1987—2017年海南岛海岸线变化特征遥感分析

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003260

Abstract

Abstract:

Coastal zone of Hainan is one of the most valuable areas of natural resources and also forms a good ecological environment. Based on a 30-years coastal data derived from satellite imagery, which includes coastline, mangrove, nearshore aquaculture ponds, artificial islands, and ports, this study analyzed the coastline changes and other spatial elements in the coastal zone of Hainan Island. The human activities that impacted on the coasts of Hainan were also evaluated. The indices used for the analysis were: Length Change Intensity (LCI), Index of Coastline Type Diversity (ICTD), and Index of Coastline Utilization Degree (ICUD). In this study, we found that: 1) the length of the coastline increased steadily from 1,655 km (in 1987) to 1,890 km (in 2017). In contrast, the natural coastline length decreased continuously from 1,565 km (in late 1980s) to 1,140 km (in 2017), with a proportion drop from 94.6% to 60.3%. The length and proportion of artificial shoreline increased remarkably, from 90 km (in late 1980s) up to 750 km (in 2017) and a proportion changed from 5.40% to 39.7%. 2) The diversity of coastline types decreased while the coastline utilization degree increased. From 1987 to 2017, the ICUD increased continuously from 237.34 to 285.03, indicating that human activities had an increasing effect on coastline changes. 3) Land and sea pattern changes were complicated, with the coastline expanding into the sea. Overall, the coastal land area increased by 107.49 km. A variety of human factors contribute for the continuous changes of the coastline. The change in the biotic coastline is mainly the result of competition between mangroves and aquaculture ponds, and the construction of ports and offshore artificial islands, which are also responsible for the land sea pattern reform. Since 2000, the length of the coastline of Hainan Island has increased largely due to the coastal construction projects that have augmented the artificial shoreline. Currently, it is still necessary to strengthen the protection and control of coastlines and promote their sustainable utilization. With the increase in general awareness about environmental protection laws and the implementation of coastal zone management and ecological restoration protocols, the coastal ecological environment will be largely protected and restored. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecological environmental changes in the coastal zone of Hainan and provides scientific basis for the protection and restoration of its ecological environment. The study provides a scientific application paradigm for the effective use of coastal datasets to conduct research on the coastal environment.

Key words: Hainan Island, remote sensing, coastline, mangrove, ecological environment

CLC Number:

170.6045

Li Zhang, Jingjuan Liao, Xin Yuan, Xiaodong Mu, Xixi Song, Jingpeng Bi. Remote Sensing Analysis of Coastline Changes in Hainan Island during 1987-2017[J].Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(4): 659-674.

Figures/Tables 16

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数据集	卫星数据	提取方法	精度评估/%	分辨率/m	时间跨度	数据来源
岸线变化和类型	Landsat	目视解译	95	30	8期：1987、1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015、2017年	毕京鹏等（2019）
红树林	Landsat	支持向量机	99^①	30	7期：1987、1993、1998、2003、2007、2013、2017年	廖静娟等（2019）
围塘养殖	Landsat	面向对象	97	30	4期：1990、2000、2010、2015年	袁鑫等（2020）^②
近海人工岛	Landsat / GF-1/GF-2	目视解译	97	30/ 1~2	4期：2010、2014、2015、2016年	张云飞等（2020）
港口变化	Landsat	目视解译	82	30	4期：2000、2005、2010、2015年	毕森等（2017）

年份	自然岸线												人工岸线
	河口岸线		基岩岸线		砂质岸线		生物岸线		淤泥质岸线		小计		人工岸线
	比例 %	变化速率（km·a^-1）	比例 %	变化速率（km·a^-1）	比例 %	变化速率（km·a^-1）	比例 %	变化速率（km·a^-1）	比例 %	变化速率（km·a^-1）	比例 %	变化速率（km·a^-1）	比例 %	变化速率（km·a^-1）
1987	1.0	—	9.4	—	47.3	—	10.2	—	26.6	—	94.6	—	5.4	—
1990	0.9	-0.3	8.1	-5.0	49.2	21.3	13.8	23.0	18.3	-42.0	90.4	-3.0	9.6	25.0
1995	0.4	-1.8	8.2	0.6	49.0	0.4	17.4	12.8	14.1	-14.2	89.1	-2.2	10.9	4.8
2000	0.4	-0.2	7.1	-4.2	53.4	13.0	11.6	-20.8	5.9	-28.6	78.4	-40.8	21.6	36.2
2005	0.5	0.4	10	10.2	44.0	-30.8	13.4	6.8	4.5	-4.6	72.5	-18.0	27.5	21.0
2010	0.2	-0.8	6.5	-11.8	48.1	16.6	7.8	-19.0	7.4	10.2	70.1	-4.8	29.9	9.8
2015	0.4	0.8	7.3	3.8	43.1	-11.4	7.7	0.8	4.2	-10.6	62.8	-16.6	37.2	30.8
2017	0.4	0	5.7	-13.0	42.5	8.5	6.3	-10.5	5.4	13.0	60.3	-2.0	39.7	36.0

地区	统计量	1987年	1993年	1998年	2003年	2007年	2013年	2017年
东寨港	面积/km²	14.66	15.32	16.12	16.66	17.29	17.88	17.33
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	0.11	0.16	0.11	0.16	0.10	-0.14
	变化速率/%	—	0.7	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.6	-0.8
清澜港	面积/km²	16.56	14.47	13.28	11.65	11.50	12.14	11.74
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	-0.35	-0.24	-0.33	-0.04	0.11	-0.10
	变化速率/%	—	-2.2	-1.7	-2.6	0.3	0.9	-0.8
新盈港	面积/km²	4.15	3.30	3.05	2.94	2.63	2.76	2.91
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	-0.14	-0.05	-0.02	-0.08	0.02	0.04
	变化速率/%	—	-3.8	-1.6	-0.8	-2.7	0.8	1.3
马袅港	面积/km²	0.66	0.56	0.34	0.46	0.51	0.96	0.96
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	-0.02	-0.05	0.02	0.01	0.08	0.00
	变化速率/%	—	-2.7	-10.1	6.0	2.6	10.6	0.2
花场湾	面积/km²	4.54	3.97	3.41	2.57	2.19	3.22	3.00
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	-0.1	-0.11	-0.19	-0.10	0.17	-0.05
	变化速率/%	—	-2.2	-3.0	-5.7	-4.0	6.4	-1.7
新英湾	面积/km²	6.23	7.60	7.23	4.83	4.78	5.77	6.07
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	0.23	-0.08	-0.48	-0.01	0.17	0.08
	变化速率/%	—	3.3	-1.0	-8.1	-0.3	3.1	1.3
东方	面积/km²	0.36	0.25	0.38	0.30	0.60	0.67	0.77
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	-0.02	0.03	-0.02	0.08	0.01	0.02
	变化速率/%	—	-6.1	8.5	-5.1	17.7	1.8	3.3
总计	面积/km²	47.16	45.47	43.81	39.40	39.50	43.40	42.78
	变化量/（km²·a^-1）	—	-0.28	-0.33	-0.88	0.02	0.65	-0.15
	变化速率/%	—	-0.6	-0.7	-2.1	0.1	1.6	-0.4

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Remote Sensing Analysis of Coastline Changes in Hainan Island during 1987-2017

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