based on the smart card data of the Kunming subway system. In the analysis, we first compared the basic travel behavior of the elderly and nonelderly. Based on the findings, we divided the elderly who took the subway into 60-69- and over-70-year-old groups. Second, we compared the travel behavior and activity spaces of these two groups using a statistical and spatial analysis approach. The results showed significant differences between the elderly and nonelderly groups, the 60-69-year-old group, and the over-70-year-old group. (1) We found spatiotemporal differences in travel behavior between the elderly and nonelderly. Compared to the nonelderly group, the elderly group was less mobile. Their single-subway travel duration and frequency were lower, and they traveled more during the early peak hours. Their activity range was relatively concentrated in the city center, and their travel purposes showed a stronger orientation toward leisure and medical needs. (2) With increasing age, the elderly were less mobile, and their dependence on public transport increased. In detail, the over-70-year-old group had a shorter travel duration as well as a smaller activity space, whereas their travel frequency and number of visited stations were higher than those of the primary age group. Compared with the 60-69-year-old group, the daily activity pattern of the elderly over 70 years old could be summarized as being within a smaller activity space and higher in frequency. (3) The distribution of activity spaces of the two elderly groups was similar to each other, both in areas along metro lines 1, 2, and 3, without line 6. It indicated that the daily activities of the elderly mainly occur in central urban areas with high population densities. Regarding differences, the activity spaces of those over 70 years old were more concentrated in the densely inhabited districts along metro line 3, whereas the activity spaces of the 60-69-year-old group spread to low-density areas in the south and east. These findings may imply that factors, such as the built environment, largely restrict the subway travel of older people. In other words, their daily activities rely on facilities and transit more heavily. In conclusion, our results reveal the subway travel behavior and daily activity patterns of different-aged elderly groups, which verify the feasibility of smart card data in activity space analysis. Additionally, our study provides ideas for urban planning and transportation management in the aging era to promote social space equity.

The rapid industrialization and urbanization has reshaped the urban built environment. Meanwhile, the declining physical functioning of elderly people makes their daily activities more vulnerable to the built environment. Prior studies have examined the relationship between the built environment and older adults' leisure behavior, setting aside community differences. This paper selects three typical types of communities in Hefei, based on questionnaire-survey data. It uses the ordered logistic-regression model to identify which built-environment elements impact the leisure behavior of elderly people in different types of communities. The study finds that: 1) There are significant differences in the daily leisure-activity levels of elderly people in different types of communities. Under the influence of individual socioeconomic attributes and the built environment, elderly people living in the Danwei community have the highest levels of leisure frequency, while those living in the public rental community have the lowest. 2) Among various perceived built-environment variables, two have a positive impact on the leisure behavior of elderly people in the Danwei community: perceptions of the overall walking environment in the community and community security. In the commercial housing community, the leisure frequency of elderly people relates only to perceptions of the overall walking environment of the community. There is a positive correlation between perceptions of transportation convenience and the daily leisure behavior of elderly people living in the public rental community. 3) Among various objective built-environment variables, the relationship between the degree of mixed land use and daily leisure behavior of elderly people is positive in the Danwei community, but negative in public rental communities. In commercial housing and public rental communities, the longer the distance from the nearest bus station, the lower the frequency of daily leisure behaviors among elderly people; only in unit housing communities does intersection density have a negative impact. Considering these differences, targeted measures should be taken to improve community environments and increase leisure activity levels among elderly people: 1) In the Danwei community, we should focus on security and traffic conditions inside the community, adding safety facilities and street and area lights. 2) In the public rental communities, we should increase the density of recreational and sports facilities and the number of leisure venues, while improving accessibility. 3) Although the facilities and equipment in the commercial housing community are relatively complete, there is scope to increase green space and optimize the pedestrian environment in the community.

