High speed rail (HSR) is an important part of modern transport infrastructure. The construction of HSR network induces the spatio-temporal convergence and further influences the movement of production elements, the expansion of urban areas as well as the reorganization of regional spatial structure. The paper first analyzes the development process and mode of China’s HSR network, and then explores the characteristics of spatial distribution pattern as well as the coupling relationship with population and economy. Finally, the paper researches the spatial effects of HSR network with GIS method, in terms of the service areas of HSR, time-space convergence effects, and core cities’ commuting regions. Results indicate that: 1)The spatial expansion of HSR in China shows a “core-core” pattern in the early years and then a “core-network” pattern, which is closely related with the distribution of cluster cities; 2) The spatial pattern of HSR is inclined to serve the urban population and industry output, with 50.07% urban population, 73.47% GDP and 98.17% industry output value in 1 hour catchment area; 3) The HSR network leads to an uneven time-space convergence, and cities along the main HSR lines have relatively lower average travel time, showing a corridor effect; Meanwhile, the accessibility of hub cities are improved greatly, which leads to the expansion of hinterlands and convenient movement of production elements as well as the integration of cities in megalopolis.

Cities are the main sources of carbon emissions throughout the world, which are also the major components in the implementation of carbon mitigation measures. Examining and understanding the features and drivers of carbon emissions in cities is considered a fundamental step for implementing “low carbon city” strategies and actions. Based on the apparent energy consumption data, a systematic and comprehensive city-level total carbon accounting approach was established and applied in Guangzhou City. A newly extended LMDI method based on the Kaya identity was adopted to examine the main drivers for carbon emissions increments both at the industrial sectors and the residential sectors. Economic, population and energy data were collected from the Guangdong Province Statistical Yearbook (2004-2014) and Guangzhou City Statistical Yearbook (2004-2014). The main contribution of our paper is providing an in depth analysis of energy-related carbon emissions at city level considering multiple factors in regional China. This paper also provides temporal variations in the influence factors of carbon emission over a period between 2003 and 2013. Research results show that coal consumption was still the main contributor to energy-related carbon emissions during the whole research period, while oil consumption played relatively important and positive effect on energy consumption structure optimization and carbon emissions mitigation. In addition, imported electricity played an important role in the energy consumption system in Guangzhou. Manufacturing industries and service industries were the main carbon emitting sectors in Guangzhou during the period from 2003 to 2014. Contributions of manufacturing industries for carbon emissions decreased gradually, while contributions of service industries for carbon emissions performed an increasing trend in recent years. The influences and impacts of various driving factors on industrial and residential carbon emissions are different in the three different development periods, namely, the 10th five-year plan period (2003-2005), the 11th five-year plan period (2005-2010), and the 12th five-year plan period (2010-2013). Affluence effect was the dominant positive effect in driving emissions increase, while energy intensity effect of production, economic structure effect and carbon intensity effect of production were the main contributing factors suppressing emissions growth at the industrial sector. Affluence effect of urban areas was the most dominant positive driving factor on emissions increment, while energy intensity effect of urban areas played the most important role in curbing emissions growth at the residential sector. Solving these issues effectively will be of great help for Guangzhou’s sustainable development.

The climate changed frequently in eastern China during Holocene, that caused significant migration of the mammals for several times. The common species of the mammalian fauna mainly lived in subtropical zone, only a few tropical species such as Hylobates, Elephas maximus, Megatapirus augustus and Rhinoceros sinensis, were mainly distributed in tropical zone and south-subtropical zone, indicating a forest environment with tropical climate features in the south of mid-subtropical zone. Studying the faunal composition and geographic distribution characteristics in different phases of Holocene in South China, this paper inferred the climate variation in different phases of Holocene according to the distribution of the tropical species and their far-north living boundary. The results were as follows: the climate gradually turned warmer after the last glacial epoch in Holocene, the north boundary of the southern mid-subtropical zone moved southwards by nearly 2 latitude degrees during 14 000- 12 000 a BP, the mean temperature of January in this period was about 3-5℃ lower than that today. The transitionally warm period was 12 000-8 500 a BP, when the climate was approaximately similar to that of today. The Megathermal period was from 8 500-5 000 a BP. With the north boundary at Qinling-Huaihe, and the mean temperature was about 7-9℃ higher than today’s in January. The transitionally cold period was 5 000-3 000 a BP, the north boundary reached the Yangtze River Basin, and the temperature was about 5-6℃ higher than today’s in January. Then from 3 000 a BP, the climate was getting colder, and the north boundary of the zone retreated southwards. Those phenomena suggested the significant changes of the climatic zone and the bio-climate variations in Holocene.

