南海海上搜救困难性评价

doi:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003512

Abstract

Abstract:

To ensure maritime search and rescue safety, this study combined a geographic information system and a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to map and evaluate the difficulties of maritime search and rescue in the South China Sea. To construct a maritime search and rescue difficulty index system, nine factors related to the natural environment and human power that may influence maritime search and rescue were selected, and difficulty indices were calculated according to the corresponding calculation method. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was then used to determine the weight of each index, and the linear weighting method was used to obtain the maritime search and rescue difficulty value of the South China Sea. The difficulty values were divided into 10 levels and the spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that: 1) under the influence of the natural environment, the difficulty of search and rescue in the sea area of the South China Sea had the characteristics of a V-shaped distribution, and the difficulty level gradually decreased from northeast to southwest. 2) Under the influence of humanistic search and rescue forces, the overall difficulty of search and rescue in the study area was the "NE-SW belt" type. The area with high difficulty levels was mainly located on the line connecting the northeast to the southwest of the study area, and the difficulty decreased in an irregular circle on both sides of the connecting line. 3) Considering these two factors, the difficulty of search and rescue was relatively high around some islands in the South China Sea, because of the influence of severe weather events, such as typhoons, and their large distance from the search and rescue base. The difficulty values in the far seas have "NE-SW decreasing" spatial distribution pattern, with the highest values in the areas extending from the northeast to the southwest of the study area, then decreasing to the northwest and southeast. According to statistics, approximately 21.1% of the sea areas in the South China Sea have search and rescue difficulties greater than level 6, and the construction of search and rescue forces should be optimized accordingly.

Key words: South China Sea, maritime search and rescue, difficulty assessment, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, natural environment, humanistic search and rescue force

CLC Number:

U676.83

Xiaoyi Zuo, Liang Cheng, Sensen Chu, Jie Wu, Xuedong Zhang. Difficulty Assessment of Maritime Search and Rescue in the South China Sea[J].Tropical Geography, 2022, 42(7): 1138-1147.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Table 1

Calculation of difficulty evaluation index for maritime search and rescue

困难性指标	指标描述	类型	计算方法
水深	对搜救作业造成困难的水深值/m	逆向	$D' = 20 D ≥ 0 ⋃ D < - 20 - D - 20 ≤ D < 0$ 式中：D $'$ 为水深指标值； $D$ 为水深值。
大风频次	一年中发生大风的天数/d	正向	$w i k' = 1 w i k > 11.7 0 w i k ≤ 11.7$ $T w k = ∑ i = 1 n w i k', i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $w i k 、 w i k'$ 分别为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 的风速值和对应为大风的二值变量； $T w k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的大风频次指标值； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
大浪频次	一年中发生大浪的天数/d	正向	$g i k' = 1 g i k > 4 0 g i k ≤ 4$ $T g k = ∑ i = 1 n g i k', i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $g i k 、 g i k'$ 分别为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 的浪高值和对应为大浪的二值变量； $T g k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的大浪频次指标值； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
雾	海雾的面积占比/%	正向	$F k = ∑ i = 1 n f i k n, i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $F k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的海雾指标值； $f i k$ 为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 中低云面积的百分比； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
降水量	日降水量值/mm	正向	$P k = ∑ i = 1 n p i k n, i = 1,2, … n$ 式中： $P k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的降水量指标值； $p i k$ 为第 $i$ 天栅格单元 $k$ 的日降水量值（mm）； $n$ 为一年的总天数。
台风频次	发生台风的次数/次	正向	$t i k = 1 当台风 i 经过栅格单元 k 0 当台风 i 不经过栅格单元 k$ $T t k = ∑ i = 1 n t i k, i = 1,2, …, n$ 式中： $t i k$ 为判断台风 $i$ 是否经过栅格单元 $k$ 的二值变量； $T t k$ 为栅格单元 $k$ 的台风频次指标值； $n$ 为台风总个数。
距离海岸线、岛礁	到海岸线、岛礁的距离/m	正向	使用欧氏距离计算栅格单元到海岸线、岛礁或航线或港口、基地的最短距离。
距离航线	到主要航线的距离/m	正向
距离港口、基地	到主要港口、搜救基地的距离/m	正向

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Fig.3

Fig.4

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困难性级别	搜救困难性
困难性级别	自然环境下	人文搜救力量下	综合
1	13.8	1.5	0.1
2	30.4	5.2	4.3
3	20.4	10.3	14.2
4	16	16.7	17.7
5	8.3	19.4	22.3
6	5.8	19.1	20.3
7	3.3	14.2	12.5
8	1.8	8.7	4.6
9	0.1	4.3	3
10	0.1	0.6	1

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Difficulty Assessment of Maritime Search and Rescue in the South China Sea

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