• 2024 Volume 44 Issue 3
      Published: 05 March 2024
        


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    • Jialong Wu, Hongju Li, Ting Deng, Sihua Luo, Jie Hu, Zijian Zhang, Chengyu Niu, Kai Wang, Yan Jiang, Shaoqing Su
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      The protection of historical and cultural heritage sites is the main focus of land space planning and use control. Its protection and utilization are important for promoting the revitalization of rural culture and building a pattern of historical and cultural protection, and are essential for the research on comprehensive land consolidation in recent years. The historical trail of South China is a linear cultural heritage site of Guangdong's historical development. Exploring the connotative relationship between comprehensive land consolidation and the protection and utilization of linear cultural heritage is conducive to enhancing their synergy and superposition. This study begins with a connotation analysis and trend analysis of comprehensive land consolidation and linear cultural heritage protection and utilization, taking the connecting line of the Gutian section of the ancient Meiguan historical trail of the Southern China historical trail in Guangdong Province as an example to explore the working relationship between comprehensive land consolidation and the protection and utilization of linear cultural heritage. It proposes a comprehensive land consolidation path for linear cultural heritage protection and utilization. Results showed that: 1) The problems faced by the protection of historical trails were closely related to the goal and content of comprehensive land consolidation; 2) The protection of historical trails and the comprehensive land consolidation could be integrated into the implementation of land space planning, rights and interests protection, policy incentives, public participation and landscape coordination to jointly promote the enhancement of land space value; 3) Focusing on the dimensions of development orientation, planning layout, engineering design, overall planning funds and service operation, it is necessary to constantly innovate the path of comprehensive land improvement across the region, and comprehensively promote the protection and utilization of rural cultural heritage. Guangdong Province can fully utilize the platform tools of comprehensive land consolidation in the protection of South China historical trail, achieve the connection and integration of ancient cultural protection and utilization with land consolidation projects, and establish a mutual feedback relationship in work, innovate and establish a working mechanism for the integration and development of comprehensive land consolidation and historical trail protection, which is conducive to the synergistic effect of rural revitalization and historical and cultural protection, better service and support for rural revitalization and high-quality development.

    • Jirong Yang, Chaozhi Zhang
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      Promoting community engagement is a key issue in the sustainable development of protected natural areas. Enhancing the local residents' sense of place identity contributes to their willingness to protect the ecological environment and increases their support for ecotourism development. The role of knowledge in addressing ecological issues is widely recognized, and tourism, which focuses on knowledge production and dissemination, is gradually emerging as an alternative choice for innovative and sustainable ecotourism development in protected natural areas. However, the effect of knowledge on place identity has not been sufficiently addressed. This study employed a qualitative research method and considered Danxia Mountain, a protected area, as a case study to analyze the transformation of knowledge underlying tourism products during the transition from sightseeing tourism to study tourism. Furthermore, it explored how the behavior of community residents in learning and disseminating new knowledge contributes to the reconstruction of their local identities. The findings showed that the knowledge of resource classification and evaluation of sightseeing tourism generated a paradoxical place identity, whereas the scientific and local knowledge about Danxia Mountain for tourism reconnected community residents to the place and established a place identity. The formation and changes of local residents' place identity are the result of the interactive process of knowledge's definition of place differences and the behaviors of learning and disseminating knowledge. Specifically, there are three aspects to consider: 1) Place differences and place meanings stemming from knowledge discourse. The knowledge of a place defines its differences and assigns meaning to it. Moreover, the type of knowledge of a place can change, triggering the reconstruction of the place identity of local residents. 2) Place identity arises from the learning, internalization, and construction processes of local residents in relation to place differences and meanings within the knowledge framework. This is achieved through transforming diverse individuals' experiences and feelings about a place, where meaningful and comprehensible identities are formed, leading to a diversified sense of place identity based on individual experiences. 3) Identity performance in the process of knowledge dissemination and sharing socializes individual place identities and establishes a collective place identity. This research combines knowledge as the discourse defining place differences and the behavioral interactions of using knowledge, which expands the understanding of the process and mechanisms of place identity and can provide a more comprehensive explanatory framework for establishing place identity in social-place-individual interaction. It also provides practical guidance for cultivating local residents' place identity through knowledge-based study tourism, which requires incorporating the knowledge of community residents into the heritage site's knowledge system as well as community residents as active participants in the learning and dissemination of knowledge in the context of study tourism, which is essential for fostering a sense of place identity.