借鉴国外成功的城市副中心建设案例,总结其在政策、交通、综合设施、景观环境等方面的经验.基于上版南京总规对河西副中心的功能定位,在新版总规纲要背景下,探讨河西在实际发展过程中存在的过度追求区域性CBD、生活设施不配套以及现状交通不便等问题,分析其根本原因在于决策的超前性和实际建设中缺少"人本性"相矛盾,提出河西建设要与主中心错位发展及正确定位,增强其综合性等建议,同时给下一步的城市分区规划提供参考,也给国内其他城市的副中心建设以启示.

应用多种规则相结合的专家系统方法,对珠江口地区3个时相的遥感图像进行分类,得到3个时相的红树林面积变化和空间分布变化.结果表明,从1988年到2002年珠江口地区红树林的整体面积变化是一种先降低再增长的趋势,但红树林类型由分散分布的天然林转变为集中分布的人工林,除淇澳岛、深圳河口地区还有大片的红树林外,其它地区的红树林基本消失.

从我国老龄化的社会背景出发,分析了城市“人口红利”优势的弱化、老龄产业的兴起与发展、老年住房供需矛盾突出、老年社会角色的延续与转换等相关性特征.认为我国城市管理者或规划师应前瞻性地认识中国老龄化社会发展趋势,对城市规划从城市发展策略、用地布局、交通组织、社区规划、公众参与等过程作出应对性的调整,制定适合老年主体人群的城市规划体系,以维护社会各阶层的合法利益,体现出城市规划的公共政策性.

One of the important reasons for the recent divergence in and outside our country is the gap among the levels of public service. As the carriers of the public service, the scientific and effective space layout of public service facilities is significant to realize the equalization of public service. This paper is a review of public service facilities spatial layout research at home and abroad. According to the time sequence, we discuss the progress in spatial layout studies from the research perspective, method and topics. The results show that: the theme of the foreign research experiences an evolution from layout pattern, space layout of the equality, and accessibility to spatial layout of the social differentiation and its formation mechanism; the perspective of foreign research develops from pure quantitative geography to multi-interdisciplinary subject crossing other subjects such as economics and sociology; the method develops from model establishment to integration of GIS and other methods. There exist significant gaps between the research in China and that in foreign countries. In China, the interdisciplinary mixture is insufficient. The methods are mainly derived from abroad on the whole. The theme of the study is narrow. We put forward some suggestions for future research: expand the connotation of accessibility and the connotation of fairness metrics to measure the equality, integrate multiple facilities layout based on the people-oriented idea, pay more attention to the promptness and variability of facilities, make full use of big data to carry out empirical research on small scale, realize equalization of public service facilities under the background of balancing the urban and rural areas.

Combined with the work of several generations of scientists from China who carried out scientific investigation in the South China Sea Islands in the past century, natural environment of the South China Sea Islands is comprehensively analyzed on the basis of regional geologic landforms, climate, marine hydrology, marine organism, terrestrial biota, soil, natural complex and natural regionalization. Natural resources of the South China Sea Islands are explained in detail, such as territorial resources, fishery resources, tourism resources, oil and gas resources, natural gases hydrates resources, terrestrial organism and water resources in lime-sand islets, port and navigational channel resources, and ocean-atmospheric energy resources. According to the natural endowment and importance of strategic position, suggestions about the scientific development of the South China Sea Islands are proposed. It is considered that the development of the South China Sea Islands should include tourism, fishery and aquaculture in lagoon of atoll, while more attention should be paid to the exploitation of ocean oil，gas and natural gases hydrates resources.

介于旅游博彩业在澳门经济社会中的特殊地位,在澳门回归前夕,对其过去、现状和未来进行综合研究分析,对于澳门未来的恰切定位及增进外界对澳门的了解,意义重大.本文在对澳门的旅游发展历史、旅游资源、旅游市场现状以及旅游业在现阶段澳门经济社会中的角色定位进行研究分析的基础上,提出了澳门旅游业可持续发展所面临的问题与对策、机遇与挑战、合作与发展思路.并以香港为参照系,论述澳门旅游业的发展前景和合理定位.