Since the reform and opening-up, the ecological environment of the coastline of Shenzhen has been under pressure from high-intensity human exploitation activities. Additionally, the structure, type, and length of the coastline has undergone significant changes. Studying the changes of the Shenzhen coastline over the past 40 years is helpful to reveal its spatial and temporal evolutionary processes and driving mechanisms to provide a reference for the protection and utilization of coastline resources. This study screened 16 scenes of the Shenzhen regional Landsat remote sensing images from 1979 to 2019, and performed a coastline extraction using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) methods to ensure alignment, accuracy, and extraction precision to meet the research requirements. Based on four coastline evaluation indexes (End Point Rates, Linear Regression Rates, Coastline-type Diversity Index, and Comprehensive Index of Coastline Utilization), the spatiotemporal characteristics of the coastline length, structure, types, and rate of change were analyzed to explore the factors driving the spatio-temporal evolution of the Shenzhen coastline. The results found that over the past 40 years, (1) the length of the Shenzhen coastline has experienced a continuously increasing trend, with a total increase of 41.52 km, and an average annual growth of 1.04 km. All the natural coastlines within the coastal area of Shenzhen decreased significantly to varying degrees, with a total decrease of 56.61%, while the proportion of artificial coastlines increased rapidly. (2) The change in coastline type in Shenzhen is mainly from the early muddy and sandy coastline to the farming reclamation and engineering construction coastline, i.e., the transition from natural to artificial shore. Among them, coastline length increased the most from 1979 to 1988. The most drastic coastline change was observed from 1979 to 1994, and the peak period of land reclamation was from 1994 to 2008. After 2008, Shenzhen coastline development gradually entered a sustainable and rational stage. (3) The spatial vicissitudes of the Shenzhen coastline have progressed through the stages of initiation, acceleration, and rational restriction. Areas with significant coastline expansion were located in Bao'an International Airport, Qianhai Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen Bay of Houhai, Yantian District, and near Longqi Bay. The change in the west coast of Shenzhen is more drastic than that of the east coast. The maximum rate of change (EPR) on the west coast reaches 422.19 m/a, which occurred during the Shekou Peninsula seaward extension period from 2004 to 2008. The EPR on the east coast reached the highest level of 449.65 m/a during the development and construction of Yantian Port from 1994 to 1998; and (4) the Shenzhen coastline change is a dynamic and a continuous process of change. Human activities, special zone policies, and natural factors were the main driving forces of the coastline changes. The special zone policy is the core driving force for Shenzhen's population expansion, urban sprawl, and the fundamental reason for the reduction in natural coastlines and the growth of artificial coastlines. This study provides important guidance for future sustainable urban development in Shenzhen.

The cultural, economic, institutional, and social connotations of "diversified connection space" are used as the spatial basis in urban micro-location and firm location selection. This study examines the evolution of firm location selection from the perspective of "diversified linkages", incorporates "diversified linkages" in urban micro-location with the firm location evolution model based on the assumption of "cost sharing," and discusses urban micro-locations, diversified linkages, and enterprise location selection. The selection of a firm's location is determined not only by economic factors and market mechanisms, but also through the interaction of location-specific economics with social and geographical factors that manifest themselves as a common set of rules and entrenched social and cultural practices. For example, behavioral norms and social relationships among entrepreneurs that permeate the internal economic relations and production activities of enterprises can influence the location selection of these enterprises. Using the findings of empirical research on information technology enterprises, such as those based in Shenzhen, micro-enterprises, and micro-locations in urban space, we examined the factors that influence the selection of a firm's location using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), and Semi-parametric GWR (SGWR) analyses. The results showed that spatial selection of enterprises in urban micro-locations occurred through a combination of bottom-up market mechanisms and top-down policies, and that the influence of traditional factors were more significant. Although land use and function categories were significant factors, the robustness of other variables was not strong. In addition, the results of GWR and SGWR analyses were better than those of OLS regression, indicating significant spatial heterogeneity in urban micro-locations. The spatial diversity and heterogeneity of space were also verified, to a certain extent, by differences between local and global variables. Therefore, "diversified connection space" attributes the focus of an urban micro-location to spatial elements and the spatial mechanism of firm location selection, such that economic, geographical, and social spaces are compatible. It is also influenced by a combination of economic, geographical, institutional, and social factors. This process is not only affected by economic factors, such as factor endowment and economic function (of land use) and its market role, but also by planning, policy, traffic conditions, and other "cost sharing" factors. Consequently, the meaning and usage of urban micro-location and location theory have expanded.