    • Mingkun Qiu, Wei Wang, Xiaohao Wen, Min Chen, Chen Wang, Jing Feng
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      Granite, a principal component of continental crust, emerges at the Earth's surface through crustal movements, creating diverse landforms. The Queshi region, comparable to Huangshan in its granite hilly landscape, stands as a representative granite landform in China, yet its origin remains incompletely studied. This investigation utilizes surface landscape and cave analyses to elucidate the characteristics and determining factors of granite landforms in the Queshi region, to comprehend the formation mechanisms of these unique landforms. In the surface investigation, field surveys and aerial photography, employing a DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone, were utilized to measure the morphology and dimensions of exposed rock egg sizes on cliff faces and joint spacing. The survey results facilitated an overall classification of surficial landscapes, encompassing the proportion of rock egg sizes on the mountain and the spacing between the vertical and horizontal joints. To assess mountain development concerning stone eggs, cave orientation and elevation were determined using a rangefinder and GPS measurements, while different contact relationships between stone eggs were investigated. By amalgamating domestic and international granite development theories with field investigation results, this study delves into the geological structure of the surrounding areas, the characteristics of granite landforms, and the factors governing the landform formation of granite geomorphology in the Queshi area. The findings indicate that 1) rocks in the Queshi scenic area have evolved into various rock eggs through subsequent weathering processes, manifesting as grotesque formations resembling humans, genies, or animals, and 2) granite mountain bodies in the Queshi region can be categorized into three types: rock egg mountains, peak forest mountains, and steamed bun mountains. Stone egg mountains exhibit a unique form with round, large stone eggs stacked atop each other, peak forest mountains comprise elongated rock eggs or blocks due to narrowly spaced vertical joints, while steamed bun mountains lack obvious joints and fractures, presenting gently rounded mountain shapes. Furthermore, 3) granite caves in the Queshi scenic area are classified into four categories based on different formation processes: core stone caves, collapsed caves/rock egg caves, fissure caves, and niches. Core stone caves form when weathered material in the gaps between stone cores is carried away by flowing water without causing any movement of the core stones. Fissure caves, relatively rare and small in scale in the Queshi scenic area, are formed along large fractures created by bedrock breaks. Niches are concave grooves formed at the base of rock bodies or rock eggs, buried by rock debris or soil, storing more rainwater than bare rock surfaces and enhancing chemical weathering. After external runoff removed the debris, the rock base became exposed and formed concave grooves. Finally, 4) the weathering crusts of the Queshi region formed before the subsidence of the Rongjiang fault, during which the Queshi Mountains experienced relative uplift. Consequently, the weathering crusts continued to weather, forming the present granite landforms. Weathering occurs through the rock joints of the parent rock of the weathered crusts, with the degree of damage to the rock determined by joint density. The greater the joint density, the more extensive the damage; conversely, the smaller the joint density, the less the damage. Therefore, mountain morphological differences in the Queshi region are primarily caused by variations in joint spacing rather than climate or rock-type influences.

    • Na Liu, Heng Zhang, Canlu Deng, Jialong Wu, Yuankang Xiong
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      Benggang (a fragmented erosion landform) have emerged as crucial factors restraining regional economic development, social stability, and ecological conservation due to their suddenness, explosiveness, and unpredictability. Monitoring the dynamic changes in distribution density, degree of development, and influencing factors of Benggang in large-scale natural environments can constitute preliminary references for studying the mechanisms, patterns, and influencing factors of Benggang in the natural environment, as well as providing insights for the coordination of regional socio-economic development and ecological environment governance. In this study, Sentinel-1/2 satellite constellation remote sensing images and other auxiliary data from 2016 to 2022 were combined with machine learning methods to identify Benggang erosion and measure the influencing factors of Benggang erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River. The results indicate that: 1) The overall accuracy of the classification model in this study is 84%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.8. The user's and producer's accuracy of Benggang erosion identification both exceed 95%, and their FScore is 0.97. However, smaller-scale Benggang erosion (< 100 m2) is easily confused with grassland and sparse vegetation, thereby reducing the Benggang identification accuracy. 2) Currently, the total area of Benggang erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River is 435.5 km2. There are significant differences in Benggang erosion areas across counties, cities, and districts, with varying annual trends. In terms of spatial distribution, the Benggang erosion areas in Wuhua County, Xingning City, Dapu County, Fengshun County, Meixian District, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, and Meijiang District are 199.2, 70.1, 57.7, 50.1, 35.4, 14.9, 3.9, and 1.6 km2, respectively. In terms of time change trends, the average annual rates of change of Benggang erosion areas in Wuhua County, Xingning City, Dapu County, Fengshun County, Meixian District, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, and Meijiang District are 16.29, 6.51, 5.31, 4.94, 3.56, 1.39, 0.42, and 0.18 km2/a, respectively. 3) The occurrence probability of Benggang in the study area is significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with elevation, slope, vegetation coverage, geological type, population density, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, meridional wind speed, zonal wind speed, and wind speed. Within a certain range of variation in the influencing factors, elevation, slope, geological type, atmospheric pressure, meridional wind speed, zonal wind speed, and wind speed have a positive impact on Benggang occurrence probability in the study area, while vegetation coverage, population density, and rainfall have a negative impact on the occurrence of Benggang erosion. Furthermore, geological type, slope, atmospheric pressure, elevation, vegetation cover, population density and wind speed are the main influencing factors for the occurrence of Benggang in the study area. Therefore, strengthening the monitoring of these seven variables is necessary to enhance early warning capabilities for geological disasters due to Benggang in the study area.

