热带地理

TROPICAL GEOGRAPHY ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 473-483.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002941

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Tendency and Fluctuation of Different Rainfall Intensities in China during 1961-2015

KONG Feng1,2,3，FANG Jian4，LYU Lili1，WANG Zhu2,3，MENG Yongchang2,3，YANG Xu2,3   

  1. （1．a．China Meteorological Administration Training Center；b．Research Centre for Strategic Development，China Meteorological Administration，Beijing 100871, China；2．State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology，Beijing Normal University，Beijing 100875，China； 3．Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management，Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education，Beijing 100875，China； 4．School of Resources and Environmental Science，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430079，China）
  • Online:2017-07-05 Published:2017-07-05

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Abstract:

Since climatic condition is the important foundation for human subsistence and development, and the key factor in sustainable development of economy and society, the long-term trend change of different intensity precipitation, as one of the climatic elements, has been a global issue attracting great attention of politicians, scientists, governments, and the public alike throughout the world. In this research 535 stations’ meteorological data between 1961 and 2015 are from Daily Surface Meteorological Observation Data Sets of China provided by National Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Administration. According to the precipitation intensity grading standard issued by the China Meteorological Administration, rainfall events can be divided into six grades: light rainfall, moderate rainfall, heavy rainfall, storm rainfall, torrential rainfall and severe storm rainfall, in which the latter three grades constitute total storm rainfall, while all the six grades constitute total rainfall. Here starting from the annual rainfall amounts and rainfall days, we use tendency and fluctuation to diagnose different intensities’ rainfall amounts and days. The results show that, the tendencies of different intensities’ rainfall amounts and days show different spatial patterns. The light rainfall and moderate rainfall amounts are given priority to increasing trend in the northeast China, northern Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet. In southwest and south China are given priority to decreasing trend. The heavy rainfall is given priority to increasing trend in the regions south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, while decreasing trend in southwest China. And, storm rainfall, torrential rainfall and total storm rainfall show increasing trend in the east and south China with vast regions, while decreasing trend in north China. Extraordinary storm rainfall in parts of Sichuan and the southeast coastal regions have increasing trend, the increasing or decreasing trends in other parts of China are not obvious. The fluctuations of different intensities’ rainfall amounts and days show different spatial patterns. Light rainfall, moderate rainfall, heavy rainfall, storm rainfall, torrential rainfall and total rainfall have higher fluctuations in the northwest than in other regions. Extraordinary storm rainfall with high fluctuation is mainly distributed in the Bohai Sea rim and the vast regions south of the sea. To sum up, China’s rainfall is in development in the direction of extremalization. Putting forward some projects to response and reduce the adverse effect of precipitation extremalization is imperative.

Key words: rainfall grading, fluctuation, spatial pattern, China