The status and role of airport agglomeration in China's airport system is becoming increasingly important, and air transport networks have received attention from multidisciplinary fields such as transportation planning, transport geography, and transport economics. Based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of airport agglomeration in China's air transport network, this study innovatively constructs an evaluation framework for the co-opetition relationship of airport agglomeration with the help of graph theory, set theory, and industrial economics theoretical methods. Considering the topological connectivity and weighted strength of connected airports, this study establishes a quantitative evaluation model for the co-opetition relationship of the airport agglomeration's air transport network from the perspectives of the overall and interactive markets. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area's airport agglomeration is a world-class airport agglomeration with the largest aviation traffic volume and a relatively mature market in China. Three large airports, Guangzhou (CAN), Hong Kong (HKG), and Shenzhen (SZX), occupy the leading positions in the Greater Bay Area. In recent years, the air transport network of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area's airport agglomeration has mainly expanded to medium- and long-distance routes. With the construction-based evaluation method, we found the following: (1) From the perspective of overall market competition index, the co-opetition market of airport agglomeration in the Greater Bay Area is dominated by a complete monopoly market and a weak cooperative market. In 2019, the complete monopoly market accounted for 33.8%, a decrease of 4.1% compared with 2015. The market with weak cooperation accounted for 42.3%, and market share remained relatively stable. The market with weak competition accounted for 15.8% of the market, and the market share remained relatively stable. The market with strong competition accounted for 6.3%, a decrease of 4.4% from 2015. Based on the calculation and analysis of the weighted strength of connected airports, there are significant differences in the co-opetition indices of similarly connected airports. The level of competition in the overall market has intensified. (2) From the perspective of interactive competition, the interactive co-opetition market within the airport group in the Greater Bay Area is dominated by strong and weak cooperation markets. From the co-opetition index of airports connecting with the Greater Bay Area, there are ten pairs of airports belonging to the strong cooperation markets in 2019, i.e. between Guangzhou and Foshan, Hong Kong and Zhuhai, Macau and Huizhou airports, a decrease of six compared with 2015. The weak cooperation markets in 2019 included ten pairs of airports, such as Guangzhou and Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Macau and Huizhou, an increase of six pairs of airports compared with 2015. Based on the weighted strength of connected airports, this study analyzes the interactive competition patterns. In 2019, the strong cooperation markets included eight pairs of airports, including Guangzhou-Foshan, Guangzhou-Huizhou, and Hong Kong-Huizhou, a decrease of two pairs compared with 2015. The weak cooperation markets include eight pairs of airports, such as Guangzhou-Macau, Hong Kong-Shenzhen, and Macau-Shenzhen, a decrease of two pairs compared with 2015. The weak competitive markets include four pairs of airports, namely, Guangzhou-Hong Kong, Hong Kong-Macau, and Shenzhen-Zhuhai, an increase in three pairs of airports compared with 2015. In general, the co-opetition market pattern of the Greater Bay Area turns from a cooperative overall to a competitive transformation.

With the upgrading of the economic structure, the rapid development of cultural and creative industries characterized by knowledge and creativity has become an important driving force for regional economic growth and urban restructuring. Against this background, the geographic distribution of creative talent and its influencing factors have become key research topics in geography and other related disciplines. Research on the geographies of creative talent tend to focus on newly emerged economic sectors, such as movies, music, and design, whereas much less attention is paid to creative talent in traditional industries. This study explores the spatial distribution and mobility of Chinese celebrity chefs, a creative group in the traditional catering industry, to advance geographical research on creative talent. This study collects and analyzes the trajectory data of the chefs selected from the "National Famous Chefs" document, by drawing on the method of spatial analysis and social network analysis. Ridge regression analysis further reveals the key factors that shape the mobility of celebrity chefs across different cities in China. The results show that (1) the distribution of birthplaces and current residences of Chinese celebrity chefs show a certain degree of disparity, with the former being widely distributed and relatively concentrated in underdeveloped cities, while the latter are highly concentrated in economically advanced coastal cities and core cities in the central and western regions. Both the birthplaces and the current residences of the celebrity chefs of different cuisines display a certain degree of agglomeration around the original places of these cuisines. However, some cuisines, such as Cantonese and Sichuan, show a trend of spatial diffusion in terms of the distribution of celebrity chefs, reflecting the impacts of both geocultural and market factors. (2) The spatial distribution of celebrity chefs' mobile network is characterized by a high level of imbalance, and certain differences exist among the mobile networks of celebrity chefs at the different stages of career lifecycles. In general, small- and medium-sized cities in economically underdeveloped areas experience an outflow of celebrity chefs, and the core group of celebrity chefs shows a higher level of local "embeddedness". Compared to other types of urban networks, the inter-city mobile network of celebrity chefs presents a certain degree of particularity. (3) The social network based on the trainer-student relationship is the most important factor shaping the mobility of Chinese celebrity chefs, followed by the development of the cities' catering industry, service sector, and overall economic level. In contrast, urban amenity factors, such as infrastructure and cultural and entertainment facilities, do not have a significant impact on the mobility of celebrity chefs. The underlying mechanism of spatial mobility of celebrity chefs reflects the special social network structure, nature of work, and cultural background of this creative group.