    • Yi Li, Keyuan Dai, Guoping Tang, Jianhui Du, Tao Chen, Nan Jiang, Xiangyu Niu, Yangbo Yu
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      As an important ecological barrier in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shimentai Nature Reserve aims to protect the integrity of the ecosystem and biodiversity. It was established as a provincial-level nature reserve in 1998 and upgraded to a national level nature reserve in 2012. However, the changes in the quality of the ecological environment remain unclear. This study quantitatively assessed the changes in the ecological quality of the Shimentai Nature Reserve from 1997 to 2021 based on the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), explored the changes in ecological quality before and after the establishment of the nature reserve and the upgrading of the control level, and discussed the reasons for the evolution using the Random Forest Algorithm and correlation analysis method. The results showed that the RSEI value of Shimentai Nature Reserve dynamically increased from 0.637 in 1997 to 0.714 in 2011, and the ecological environment quality steadily improved as the nature reserve was upgraded from the provincial to the national level; the RSEI reached 0.788 by 2021. The quality of the ecological environment has improved in 64.5% of the protected area, the buffer zone has improved more obviously, and the deteriorated areas are mainly concentrated in the experimental area where human activities are frequent and in the high-altitude ridge area in the core area. Meanwhile, the ecological environment quality of the buffer zone and the low-altitude area in the core area is adequate and relatively stable. The RSEI responded most clearly to elevation, with the best ecological quality between 300 and 600 m and relatively poorer quality above 900 m. On the slope upward with the south slope as the turning point, the quality of the ecological environment gradually improved from the north slope to the south slope in a clockwise direction, and then gradually deteriorated from the south slope to the north slope. At a cut-off point of 15° on the slope, the RSEI briefly increased and then decreased continuously. The RSEI was highest at a soil pH of 5.3, organic carbon mass fraction of 4.1%, and clay mass fraction of 32%. The degree of influence of residential activities on the quality of the ecological environment from the outside to the inside (i.e., the experimental area-buffer area-core area) was gradually reduced and negatively affected. The RSEI was positively correlated with precipitation, 23.6% of the area passed the significance test (P < 0.05). The local year was influenced by precipitation, and the influence of precipitation was greater in certain years. Overall, the ecological environment quality of the Shimentai Nature Reserve has shown a clear improvement trend, and the protection and management of the bare soil areas on the top of the high mountains, and the areas of frequent human activities in the lower altitudes, should be strengthened in the future.

