Abstract:

Driven by the rapid development of tourism, human settlement space in tourism destinations is facing an unprecedented multifunctional transformation. Multifunctional theory provides a new theory and paradigm for research on the sustainable development of human settlements and provides creative solutions for the construction and regulation of human settlements in tourism destinations under the typical regional environment of China. This study systematically analyzes and summarizes the concept evolution, evaluation system, changing characteristics, driving mechanism, and adaptive regulation of multifunctional human settlements in tourism destinations at home and abroad. The study reveals the evolution path of current research and offers future research directions and suggestions. The main conclusions are described as follows: 1) Regarding concept connotation and evaluation system, more research focuses on the diversified needs of high-quality human settlements. 2) Regarding spatial changing characteristics, more research presents a transformation from the overall description of macro region, focusing analysis on villages and towns in mesoscale, to the in-depth exploration of interior space for residences on a micro scale. 3) In exploring the driving mechanism, more studies combine natural factors and social factors to explore driving forces. The current research results show the characteristics of a "natural resource base determining the spatial function type" in the initial stage, to "industrial development leading the spatial function transformation" in the mid-term stage, and "the pursuit of natural comfort in human settlements" in the later stage. 4) In terms of adaptive regulation, most studies conclude to countermeasures that mainly realized through the coordination of stakeholders' social relations and the optimization of the combination and utilization development of physical space. Finally, this study establishes the evolution path map of the three stages of multi-functional human settlement in tourism destinations, and offers a focus for follow-up research, including evaluation systems combined with humanism, a more comprehensive coupling and trade-off driving mechanism within stakeholders on the multi-level spatial scale, and a multifunctional transition optimization strategy combining top-down and bottom-up approaches. Meanwhile, it is emphasized that the integration and innovation of interdisciplinary methods will become an important breakthrough.

Key words: human settlement space, multifunctional, tourism destination, multiple subjects, evaluation system, adaptive regulation