Combining the development history of mutual assistance and old-age care of Time Banking under the background of aging in China has important reference significance for addressing the Time Banking development dilemma. Using news reports on the establishment of Time Banking in Baidu from 1998 to 2020, this study extracts the time and place of its establishment through manual interpretation, and analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Time Banking. Additionally, it discusses the driving factors and differentiation mechanism to restore the development history of Time Banking from the perspective of social attention and provide a useful reference for its current status from the perspective of geography. It was found that: 1) Time Banking has experienced three periods of development in China, and the number of branches has shown an overall upward trend, among which the third period had the largest increase. 2) In terms of urban and rural distribution, Time Banking was mostly concentrated in urban areas and gradually spread to rural areas. In the provincial distribution, most provinces had already explored Time Banking, among which Jiangsu, Hubei, Zhejiang, Guangxi, and four other provinces (regions) had the largest number. 3) The spatial distribution of Time Banking initially showed a small sporadic distribution, which then gradually developed into a double-center distribution pattern in the Central Plains of the Yangtze River Delta. These were concentrated south of the Hu Huanyong line and was generally "dense in the southeast-sparse in the northwest". 4) In terms of the spatial relationship, Time Banking develops gradually from the initial spatial divergence to a spatial agglomeration. The degree of agglomeration is constantly strengthened, tends to be stable, the spatial homogeneity is gradually enhanced, and the heterogeneity is gradually weakened. 5) The driving factors of Time Banking development include population structure, old-age construction level, economic development level, government support, volunteer team construction, and digital technology level. Among them, the old-age construction level is more important in the first period, while the government support level and economic development level are more important in the second and third periods. Finally, it is suggested to increase the exploration of Time Banking and reduce the dependence on social and economic development indicators to provide a feasible path for their balanced development in underdeveloped areas, such as the northwest and northeast rural areas. Additionally, government support should be strengthened and multi-stakeholder participation guided to guarantee the sustainable development of Time Banking.

Traditional food is an important part of traditional culture and the development of traditional food culture is an important means of rural revitalization. Although the authenticity of food culture is becoming a point of discussion in domestic research, there are still some limitations. The existing studies do not further subdivide food into traditional and local foods, while traditional food is more consistent with the object of authenticity research. On the basis of distinguishing the concepts of local and traditional foods, this study selected smelly mandarin fish, a native traditional food in tourist destinations, as the research object to explore tourists' perception of the authenticity of traditional food and its influence on dining satisfaction and behavioral intention in tourist destinations. With Hongcun as the location of this study, data were collected through a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview. The AMOS structural equation model was constructed by analyzing three authenticity dimensions—dining environment, service, and food—and two dimensions—satisfaction and behavioral intention. The results show that tourists' perception of authenticity in the three dimensions has a significant, direct, and positive impact on dining satisfaction and a significant, indirect, and positive impact on behavioral intention. Among them, environmental authenticity has the greatest impact on dining satisfaction, followed by service and food authenticity. Through the analysis of the interview text, this study explains the structure of the influence of tourists' three dimensions of perception on satisfaction and behavioral intention. Combined with interviews with the host group, this paper discusses the differences in the perception and attitude of the host and the main characteristics of reshaping the destination's traditional food culture. This study believes that even if the object of experience is the traditional food of the destination closely related to authenticity, public tourists still pay more attention to the overall dining environment and service atmosphere, and the food itself has the lowest impact on satisfaction. This paper finds that the local traditional food culture presents the characteristics of de-traditionalization and de-localization. In the food culture reproduction of destination, because tourists pay particular attention to the environment, operators will be more willing to build the environment atmosphere to an extent that overlooks the importance of the food itself. Local customers pay more attention to the "authentic" taste of food, and the differences between hosts and customers as well as the orientation of tourist needs of production have led to the hosts'low identification with the authenticity of staged foods. Future studies should fully consider the particularity of traditional food as a specific object and reshape the food culture to make customers more satisfied. The contribution of this study is to sort out the classification basis of traditional food, study the impact of the perception of authenticity of traditional food culture on dining satisfaction and behavioral intention, analyze the impact and main characteristics of the perception difference between hosts and guests on the reconstruction of destination traditional food culture, and put forward the prospect of further study.