    • Qiong Sun, Yuxiang An, Lin Li, Li Wang
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      The continuous increase in the number of middle-aged and elderly people in China has provided important opportunities for the development of China's tourism industry. Ecotourism—a green, healthy, and high-quality tourism method—is particularly popular among middle-aged adults. Social media use has been widely integrated into the consumption decisions of middle-aged and elderly Chinese tourists. It is of great significance to clarify the impact of social media on tourism consumer behavior among China's elderly middle class, especially on rising ecotourism consumption. This study conducted in-depth interviews with 26 elderly middle-class ecotourists in China, abstracted the impact path based on grounded theory, and constructed a set of impact path models of social media on the consumer behavior of elderly ecotourism in China's middle class. This study found that, because social media has the characteristics of information and communication, its impact on the ecotourism consumer behavior of China's elderly middle class mainly involves five factors: social media information utility, social media support, social media impact, self-value realization, and spiritual needs satisfaction. These five elements do not exist in isolation but are interrelated and mutually influencing. Among them, social media can help fully display ecotourism information, plus its own brand building, reputation, and other factors. Moreover, social media information utility, social media impact, and social media platform support can help stimulate the willingness of China's elderly middle class to promote the occurrence of consumer behavior. With the support of social media, a good ecological tourism consumption experience will help realize the self-worth of China's elderly middle class and meet their spiritual needs. The realization of self-worth and satisfaction of spiritual needs will further strengthen the impact of social media on the willingness of China's elderly middle class to engage in ecotourism. First, this study shows that China's elderly middle class can conveniently access destination-related health and historical and cultural knowledge through social media, thus strengthening the ecological tourism motivation of this special group. Second, social media have strengthened the emotional bond between China's elderly middle class and others, helping them meet their social and spiritual needs. Third, poetic dwellings are a prominent feature of the elderly middle class in ecotourism, which differs from other forms of tourism under the influence of social media. This study systematically summarizes and combs the influence path of social media on the consumer behavior of ecotourism in China's elderly middle class by using grounded theory for the first time, and expounds on the important influencing factors, which can provide a reference for future research and practice. Concurrently, this article focuses on the impact of social media on the ecotourism consumer behavior of China's elderly middle class and proposes that the realization of self-value and satisfaction of spiritual needs is an important result of their participation in ecotourism behavior under the influence of social media.

    • Jieying Huang, Ziling Tian, Chen Liu
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      With the popularity of digital photography equipment in daily life, photography has emerged as the primary means for people to explore places, document life experiences, and engage in social activities. Taking the Guangzhou youth group as an example, this study combined the research methods of ethnography, field observation, and questionnaire surveys to collect data and analyze the integration of digital photography, social platforms, and daily life. This study discussed how urban photography activities redefine the meaning of places by analyzing their processes, types, and characteristics in the quotidian. The results revealed the following insights: (1) The process and content of everyday urban photography activities are closely related to social platforms and can be divided into three stages: preparation, taking photos, and processing and sharing photos. These three stages are not linear but often intersect, possibly existing simultaneously, and are implemented across platforms. According to the photographic object types, everyday urban photography can be divided into portrait photography, architecture and street landscape photography, and daily life scene photography. (2) Everyday urban photography is characterized as an embodied and emotional process that integrates photographer's expectations, skills, and practices. The visual impact of this process lies in capturing moments and transforming ordinary (close) landscape from a specific time and space into distant and extraordinary scenes. These digital photos, which condense time and space, are no longer the isolated expression of film photos. Instead, with geographical positioning services, they constitute the photographer's personal narrative and movement path on social platforms, containing the photographer's imaginative sense of place, aesthetic concepts, and social relations. (3) The visualization, social attributes, and geotagging of everyday urban photography alter people's perception and experience of places, reshaping the meaning of these locations. Through the interplay of spatial media, geolocation services, and social platforms, photography activities and local experiences are progressively merging. Editable images and interactive social platforms overlay on geotagged places, allowing people to describe places and their activities in novel ways. Consequently, the original attributes of a place may be weakened, emphasizing visual attributes and media significance. Places become backgrounds in portraits, venues for of self-presentation, and geotags on social media. Therefore, places achieve the coexistence of virtual and realistic meanings. The reason for this phenomenon is the development of social media, the growing social demand for self-expression or exhibition, and the expanded accessibility of expression channels. The research results introduce the perspective of daily life into digital photography research, enriching the visual and social media research content of human geography in China.