Much attention in the world has been paid to study of Carbon emission. The reliability of carbon emission data depends on the reasonability of estimating method. In recent years progress has been made in research of carbon emission estimating methods. This paper discussed different carbon emission inventories of IPCC and China in theory, analyzed the pros and cons of three main approaches of estimating carbon emission as well as their appropriate objects, which are emission-factor approach, mass-balance approach, and experiment approach. Then in practice, the paper set out the inventories of carbon emission and the estimating approaches based on five spatial scales of units, which are country/province, city, settlement, individual building and family. Summarizing the existing research results, the paper put up a frame and a paradigm of carbon emission research. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) such a situation has been formed that IPCC leads the examination of carbon emission with many other agencies taking part in. The research area has had now much clearer framework, better approaches and broader appropriate scope. 2) The inventory and estimating approaches given by IPCC have been used in studying different spatial scales of units. Some new branches of learning are generated when they are used in city unit. 3) The study of carbon emission estimation still has problems, such as the disequilibrium of the studies on different spatial scale units that leads to less attention to be paid to the study of meso-scale units, the defects of the estimation methods themselves, and the external limitation of data acquisition, etc. 4) China has produced the inventory which is suitable for her own situation. In addition, a lot of progress in China have been made in the examinations of historic carbon emissions, regional differences of carbon emissions, and carbon emissions from natural ecosystems. But the problems of lacking in innovation of theory, less improvement of research methods and limitation in data obtaining still exist.

Cities have always been the places where multi-functions aggromerate, and have witnessed the increasingly open and integrated development under the situation of globalization and informationalization, thus showing an increasing trend of diversification and differentiation. Mixed land use has been a common choice to address the trend and improve the level of urbanization. In this paper, the paths of the mixed land use of Chinese and foreign cities are summarized, and models and strategies of mixed land use are explored from the aspect of three spatial dimensions including urban district, community and building. Combined with the experience of the new urbanization practice in Guangdong Province, some ideas about people diversification, “white sites” reserved in developing district, “brownfield” referred in urban renewal, and “filling-type” development are presented, and the comprehensive development strategies of TOD plus SOD and EOD are put forward for exploring the possible ways to optimize the urban land use, enhance the vitality of public spaces and promote pluralistic inclusive development.

环境与经济的协调发展是实现可持续发展的重要途径.文中通过对协调、发展及协调发展这3个概念的定义和论述,分别推导出协调度和协调发展度的计算模型,并用协调度和协调发展度的大小等作为评判标准,将环境与经济协调发展状况划分为从简洁到详细不同的 3个层次,共30种基本类型.最后还以珠江三角洲城市群为评价对象,给出了上述计算方法和分类体系的应用实例,同时证明其可靠性.

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the regions with fastest economic development in China. The process of population concentration and decentralization in this region has been being focused by researchers. In this study, based on the population census data in the PRD from 1982 to 2010, we analyzed the growth and reduction of population, the concentration level of population and stability of population so as to investigate the change of spatial pattern of the population’s concentration and decentralization. The results showed that: (1) The growth rate of population from 1982 to 2010 in the PRD was 215.61%, which far exceeded the growth rate averaged over the whole country; (2) The population increased more significantly in the middle and east parts of PRD; (3) The population agglomerating level in the PRD was greater than that in the whole country. The city of Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Dongguan had become the cluster centers in PRD; (4) More and more floating population moved into PRD, especially in the middle and east parts, from 1982 to 2010. The increasing population and agglomerating level of population in the study region were mainly due to this influx. However, the rate of the influx in PRD slowed down in the past decade.

起源于北宋杨家将抵抗外敌入侵历史的杨家将文化,经过长期的戏剧、小说等文艺形式和信仰扩散,成为中华民族精神的品牌之一.与杨家将相关的地名分布广泛,遍布内地18省市.其成因与杨家将历史活动、文化信仰、军事激励、祭祖文化等因素有关,地域分布呈现一定规律性,形成以杨家将历史活动区域为中心的历史活动区、军事文化地名扩散区、敬仰文化地名扩散区、后代迁徙地名扩散区四大功能区,其中以黄河中下游和汉水上游地区为杨家将地名分布的最大板块.