The monsoon climate in southern China is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. These extreme conditions have caught the attention of researchers because of the importance of designing cities so as to strengthen natural ventilation in summer and reduce exposure to cold winds during winter. Not only do the design and construction of urban ventilation corridors lead to the mitigation of the urban heat island effect in summer, the corridors also contribute to reducing atmospheric pollution and the invasion of winter monsoons. This study is specifically concerned with an analytical method that can be used, especially during the planning and design of cities, to improve the urban wind environment. Currently, most urban wind environment studies generally adopt numerical simulations as the investigation method. To some extent, this approach can be helpful with urban wind environment analyses under different planning and design scenarios. Many existing studies indicate that this technique has the advantage of rendering urban wind environment predictions with reliable accuracy. Numerical wind environmental simulations—especially, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation models—have been used for urban planning and design optimization. However, these models have certain limitations about the planning and workflow that the numerical simulation techniques require. For instance, in the early stages of urban design schemes, such as the master planning stage, the workload and amount of time required to perform the necessary repetitive simulations become enormous (not only in terms of time and energy but also with regard to expertise). The thorough and exhaustive numerical simulation task sometimes becomes impossible because of the limitations of computer performance, particularly for large city-scale areas. In this study, Hengyang County, Hunan Province, was selected as the study area. A new method was proposed to reduce the workload, time, and computational equipment requirements for analyzing the wind environment of a large city-scale area during the early stages of urban planning and design. The proposed method starts with the construction of a 3D model of the city using rule-based modeling, followed by a comprehensive evaluation model implemented in ArcGIS to assess the urban spatial enclosure and its influence on urban ventilation corridors. We used the least-cost path to generate ventilation corridors under different wind directions. The measurement points in the ventilation corridors of the city were selected to validate the wind speed cloud map simulated by PHOENICS. The simulation results were basically consistent with the site-measurements, thus demonstrating the validity of the evaluation model proposed in this study. Several findings are derived from this study. First, changes in the urban wind environment should be considered at the early stage of urban design. Second, the choice of rule-based modeling is not only beneficial to the quick modeling of the design scheme but is also efficient for a quick modeling of ventilation corridors. Third, the construction of urban ventilation corridors needs to consider several urban elements. The 8 primary ventilation corridors and 14 secondary ventilation corridors are constructed in the planning scheme according to the different action spaces of the wind corridors. Comparing the wind speed map of PHOENICS and the comprehensive evaluation results, it is proved that the urban ventilation corridor system constructed by buildings, road networks, water, and greenery systems can be quite overlapped with the ventilation corridors, and it also proved that the optimization measures based on wind openings, open space, water, roads, and buildings can effectively improve the ventilation capacity of the planning scheme. The study further demonstrates the limitation of single-criteria evaluation compared to multi-criteria evaluation which is more suitable for the complex urban wind environment. In addition to terrain height differences, the urban spatial enclosure model reflects consideration for building environment factors, such as the sky view factor, absolute roughness, frontal area density, average height, and building density. Thus, we propose a more convenient and effective method for the design of urban ventilation corridors that can be beneficial for achieving green and low-carbon urban planning.

Research on the relationship between social isolation and crime has mainly focused on racial or ethnic social isolation; however, data on the individual activity and emotional and other aspects is relatively insufficient. Based on the questionnaire data, this study constructed an index system of social isolation combining social connection, neighborhood connection, activity connection, and emotional connection, controlled the impacts of basic attributes of the individual, and analyzed the correlation between social isolation and the four crime types, namely violence, burglary, pickpocketing in the community, and pickpocketing outside the community. In this study, 74 typical communities in Guangzhou, China were selected. A total of 1,568 questionnaires were distributed through a household survey among which 1,148 questionnaires were selected for the final analysis from the residents who had lived in the community for more than three years. Findings indicate that social isolation has a significant positive correlation with the residents' criminal victimization while there is a negative correlation between some indicators and specific crime types. (1) There is only one index with significant correlation between social isolation and violence (negative correlation), which means whether the residents can make suggestions to the neighborhood committees and other departments. (2) The indexes with a significant correlation between social isolation and burglary include the number of family members and friends in the community (negative correlation), community affection (positive correlation), and community management service satisfaction (positive correlation). (3) Indicators of a significant correlation between social isolation and pickpocketing in the community include the number of relatives and friends in the community (negative correlation), whether neighbors visit each other (positive correlation), whether neighbors borrow from each other (negative correlation), and the residents' satisfaction with the community management services (positive correlation). (4) The indicators of a significant correlation between social isolation and pickpocketing include unemployment (negative correlation), harmonious neighborhood relationships (positive correlation), opinions and suggestions (negative correlation), and the residents' feelings toward the community management services(positive correlation). In general, there are differences in the impact of social isolation with different measurement dimensions on the infringement of urban residents, and this difference varies with the type of infringement. The contribution of this study to the existing literature is reflected in the following two aspects: first, the research framework is optimized, and in the process of the research, community connection, neighborhood connection, building environment, and management service evaluation are added to represent individual emotions, and the influence of these factors on the residents' criminal infringement is discussed. Second, based on the index system of social isolation, this study analyzes the correlation between social isolation and the criminal infringement of residents from the perspective of social network relationship, which is also a supplement to the existing literature.