    • Yi Wei, Siqi Cheng, Xinyue Zhang, Huasheng Zhu
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      With the development of digital technology, virtual spaces have attracted widespread attention. Some studies have suggested that there is a certain interaction and dependence between virtual and geospatial spaces. However, most current research interprets geospatial implications in virtual spaces using semantic interpretation methods and lacks case studies that combine specific industries. Represented by the short video industry, the digital economy industry has constructed a virtual communication space that is distinct from the geospatial space through Internet media, possessing analytical conditions and values with dual spatial attributes. Given that short videos are important carriers of virtual social networks, this study focuses on the top short video creators on Bilibili, known as "POWER UP 100," who produce original short video content from 2018 to 2021. Relying on their basic information, video information, linkage situations, and other data, this study quantifies the two virtual space attributes of selected short video creators (influence and network centrality) using methods such as Spearman's correlation coefficient and social network analysis. Furthermore, it discusses the relationship between these two attributes and their geospatial attributes (geographical location and hierarchy), thus exploring whether the virtual space attributes of short video creators depend on their geospatial attributes. This study confirms that virtual spaces exhibit a certain degree of dependence on the geospatial space. Regarding the correlation between the UP virtual level and geospatial hierarchy, there are differences in the distribution of UP creator influence levels in different cities, with larger and higher-level cities having more dispersed UP creator influence levels. High-level top creators are mostly located in super-large cities, whereas low-level cities rarely have such creators. Although virtual networking platforms can, to some extent, enable top creators to attract fans and overcome geographical limitations, the level and range of their influence remain closely tied to the geographical hierarchy within the geospatial space. Virtual space interconnectivity networks based on UPs exhibit strong distance correlation, with linkage frequency primarily determined by geographical distance. However, in virtual space interconnectivity networks based on cities, the dominant role of geographical distance weakens, whereas the role of city hierarchy increases. Therefore, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) There is only a weak positive correlation between the virtual space level of the top short video creators and the geospatial hierarchy. (2) The construction of virtual space networks by top short video creators exhibits geographical proximity and hierarchical orientation, demonstrating a certain dependence on the geospatial space. (3) The virtual space activities of the top short video creators are significantly influenced by factors such as the economic and cultural levels of their cities. This study provides guidance and inspiration for the future creative work of short video creators. However,, using the short video industry as an example, it reaffirms the conclusion that the virtual space generated under media transformation cannot be detached from the existing geospatial space.

    • Yue Gong, Jiyang Cao
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      The floating population is at the bottom of the urban housing classes. In recent years, housing class of floating population has become differentiated, affecting new-type urbanization and affordable housing development. This study discusses the characteristics of the floating population's housing class and the influencing factors and mechanisms of its formation. It uses the Latent Class Analysis model to classify housing classes and obtains five classes: multiple houses in inflow and hukou (household registration) areas, one house in the inflow area, one or multiple houses in hukou areas, village houses in hukou areas, and the houseless class. Further analysis shows that: (1) The housing purchase behavior of the floating population in cities is aligned with the urbanization process; most of the floating population with non-agricultural hukou is in the middle and upper housing classes, whereas most of the floating population with agricultural hukou is in the middle and lower classes. (2) The spatial differentiation of the housing class of the floating population follows a north-south pattern. The multiple houses in inflow and hukou areas and one-house in the inflow area classes are mostly distributed in the northern, central, and western parts of China, and are in small- and medium-sized cities. Most one or multiple houses in hukou areas and houseless classes are concentrated in large cities in southeastern and southern China. (3) In addition to socioeconomic, institutional, migration, and regional factors significantly impact housing classes. Compared with the floating population with non-agricultural hukou, the floating population with agricultural hukou is constrained by the market and hukou system, and is easily excluded from the housing market and the affordable housing system. Members in state-owned enterprises and the members of the Communist Party of China still have an advantage in housing stratification, while non-SOEs migrants' disadvantages are worsened. In addition, geographical factors maintain the characteristics of migrants' housing class in inflow areas. (4) Power persistence, market transformation, and housing filtration are mechanisms that form housing classes and spatial patterns. The urban housing welfare policy has made it difficult for the floating population to benefit from housing reform, which has reinforced the differentiation of the housing class. Meanwhile, market transformation differentiates income and education levels of the floating population, affecting their housing class. The differences in urban housing policies and markets in different regions affect migrants' housing choices, resulting in housing filtering in geographical regions, and finally forming the north-south pattern of migrants' housing class. China should expedite reforming the hukou system, implement differentiated affordable housing development based on regions, and allocate more affordable housing to basic public service providers in cities. This study reveals the situation and mechanism of housing differentiation among the floating population, provides empirical support for affordable housing policies, promotes citizenship of the floating population, and facilitates new-type urbanization.