Although the impact of perceived cultural distance on tourists' behavioral intention has attracted great attention from tourism academic circles, relevant research conclusions are inconsistent and the action mechanism is unclear. Based on the theoretical framework of "cognitive-affective-conative" and by introducing the theory of travel career pattern, this study constructs a research model that includes Tourists' Perceived Cultural Distance (TPCD), perceived novelty, perceived cultural risk, cultural experience intention, and tourism experience. Taking two typical ethnic cultural heritage tourist destinations as case sites, a total of 705 valid questionnaires were collected. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) tools were used to examine the path, mediation effect, and moderation effect of the structural model. There were three significant findings. First, TPCD positively affects perceived novelty and perceived cultural risks, and perceived novelty positively influences cultural experience intention, while perceived cultural risks negatively affect cultural experience intention. Second, perceived novelty and cultural risk play an intermediary role in the process of TPCD's influence on cultural experience intention, verifying the scientificity and applicability of the "cognitive-affective-conative" theoretical framework. Third, tourism experience negatively regulates the positive impact of TPCD on perceived cultural risk, and the moderating effect of TPCD on the positive impact of perceived novelty is not significant, thus demonstrating that tourism experience is insufficient to influence the relationship between TPCD and perceived novelty. The research has found a more reasonable explanation mechanism for the inconsistent conclusions of the simple attribution study of cultural distance-tourist behavior, exploring the complex psychological mechanism of the influence of TPCD on cultural experience intention. This article explains the hypothetical path from three standpoints: the cognitive, affective, and conative stages. It verifies the important mediating role of perceived novelty and cultural risk, and the moderating effect of tourism experience based on the theory of travel career pattern. In addition, a unique contribution of this paper is that it breaks through the limitations of previous similar studies in terms of research subjects. Most of the existing studies have been conducted on transnational tourists in international tourism scenarios, while our study finds that cultural distance has an equally significant effect on travelers' behavioral intentions in ethnic tourism contexts within the same country.

The rising of Macao in the Middle and Later Periods of the Ming Dynasty was an inevitable outcome since the Ming Government carried out very special foreign trade policy, although Macao was selected by Portuguese occasionally after they went through many changes. The paper tries to explore as a very tiny area why Macao could become a very important port of transshipment in the east-west trade at that time based on the particular tribute trade in the Ming Dynasty, and specially focuses on the influence of Guangzhou and economic relations between Macao and Guangzhou. In addition, the study analyzes the similarities and differences of Macao, Guangzhou and Yuegang, which were the only three open ports in the Later Periods of the Ming Dynasty, from the perspective of national trade. It is believed that the rising of Macao was largely benefited from the restrictions of Tribute Trade Policy of the Ming Dynasty to private foreign trade and traditional port development. Furthermore, Guangzhou had advantage in national foreign trade but shortage in some port functions, that helped Macao to establish the biggest international trade framework in the world at that time to play a role equivalent to an outer port of Guangzhou.

通过对广州城市交通现状尤其是结合对地铁交通的土地利用与居民出行情况进行调查,指出地铁实施TOD战略具有诱导城市空间结构重组、加快城区更新与土地置换的步伐、推进对地下空间开发、吸引居民出行等作用.同时发现广州地铁尚存在如下问题:地铁与常规公交衔接不畅;地铁沿线预留地太少,地下空间没有有效利用;地铁票价过高,通勤出行率低;线路规划缺乏全面考虑,站点布置不合理,换乘繁琐.据此提出规划建设地铁环线的设想与具体措施,希望能为未来广州地铁TOD的顺利实施提供借鉴与参考.

通过对目前中国南方红土的不同测年方法和测年结果的详细对比和总结,得出南方第四纪红土不同层次的年代序列.上覆黄土沉积时间小于100kaBP;均质红土介于100～400kaBP;网纹红土400～80kaBP;下伏砾石层年龄大于800 ka BP.

明清时期,回族从西北、华北、华中、江南、东北及周边省份迁移而来广东.从职业看,多为驻防军士、任职官员及其家眷,亦有来粤经商、游教及被流放人员;从迁移性质看,多系受政府支配,甚至是被迫迁移的.来粤回族主要集中在以广州为中心的珠江三角洲地区和以肇庆为中心的西江一带,其它地区亦有零星分布.他们在城市自成街区,在农村独成村落.展转来粤的回族人士因种种缘由后来又继续迁移,甚或迁往省内外及港澳等地区.对明清时期广东回族来源及分布的研究有助于理解当今文化全球化背景下广州乃至全省多元文化相融并蓄的文化格局和区域(城市)文

居民出行调查是城市交通规划、建设、管理的基础依据,通过对比分析广州市1998年万户居民出行调查和1984年居民出行调查的有关数据, 总结归纳出广州市城市居民出行的规律、变化特征及其原因,并针对其特点,提出广州市未来交通发展的对策和建议.