    • Li Li, Ying Liu, Chenke Tang, Li Peng
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      Identifying the network characteristics of settlement intentions of floating populations in urban agglomerations is of great significance in constructing a reasonable spatial distribution of the population and the urbanization of the floating population. Based on China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data from 2017, this study used social network and geospatial analyses to examine the network spatial structure of floating population settlement intentions and identify their spatial model. Six major urban agglomerations were selected as case studies, including three coastal agglomerations—Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH)—and three inlands agglomerations—Middle Yangtze River (MYR), Chengdu-Chongqing region (CC), and Harbin-Changchun region (HC). The results show that the residential network of urban agglomerations presents different levels of "circle layer" structure on the whole, and the intensity of residential contact exhibits a distance attenuation effect. The floating population in coastal urban agglomerations originates from a wide hinterland. The agglomeration effect of BTH and YRD is significant, and compared to the rest of the urban agglomerations its floating population exhibits a higher settlement intention. PRD has a low intensity of residential contact and a loose structure; the scope of attraction of inland urban agglomerations is limited, settlement intention is low, and the network is balanced. CC urban agglomeration exhibits weak residential connection, balanced internal and external flow of urban agglomeration, and a primary equilibrium state of its network. Furthermore, MYR urban agglomeration exhibits relatively low residential connection and weak agglomeration and slight equilibrium of its network structure. Meanwhile, HC exhibits a compact internal structure and scattered external structure. There are clear differences in the spatial patterns of settlement intention in urban agglomerations at different locations, scales, and development stages. The floating population's settlement choice reveals a clear regional inclination. The integrated, hierarchical, and structural characteristics of the floating population residence network revealed in this study contribute to decision-making regarding urban floating population management and urban spatial pattern optimization from the perspective of urban agglomeration. Coastal urban agglomerations should enhance the development of regional low-centered cities to stimulate the creation of additional employment opportunities, thereby fostering population influx. Inland urban agglomerations should optimize the configuration of their industrial structure to manage population outflows and inflows effectively, mitigating the risk of excessive regional population decline.

    • Bin Gu, Kunyan Wu, Sheng Tang, Tianyi Zhou, Yanli Wang
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      Using the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as the research area, this study comprehensively uses an interlocking network model and social network analysis to construct a network based on the headquarters branch data of digital economy listed enterprises in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 to analyze the digital economy correlation pattern of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. The results show that from 2005 to 2020, the number of digital economy listed companies' headquarters and branches in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration has grown rapidly. The radiating influence of headquarters has gradually expanded, and cross-city connections among digital economy companies have strengthened. Shenzhen and Guangzhou have become the engines of digital economy development and the control centers of the correlation network. The overall correlation structure of the urban agglomeration transformed from a single triangle consisting of Guangzhou-Zhuhai-Shenzhen and the connecting cities in 2005 to a double triangle structure consisting of Guangzhou-Foshan-Shenzhen and Guangzhou-Zhuhai-Shenzhen and the connecting cities in 2020. The network density increased, the asymmetry weakened, and the agglomeration subgroups shifted from a single regional center to multiple regional centers. From an industrial perspective, there are significant disparities among the different sectors of the digital economy. Network connections were strongest in the information transmission, software, and information technology service industries, weakest in finance, and moderate in manufacturing. The dual-core status of Shenzhen and Guangzhou is prominent, whereas Zhaoqing and Jiangmen are on the network periphery. This study examines the formation and evolution of the digital economy network of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration from the perspective of corporate organizational connections, identifies the positions and roles of each city in the correlation network, analyzes the correlation pattern and evolution path of the digital economy, and expands the study of digital economy correlation from an industry perspective, revealing industry differences in the digital economy correlation of urban agglomerations. The characteristics of the regional digital economy correlation can be summarized based on the results of this study and the existing research. First, the degree of regional digital economy correlation continuously increases during the development of the digital economy, and the overall network connection is strengthened. Second, differentiation emerges in the digital economy correlation network, forming core and peripheral cities and displaying spatial distribution imbalances. This study also found that policy guidance may promote the formation of multiple centers in the region and contribute to the balanced development of the correlation network. Finally, the regional digital economy correlation exhibits industry differences due to industry foundations and development characteristics. To promote sustained and healthy development of the digital economy in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, it is necessary to further enhance inter-city digital economy cooperation, better leverage the radiating driving effects of core cities, such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou, improve digital economy development policies and infrastructure in peripheral cities, and promote coordinated development of the overall digital economy in the urban agglomeration. Comprehensive planning of the industry layout is necessary in subdivided industries to promote balanced development across all sectors and form a concerted effort in digital economy development. These measures can also serve as a reference for other areas in developing digital economies.

    • Huixia Li, Shiyi Chen, Jueying Hu, Jinbiao Lin
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      With rapid urbanization, the formation of a governance model for spatial stock has become challenging in building a modern governance system. The process of "domainization" in spatial stock constantly affects the biopolitics of different groups during marketization. This paper introduces the perspective of Foucault's biopolitics based on the domain theory and constructs a domain politics framework indicating a tripartite coupling and interaction among social capital, spatial relations, and life politics. Through semi-structured interviews with, and questionnaires administered to, ordinary workers, middle managers, and top directors, we investigate the changing patterns of workers' biopolitics in the "Territorialization" of grassroots governance. The findings show that the "domainization" process relative to industrial parks has gone through three periods: first, when the state strongly shaped the construction of order and the state economy; second, when the government retreated and capital advanced on a large scale; and third, when there was tripartite competition between the government, workers, and capital. The structures of social capital, spatial relations, and biopolitics experienced a dramatic shift during the succession process of the three periods. The economic attributes of industrial parks shape the various spatial relationships of life and production among workers, middle-level cadres, and top directors, causing differences in the accumulation of social capital for the different classes. The compartmentalization of the spatial field has resulted in a reduction in workers' public activities and the weakening of social capital accumulation. The life politics of workers shifted from self-directed ownership of the A town mechanical farm to early economic dependency, then to full dependency on the park. First, this study bridges the gap in the study of "domainization" in production fields and provides a geo-theoretical perspective for understanding how workers' biopolitics is driven by this process in the context of the transformation in economic production relations. Second, the phenomenon of authority transfer in "domainization" is proposed based on the theory of state-society relations. A detailed explanation of the occurrence of semi-centralized governance in modern society is provided herein. Finally, study findings provide theoretical support and case studies on how sphere politics in grassroots governance affects spatial production relations, achieving integration of the disciplines of politics and geography.

    • Xiaoxi Niu, Lifeng Tan, Fang Liu, Xiaofeng Wang
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      Marine cultural heritage (MCH) is an essential carrier of marine civilization and a critical component of marine resources. However, it is often neglected in the current marine spatial planning (MSP) of many countries, leading to an imbalance between culture, ecology, and economy. The difficulty in defining specific spatial boundaries for areas with sociocultural value is one reason for this dilemma. This study covers 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China, and it aims to determine the spatial zoning scheme of MCH resources from macroscopic and quantitative perspectives and to provide a reference for the integrated management of marine resources. We analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern of MCH with the help of ArcGIS spatial statistics and analysis tools. We built an indicator system of influencing factors and quantified the weight of each indicator factor by GeoDetector. We drew the following conclusions: (1) The spatial distribution of MCH has significant clustering characteristics. The clustering areas are mainly concentrated in the Shandong Peninsula, the Yangtze River Delta, and the west coast of the Taiwan Straits; MCH in the Yangtze River Delta has the most vital continuity. (2) In different historical periods, the distribution of MCH has had apparent spatial heterogeneity. MCH was most densely distributed around the Shandong Peninsula and Yangtze River Delta during the Pre-Qin Period. During the Qin-Han Period, Guangdong and Guangxi became new hotspots; these moved northward to Fujian during the Sui-Tang Period. During the Song-Yuan to the Ming-Qing Period, the density of heritage in Fujian further increased. After the Modern Times, Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, and Tianjin formed the pattern of arching around the Bohai Sea. (3) The results of geographic correlation analysis show that, overall, watersheds have the greatest explanatory power on the MCH pattern. In contrast, dialects have the greatest explanatory power in the northern and southern coastal areas, respectively. The results of the detection of influencing factor indicators show that, from the overall scope, natural elements are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of MCH, with a weight of 37.4%. Economic elements are first in the northern coastal area, weighing 30.2%. In the southern coastal area, natural elements are in the first place, with a contribution value of 32.0%, and the contribution value of cultural and economic elements is similar. (4) Based on the spatial and temporal distribution, relevant influencing factors, and composition characteristics of MCH, the 11 coastal provinces and cities can be divided into four heritage regions, namely, the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, west coast of the Taiwan Straits, and Lingnan MCH area, in addition to 12 secondary regions. The zoning scheme is consistent with the geographical differentiation of Chinese marine culture, which indicates that spatial statistical analysis and GeoDetector can provide technical support for the spatial zoning of MCH resources. This methodology applies equally to zoning studies of marine intangible cultural heritage and other thematic cultural heritage. The results can provide a reference for managing marine resources under national spatial planning as well as a basis for creating cultural brands in coastal cities.