探讨了西方"绅士化运动"的概念、起源及其发展演变的动力机制,着重分析了"绅士化运动"对原住居民的影响以及城市地方政府在"绅士化运动"中的作用,认为"绅士化运动"对我国当前的旧城更新具有重要的启示与借鉴作用.文中建议在编制旧城更新规划时开展关于旧城更新项目对原住居民影响的专项研究,以保障社会公平的实现.

依据1995～1999年广东省所辖21个城市科技人口数量增长率、城市人口数量增长率、耕地面积递减率、森林覆盖递减率、三废处理能力增长率、三废排放增长率、人平工资增长率、人均GDP增长率等指标统计资料,应用主成分分析法分析了广东城市人口、资源、环境和经济发展(PRED)系统的可持续发展过程,并从众多PRED系统因子中揭示出典型的敏感因子(主成分).同时,也为城市PRED系统可持续发展进程的分类提供新的依据.

回顾了国内外城市空间结构研究的理论进展,主要评述了不同历史时期研究的主要内容和理论观点.国外研究经历的形态研究、功能研究、人文关怀到空间机制的研究,反映出国外空间结构理论体系的日益完善;相比之下,国内自20世纪90年代中期以来,城市空间结构的研究热点才不断增多,研究内容更加丰富多样.但在学科建设、研究内容和研究方法上,国内外仍然存在较大差距.最后提出了中国城市空间结构研究的发展方向和研究热点.

影响澳门发展的环境因素有:地少人多,淡水资源缺乏,小区环境污染等.但澳门有着优越自然条件,地位特殊,交织着东西方的文化色彩,是联系欧、非的桥头,发展前景非常好.如果澳门利用好自己的优越条件,按可持续发展的思路建设,克服不利因素,开发离岛,拓宽旅游环境,则澳门一定会成为更富饶美丽的海滨城.

对西方城市公共服务设施供给研究进展及理论脉络进行梳理.结果表明:战后西方国家城市公共服务设施供给研究历经3个阶段:二战后至70年代,基于公共物品理论和社会公共服务的政府单中心供给模式,布局区位及影响机制是城市公共服务设施研究的重点;70-90年代,从公共服务的双主体联合供给理论出发,重在探讨城市公共服务设施供给的空间公平;90年代以来,在公共服务多元供给理论基础上,从社会结构的深层次视角研究公共服务设施供给的可达性差异及社会空间分异.最后,从深化公共服务供给体制改革、明确公共服务设施的市场化范围、与城市空

以厦门市餐饮业普查数据为基础,结合实地考察,运用ArcGIS空间分析,以街道为研究单位分析了厦门市餐饮业的空间格局.结果发现,厦门市的餐饮业分布岛内岛外差异显著,以厦门岛为核心呈现圈层式发展,岛内从城市中心向外递减,各街道内餐饮业主要以组团式集聚和带状分布相结合的方式出现.综合考虑区域经济水平、人口密度、交通便捷程度、城市空间格局等与餐饮业分布有关的影响因素,运用SPSS进行相关性分析,结果表明:餐饮业的空间分布与城镇住宅面积、商业服务用地关联度最高;城市的公共设施用地面积和城中村住宅面积与餐饮业的发展呈

城市增长边界(Urban Growth Boundary,简称UGB)调控空间的规划理念,被视为控制城市蔓延、实现精明增长的空间管理工具.在总结UGB提出背景、基本内涵、理论基础、划定方法、划定目标及其在国外实践经验等基础上,探讨了UGB中国化的必要性和重要性.针对中国尚缺乏明确的UGB规划技术规范和管理政策措施,提出UGB中国化首先应该在规划理念上认清其作为技术措施和空间管理政策的本质与作用；其次在编制技术上,需在区域土地信息系统支持下,根据正向需求与逆向控制相结合的制定方法划定科学合理的UGB；最后在