    • Wenju Xiao, Yingpin Yang, Zhifeng Wu, Shaolan Zheng
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      With rapid urbanization and the structural transformation of economic development, cultivated land abandonment is becoming more serious, posing great threats and challenges to the security of food production. The rapid and accurate monitoring of cultivated land abandonment is of great value for ensuring regional and national food security. In view of the urgent need for abandoned land monitoring, we proposed a method to identify abandoned land based on the temporal features of optical time series data. First, the NDVI time series of cultivated lands was constructed using multitemporal Sentinel-2 data. The constructed NDVI time series was preprocessed to filter out outliers among the observations. Subsequently, the amplitude feature of the NDVI time series was extracted for cultivated land. We acquired the amplitudes of the abandoned and non-abandoned land samples and generated statistics for the range of amplitudes. We then extracted the optimal threshold of NDVI amplitude for separating abandoned land from non-abandoned land using two steps: initialization and optimization of the threshold. In the initialization step, the maximum NDVI amplitude among the abandoned land samples was set as the initial threshold. In the optimization step, the threshold was decreased in step of 0.01, and the F1-score was calculated iteratively to determine the optimal threshold. With a decrease in the threshold when the F1-score reached its highest value, the corresponding threshold was set as the optimal threshold. Accordingly, the rule for abandoned land recognition was constructed; namely, when the NDVI amplitude was lower than the optimal threshold, cultivated land was classified as abandoned land. Finally, based on the mapping results, landscape pattern indices were calculated to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics of abandoned lands. The proposed method was validated in Potou District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. The main results of the study were as follows: 1) Comparing the NDVI time series curves of abandoned and non-abandoned lands, we found that the NDVI time series curves of abandoned land changed gently, whereas the NDVI time series of non-abandoned land changed with great fluctuation due to the phenological process of crop growth. 2) By iteratively searching for the optimal NDVI amplitude, the optimal segmentation threshold of NDVI amplitude was 0.42 for distinguishing abandoned lands from non-abandoned lands in Potou. We used 100 abandoned and non-abandoned land samples to validate their accuracy. By using this optimal threshold, the overall recognition accuracy of abandoned land reached 91.83%, and the overall extraction accuracy of non-abandoned land reached 90.20%. 3) The calculation results of the landscape pattern index of abandoned lands revealed that these are generally small and have irregular shapes. Abandoned lands were scattered throughout Potou. This study demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively identify abandoned land using the amplitude of NDVI time series. This method can produce highly reliable abandoned land mapping and shows good potential for large-scale agricultural applications.

    • Hui Yang, Weiming Xu, Erhui Shao, Yunting Liao, Xin Lin
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      The POI data and Place2vec model within the third ring of Fuzhou City were used to identify the functional zones in the city, on the basis of which we were able to analyze the characteristics of the spatial differentiation of the thermal field levels in each functional zone. We subsequently constructed the functional zone warming sensitivity index using a boosting regression tree algorithm to quantitatively measure the sensitivity difference of different functional zones in the process of surface warming and then explored the spatial differentiation mechanism of the urban thermal environment on a regional scale. The results showed the following. First, the identification framework of urban functional zones was constructed based on POI data and the Place2vec model; and the identification of the five types of functional zones—the living service and residential zone, public management and service zone, commercial zone, industrial zone, green space and square zone—was highly accuratecy. Second, the internal thermal field grades of the green space and square zone are mainly low-temperature and sub-low-temperature, while the rest of the four types of internal surface heat field grades of functional zones are dominated by medium-temperature, sub-high-temperature, high-temperature, and very-high-temperature zones. Additionally, the distribution of sub-low-temperature, low-temperature, and very-low-temperature zones is not significant. Except for the green space and square zone, all four types of functional zones exhibit high-temperature phenomena, of which the extremely high-temperature zone accounts for the most in the industrial zone (as high as 20.68%) and the least in the green space and square zone(1.90%). Third, the overall sensitivity to temperature increase of each type of functional zone, in descending order, is as follows: industrial zone, living service and residential zone, commercial zone, public management and service zone, green space and square zone. The sensitivity to temperature increase of each functional zone in different warming stages differs significantly under the high-temperature gradient. The sensitivity to temperature increase of the ground cover of different functional zones has the distinctive characteristics of the functional zones. Specifically, the higher the degree of development of the zone, the higher the sensitivity to temperature increase of the built land. The higher the degree of regional construction development, the greater the difference between the sensitivity of construction land and the sensitivity of vegetation and water, and the sensitivity of construction land is always higher than the sensitivity of vegetation and water in each functional zone. The results of this study will help overcome the limitations of existing urban thermal environmental research and provide a scientific decision-making basis for promoting the rational layout of urban functional areas, alleviating the urban heat island effect, preventing the risk of high temperatures under extreme weather conditions, and realizing sustainable urbanization.