在地理学“文化和空间转向”背景下,城市社会文化的关注渐渐成为城市研究和文化地理学研究中的热点.文中选择以茶楼为代表的传统茶文化消费和以星巴克为代表的新兴咖啡文化消费空间的冲突与变化为视角,结合问卷调查和深度访谈对以星巴克为代表的外来消费文化现象进行分析,从文化行为与心态层面归纳总结广州城市文化消费空间的重构及其内在机制.研究表明:在全球化影响下,星巴克咖啡消费空间的兴起,在广州培育了以中产阶级和学生为主的一批忠实的消费群体,对传统茶文化空间产生一定的冲击,伴随的是消费者“符号化”消费心理的膨胀及追求生活第

The space-time analysis of spatial distribution of religious sites can provide the insightful information about the formation and diffusion mechanism of religious landscapes. As an important part of religious landscapes, religious sites are the focus of religious geography researches. To reveal the law of temporal evolution of Chinese religious landscapes, the methods of mathematical statistics and spatial analysis are used in this paper. Based on the data of religious sites from the economic census in China, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution of Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Christianity in the 342 cities of mainland China, which may reveal the future trends of religious landscapes in China. The results from those analysis show that: 1) All religions have experienced significant growth since 1978; 2) There’s an unbalanced development of religions with significant differences over the space and time in China; 3) Different expansion modes and expansion strategies adopted by different religions, dominated the temporal evolution of the spatial pattern of religion. The spatial structure of the dominated religion changes significantly. 4) Different models of religious development existed in different regions. There are different religious landscapes between the Han areas and ethnic minority areas. The phenomena of over- agglomerate and rapid expansion exist in different religion. Different development modes are also showed in deffernet religion. Those research results from this paper may help a better understanding of the future trends of religious landscape in China and provide the reference for religious policies.

The process of urbanization, especially the modification of land surface’s properties, exerts a strong impact on the meteorological conditions thus the evolution of airborne contaminants. In this paper, three aspects of relevant studies are reviewed: 1) the general features and intrinsic mechanisms of urban climate; 2) the characteristics of urban “pollution meteorology” at different scales; 3) the development of numerical models which quantitatively describe urban land-atmosphere interactions. Then the studies of simulation of the effects of underlying surface change during urbenization on atmospheric environment (including meteorological conditions and air quality) are also reviewed. Finally, a WRF/Chem numerical simulation aimed at exploring how urban land surface’s expansion over Eastern China would influence the spatial distribution of CO and ozone is introduced. The result shows that when anthropogenic emissions hold constant, the expansion of urban land surface could increase concentration of ozone in atmosphere near the surface as well as 1-3 km above the ground, and also increase that of CO in atmosphere 1-2 km above the ground; but would decrease CO concentration near the surface.

The correlation and interaction between urbanization and ecological environment changing, is geared to the important topic of the comprehensive research for the sustainable development of human and natural process. Based on the theory of system coupling, this paper regards the collection of various urban cultural elements with the characteristics of urbanization and the collection of all kinds of natural elements of the ecological environment as two systems which are independent but influence each other, and summarizes recent progress in the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment change from the perspective of theory and methodology respectively. Chinese scholars not only analyze the system coupling relationship and evolution rule between urbanization and eco-environment change, and evaluate the coupling mechanism of inter-elements and inter-system quantitatively, but also put forward approach to realize the coordination between urbanization and eco-environment. Overall speaking, the contents of domestic researches show the multi-dimensional characteristics in the contained factors and the involved subjects. The diversification methods, especially the “3S” technology and multiple quantitative analytical methods are used to obtain the statistics and analysis data effectively, to reveal the mutual influence of urbanization and ecological environment change, and to predict the evolution trend of the future. The research objects show regional features obviously. The developed areas and the areas with fragile eco-environment are always the research focuses. The peri-urban areas are being paid more and more attention. Some researches focus on the eco-environmental influence of the urbanization of many rural areas. But the theoretical and methodology basis has been weak relatively because these researches still stay at groping stage. At the same time, the lack of quantitative evaluation index system and the hysteresis passivity of relevant researches will block the research progress. In the future, the coupling theory of urbanization and ecological environment system framework and method system, the index system of observation and evaluation, the warning mechanism, and the urban ecological space expansion and optimization methods will be the main research directions. In addition, the exchanges and cooperation of different subjects should be strengthened, to provide more solid foundation for the research of urbanization and eco-environment system coupling.

Based on population density statistics data of the coastal cities in China during 1985-2010, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of population density in coastal cities by using the tool of ArcGIS and spatial statistics method. The driving factors of the changes of population density are also discussed. The results indicated that the population density of coastal cities showed a rapid growth trend since 1985, the permanent residents of coastal cities in 2010 were 264 million, accounting for about 19.70% of the total population of China. The natural population growth was far less than the mechanical growth in the coastal areas. Differences in spatial distribution of population were very notable, the population densities of regional central cities were larger than those of other cities. Population densities of the cities in northern part of coastal China were lower than those in southern part and the transition city between the two parts was Nantong City. Natural environment, regional economic development, city status and function, government policy and urban development history were the most critical factors on differences of coastal city population density in China. The impact of various factors on the coastal urban population density is relatively complex, among those the social and economic factors are becoming the most critical. In order to further promote the rational distribution of coastal urban population, some suggestions are put forward in the paper, such as strengthening guidance on beneficial and orderly population flow, developing medium and small towns actively, paying more attention to improving the bearing capacity of the environment, promoting the sustainable development of population, resources and environment.

主要从湿地生态系统健康评价现状出发,阐述了PSR模型的概念及其内容,分析了其在湿地生态系统健康评价中的作用,并以PSR模型为基础提出了湿地生态系统健康评价的指标体系.PSR模型具有很强的因果关系,可作为湿地生态系统健康评价的指标分类体系,但它未能对所有指标进行严格的分类,有待于在实践中不断完善.

Guangzhou Flying Dragon World Resort, located in Panyu of Guangzhou, is the first theme park ever established in Guangzhou. After its operations in Jan. 1, 1995, promotion and publicity through media made it a popular theme park throughout Guangzhou, Hong

喀斯特石漠化一般经历顶极植被-灌草丛-石漠等3个阶段.在这一退化过程中喀斯特石漠化对环境的选择性导致喜Ca、耐旱和岩生性的植物生存,而生物量的移出和耐荫树种消退是退化的关键因素.退化过程中植被、土壤理化性质与环境形成正反馈关系,并具有退化方向上的一致性、退化过程的非同步性和退化速度的非线性等特点.喀斯特植被恢复时,其恢复对策经历了由早期更新对策向中期结构调整对策直至后期结构功能协调完善对策更替.喀斯特生态系统恢复的技术包括自然恢复、人工恢复与复合农林业综合治理技术.喀斯特区域恢复的核心是整体人地系统的生态

Maritime Silk Road, with peace, friendship, economic equality, culture, and diplomacy communication as its purpose, has had a long history in China and a widespread impact on the world. Maritime Silk Road originated before the Qin Dynasty and officially opened in the Qin and Han dynasties, when Xuwen and Hepu became the departure ports. Merchant ships sailed over the Indian Ocean, generating the first great cultural exchange in the world with the dissemination of Buddhism and new crop varieties as its main contents. The period of Sui, Tang and the Five Dynasties was a prosperous period of Maritime Silk Road, when Guangzhou port became a worldwide port where domestic and foreign merchants gathered. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Maritime Silk Road had further development and prosperity, Guangzhou and Quanzhou gained the position of principal port and established close business relations with the Arab world. The worship of Mazu produced, who is thought to be the Goddess of Sea in China. The incoming of Champa rice, etc., profoundly changed the land use pattern of China. In the Ming dynasty marked by Zhenghe’s seven expeditions to the western seas, Maritime Silk Road began to decline. As some new crops such as sweet potato and corn were introduced, and Matteo Ricci did missionary work and brought western science, technology to China, Macao and Zhaoqing became two cultural exchange centers, forming a bridge between eastern and western civilization, thus causing a revolution in China's grain production and cultural changes of some ideas. In the early stage of the Qing dynasty, the policy of secluding China from the outside world was carried out, Guangzhou (Canton) became the only foreign trade port in China. The newly developed sea routes brought about the rise of Thirteen Hongs (the thirteen commercial firms) in Guangzhou. The two-way communication between Chinese and western culture was active and the maritime silk road reached its height. However, after the Opium War of 1840, the nature of the trade between China and West was completely changed, the maritime Silk Road, which had lasted for more than 2000 years, had a full stop.